본 연구의 목적은 뷰티 전문가의 자기관리가 자기효능감 및 경영성과에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석하여 관계를 살펴보고, 향후 뷰티 전문가들의 자기 관리를 통한 자기 효능감과 경영성과 향상에 도움이 되기를 위함이다. 분석방법은 빈도분석, 요인분석, 신뢰도분석, 상관관계분석, 다중회귀분석 등을 하였고, 그 결과 자기관리와 자기조절감, 도전감 간 상호 정(+)의 상관관계가 나타났고, 자기관리가 경영성과, 환경성과, 고객성과, 시장성과에 통계적 유의하게 정(+)의 영향이 나타났으며, 자기효능감이 직무성과, 환경성과, 고객성과, 시장성과에 통계적 유의하게 정(+)의 영향을 나타나는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 자기관리에 대한 질적 향상을 통해 자기효능감과 경영성과에 기여할 수 있는 계기가 되길 바란다.

Taste is closely related to intake of food. Taste perception is also influenced by type of food ingested, and nutrition and health status. Bitter taste plays an important role in the survival of human and animals to avoid probable toxic and harmful substances. Vertebrate animals recognize bitter taste through type 2 taste receptors (T2Rs). Several T2Rs have been expressed extra-oral such as the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, urogenital tract, brain and immune cells, and parts of their functions are being revealed. This review will discuss physiological roles of T2Rs in relation to innate immunity, secretion and smooth muscle contraction expressed in extra-oral cells and tissues, and we summarize relationships between polymorphisms in T2Rs and general or oral diseases. It is not a coincidence that animals pay much genetic costs for taste and smell during evolution.

Recent findings indicate that Type 2 taste receptors (T2Rs) are expressed outside the gustatory system, including in the gastrointestinal tracts and the exocrine glands, such as the submandibular (SM), parotid (P), lacrimal (L) glands and pancreas (PC). Specifically, T2Rs are found in some of the gastrointestinal endocrine cells, and these cells secreted peptide hormones in response to stimulation by bitter-tasting compounds. The results show that T2Rs may have significant physiological roles besides bitter taste reception. The functions of the T2Rs in the exocrine glands remain poorly understood. An expression levels analysis of T2Rs will help to determine those functions in the exocrine glands. The expression levels of the T2Rs in the exocrine glands were discovered via the qPCR. C57BL/6J mice of 42~60-day-old were used. Messenger RNAs were extracted from S, P, L and PC. Cloned DNAs were synthesized by reverse transcription. Quantitative PCRs were performed using the SYBR Green method. The expression levels of the T2Rs were calculated as relative expression levels to that of the GAPDH. The statistical significance among the observed exocrine glands was tested using the variance analysis (ANOVA test). Tas2r108, out of murine 35 T2Rs, was the most highly expressed in every observed exocrine gland. This finding was similar to previous results from tongue papillae, but the expression levels were lower than those of the tongue papillae. Tas2r137 of SM, P, L and PC were expressed a little lower than that of tongue papillae. The T2Rs in the exocrine glands may play slightly different roles from those in the tongue. We suggest that physiological studies such as a patch clamp and functional Ca2+ imaging of acinar cells are necessary for understanding the Tas2r108 functions.

본 연구는 김해시 농업 기술센터에서 실시한 학교 텃밭조성 사업에 참여한 김해시 관내 초등학교와 유치원을 대상으로 텃밭교육의 현황 조사표와 인터뷰, 사진촬영, 교육프로그램 자료 등을 통해 비교 분석하여 학교 텃밭 교육 발전을 위한 기초 자료를 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다. 조사 대상지는 학교 텃밭 조성 활성화에 참여한 15개교 중, 초등학교 5개교와 유치원 10개교 이다. 예비조사로 텃밭 관련 자료는 2015년 3월~11월까지 기술지원과를 방문하여 담당자와 인터뷰하여 예비조사 대상지의 현황자료를 수집하였고, 본 조사는 1차 현장조사와 2차 현장조사로 나누어 실행하였다. 1차 현장조사는 2015년 4월~7월, 2차 현장조사는 2016년 4월~7월 실행하였다. 그 내용은 텃밭 조성면적과 작물현황, 편의 및 보조시설, 관리현황, 연간 작업계획, 교육시간, 교육프로그램을 조사하였다. 각 학교별 텃밭 조성면적은 60~693㎡으로 나타났으며 학생 1인당 사용하는 텃밭면적은 0.3~3.3㎡ 범위에 있었다. 작물현황은 2015년도는 어린이 자연 생태교육 프로그램을 적용한 학교는 열매채소 5종류(26%), 잎줄기채소 7종류(37%), 뿌리채소 3종류(16%), 화훼 4종류(21%)를 재배하였다. 2016년도는 각 학교에서 자체적으로 텃밭을 운영하여 열매채소 4~7종류(27~47%), 잎줄기채소 0~5종류(0~33%), 뿌리채소 0~3종류(0~20%)를 재배하였다. 편의시설은 안내판, 퍼골러, 관수시설 등이 구비 되어 있었다. 일부학교에서는 텃밭관리를 물주는 방법과 곁순따기, 지주대세우기, 천연 농약 만들기 등은 전문적인 강사가 지도하고 있었다. 학교 텃밭 작업계획에는 밭준비와 파종, 정식, 이식 과정으로 이루어졌다. 열매채소와 뿌리채소는 모종을 심고, 잎줄기 채소류는 모종을 심는 방법과 씨앗을 파종하는 방법을 사용하였다. 텃밭교육시간은 안전교육, 텃밭관리내용, 작물 성장관찰, 풀 뽑기, 물주기, 느낌 나누기 등에 관한 교육을 충실히 수행하려면 90분 정도 필요했다. 학교 텃밭의 작물선택은 교과목과 연계하여 학생들과 함께 선정하면 관심과 흥미도를 높일 수 있을 것으로 사료 된다. 텃밭활동과 텃밭 관리를 교과내용과 연계하여 이론과 실습을 병행할 수 있다. 텃밭에서 작물이 자라는 과정을 통한 텃밭 교육 프로그램은 학생들에게 교육적, 정서적, 심미적, 힐링적 효과 등 감성을 자극하는 시각. 청각, 미각, 후각, 촉각 오감을 느낄 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 학교 마다 유휴 공간을 텃밭으로 활용하는 것을 제안 해본다. 학생들의 자발적 참여가 이루어지도록 도입 반영 되어 학교라는 장소에서 텃밭이라는 자연에서 미래의 꿈을 키울 수 있는 장 을 만들 수 있도록해야 한다.

