에너지 음료는 카페인을 주성분으로 타우린, 비타민 같은 다른 energy-enhancing 성분을 함유하고 있다. 미국과 유럽에서는 글루쿠로노락톤이 에너지 음료에 첨가될수 있으나, 국내에서 의약품으로는 허가되어 있다. 따라서 식품 첨가물로는 그 사용이 금지 되어 있어, 지속적으로 수입 및 유통 음료에서 시험검사를 하여 규제하고 있다. 현재 분석법으로 사용하는 LC-PDA 법은 복잡한 유도체화 과 정을 거치고, 음료 중에 당류들이 위양성 결과를 나타내 기도 한다. 이런 기존 방법의 단점을 개선하기 위해 HILICESI- MS/MS (hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry) 를 이용한 분석법을 개발하고, 선택성, 직선성, 검출한계, 정량한계, 정밀도, 정확성, 재현성에 대하여 분석법 유효성 검증을 수행했고, AOAC, EURACHEM 가이드라인에 부합되는 결과를 얻었다.

Oral exposure of humans by excess amounts of arsenic may cause disturbances of the reproductive system. In the present study, such exposure was modelled in rats, with the support of sperm principal parameters and histopa-thological observations. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups where the group I was served as a normal control, group II was received sodium meta-arsenite as arsenic (10 mg/kg b.w/day) and a combi-nation of sodium meta- arsenite and sodium selenite (3 mg/kg b.w/day) in group III. After 6 weeks, there was no significant change in testis weight and in total motility of all the three experimental groups, whereas, rapid moving spermatozoa, moderately moving spermatozoa and slow moving spermatozoa were significantly decreased in arsenic treated rats as compared to control rats. The other sperm principal parameters like progressiveness, average path velocity, straightness linear velocity (VSL), curvilinear velocity (VCL), straightness, linearity sperm head elongation ratio, area, linearity amplitude of lateral head department (ALH) and beat cross frequency (BCF) were found to be reduced in arsenic intoxicated rats. These results are not correlated with the histological studies. On oral admini-stration of selenium ameliorated the adverse effects of arsenic as compared to arsenic alone treated rats. Our findings clearly demonstrate that administration of selenium could prevent some of the deleterious effects of arsenic in the testis.

INTRODUCTION In rodent, molecular markers of spermatogonia, spermatocyte, spermatid and sperm have been identified. It has been reported that DBA, PGP 9.5 and NanpG can be the markers for spermatogonia in pig. For further understanding the spermatogenesis of the pig on morphological and molecular level, we report identification of testicular cells in neonatal and pubertal pig testis, and a putative marker for spermatogonia and spermatid in pig testis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Neonatal (3 day) and pubertal testis (150 day) was cut and fixed in Bouin’s solution for immunohistochemistry (IHC). Gonocytes were isolated from neonatal testis for immunocytochemistry (ICC). Based on references (Phillips et al., 2010), thirteen antibodies (VASA, Oct4, NanoG, PGP 9.5, DAZL, SCF, GFR-alpha 1, PLZF, c-kit, integrin-beta1, Thy1, Sohlh1 and CD9) were used for IHC and ICC. Paraffin section was performed for IHC. Gonocytes were attached to the APS-coated slides for ICC. HRP-conjugated and florescent-labeled secondary antibody was used for IHC and ICC, respectively. RESULTS In histological analysis, spermatogonia and Sertoli cells, which are enclosed by seminiferous tubule and connective tissue, were observed in neonatal testis. However, complete spermiogenesis, including spermatocyte, spermatid and spermatozoa, was not observed in neonatal testis. Spermatocyte, spermatid and elongated spermatid were observed in pubertal testis but matured spermatozoa were not observed. As a result, two antibodies (PGP 9.5 and GFR-alpha1) of thirteen antibodies were available for IHC and ICC. As reported in other studies, PGP 9.5 protein was detected in spermatogonia of ne-onatal in IHC. In addition, it was observed in spermatogonia of pubertal testis. GFR- alpha1 protein was detected in spermatogonia of neonatal testis and spermatid of pubertal testis. In ICC, PGP 9.5 protein was detected in gonocytes as reported in other studies. GFR-alpha1 was also observed in gonocyte isolated from pig testis. In this study, we found that 1) only spermatogonia exist in neonatal pig testis (3 day), 2) GFR-alpha1 is a new marker for spermatogenesis in pig testis.

Interferon induced transmembrane protein-1 (IFITM1) is one of transmembrane protein which is differentially expressed in uterus during estrus cycle and pregnancy, that IFITM1 gene is highly expressed in estrus stage by the effect of estrogen, and in parturition by the effect of PGF2 alpha. This genes are also up-regulated in cells with hyperactivation of the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway. In this study, to identify a function of IFITM1, the binding partner of IFITM1 were determined using immunoprecipitation and LC- MASSMASS methods. 1, 3 and 5 ug of polyclonal anti-IFITM1 antisera were used for immunoprecipitation, and the 75 kDa of specific band was detected in silver stained polyacylamide gel. This band were chracterized using LC-MASS-MASS, and revealed this band is glucose regulated protein 75 (GRP75) which binds to p53 and inhibits the p53 action in nucleus. To identify the localization of GRP75 in cells, immunocytochemical approach has been applied, and GRP75 is expressed in mitochondria of L929 murine connective tissue cells. Co-localization study between IFITM1 and GRP75 in L929 cell identified that these two proteins were closely expressed in mitochondria. Although the role of the interaction of these two protein need to be clarified in various biological phenomena, this data suggest that close interaction of IFITM1 and GRP75 may regulate cellular functions in uterus on sets of estrus cycle and pregnancy.

본 연구는 도시 유역의 물 순환을 개선시키기 위해 최근 활발하게 적용되고 있는 저영향개발(low impact development, LID) 시설의 설계 및 계획 매개변수를 선정하기 위한 방법을 제시하였다. 이때 Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) 모형의 LID 시설 모의 기능을 활용하여 다양한 매개변수에 대해 민감도 분석 및 다양한 시나리오를 자동으로 수행하여 비교할 수 있도록 개발된 Water Management Analysis Module(WMAM)을 이용하였다. 본 연구는 최근 도시화가 진행되고 있는 서울의 한 유역에 적용하였다. 적용 결과 LID 중 하나인 투수성포장 시설이 없는 경우와 임의로 결정된 설계 및 계획 시나리오 보다 본 방법을 통해 도출된 시나리오가 총유출량 및 첨두유량 감소와 침투량 증가에 더 좋은 효과를 보였다. 향후 경제성을 고려한 방법을 개발한다면 실무에서도 활용될 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.

The purpose of this study is to explore the concept of a logistics hub, identify key factors and milestones for its development, and give some recommendations and implications to developing countries. For this the countries competing to be Logistics hub in Northeast Asia (NEA), such as South Korea, japan and China, are taken into consideration These countries have under its priority policies the development of a logistics hub vision to become the central area of the region achieving microeconomic and macroeconomic prosperity. Based on the review of the relevant literature, five factors came up as key determinants for the development of a hub project: 1. Logistics services support and infrastructure. 2. Business environment. 3. Economic determinants. 4. Political support and 5. Access to international markets. These are going to be analyzed together with its different variables, using statistical methods.