Mammals have 3 pairs of major salivary glands i.e., the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. Saliva secretion of these glands is modulated by taste perception. Salivary glands are composed mainly of acinar and ductal cells. Primary saliva is secreted by acinar cells and modified during ductal flow. Recently, of the murine 35 bitter taste receptors, Tas2r108 was expressed at highest levels in the submandibular gland by qPCR. Further, Tas2r108-transfected cells respond to a range of bitter compounds, such as denatonium, quinine, colchicine, diphenidol, caffeine and dapson. The objective of the present study was to characterize the expression of Tas2r108 mRNA in acinar and/or ductal cells of the submandibular gland using in situ hybridization (ISH). Male 42-60 days old DBA2 mice were used in the study. Messenger RNAs were extracted from the submandibular gland for generating digoxigenin (DIG) labeled-cRNA probes. These probes were transcribed in anti-sense and sense orientation using T7 RNA polymerase. Dot blot hybridization was performed using DIG labeled-cRNA probes, in order to estimate integrity and optimal diluting concentration of these probes. Subsequently, ISH was performed on murine submandibular gland to detect Tas2r108 mRNA. Dot blot hybridization data demonstrated that Tas2r108 DIG labeled-cRNA anti-sense probes specifically detected Tas2r108 cDNA. ISH results showed that the anti-sense probes labeled acinar and ductal cells in the submandibular gland, whereas no staining was visible in sense controls. Interestingly, the Tas2r108 expression levels were higher in acinar than ductal cells. These results suggested that Tas2r108 might be more associated with primary saliva secretion than with ductal modification of saliva composition.

This dissertation showcase study of production planning software development for Small and Medium sized Business (SMB). Currently, most of the domestic SMB’s production planning is being established by experienced manager’s intuition. Therefore, the production planning is usually managed by hand written data or established by impromptu process based on years of experience. Under such circumstances, production planning tends to be change frequently and, as a result, it is hard to meet On Time Delivery or to make Capable to Promise that customer asked for when they make order. This dissertation depicts the effectiveness of establishing specific production planning by applying software based on the project which had been implemented for an water tank manufacturing company, Z. The production planning by applying software which is presented in this research, enhanced work efficiency by making possible to share production information between marketing and production managing teams or within team members based on reliable planning. In addition to this, it made possible to have more orders from customers by presenting Capable to Promise schedule.

The suitable feeder cell layer is important for culture of embryonic stem (ES) cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of two kinds of the feeder cell, MEF cells and STO cells, layer to mouse ES (mES) cell culture for maintenance of stemness. We compare the colony formations, alkaline phosphatase (AP) activities, expression of pluripotency marker genes and proteins of D3 cell colonies cultured on MEF feeder cell layer (D3/MEF) or STO cell layers (D3/STO) compared to feeder free condition (D3/–) as a control group. Although there were no differences to colony formations and AP activities, interestingly, the transcripts level of pluripotency marker genes, Pou5f1 and Nanog were highly expressed in D3/MEF (79 and 93) than D3/STO (61and 77) or D3/– (65 and 81). Also, pluripotency marker proteins, NANOG and SOX-2, were more synthesized in D3/MEF (72.8±7.69 and 81.2±3.56) than D3/STO (32.0±4.30 and 56.0±4.90) or D3/– (55.0±4.64 and 62.0±6.20). These results suggest that MEF feeder cell layer is more suitable to mES cell culture. Key words : Mouse embryonic stem cell, Feeder cell, Pluripotency marker, MEF feeder cell