Five spider species from the genus Pholcus Walckenaer, 1805, namely Pholcus geogeum sp. nov., Pholcus hongseong sp. nov., Pholcus gochang sp. nov., Pholcus jeocheon sp. nov., and Pholcus yongin sp. nov., are newly described from Korea. These five new species, which belong to the phungiformes group within the genus, can be distinguished from their congeners by the shape and structure of the genital organs of both males and females. They are found on rock walls and at cave entrances in mountainous and hilly mixed forests. This study provides diagnoses, detailed descriptions, and taxonomic photographs of the newly described species.

A new spider species of the genus Pholcus Walckenaer, 1805, Pholcus osaek sp. nov., in the family Pholcidae C.L. Koch, 1850, is described from Korea. This new species belongs to phungiformes-group in the genus. It can be distinguished from its congeners by the shape and structure of genital organs of both males and females. It is found on and between rock walls in mountainous mixed forests. Additionally, the taxonomic status of Pholcus uksuensis Kim & Ye, 2014 is revalidated, re-diagnosed, and redescribed based on specimens collected from the type locality. Considering differences mentioned in the diagnosis through revalidation, P. uksuensis is regarded as a distinct species. Therefore, it should be removed from the synonymy of P. woongil Huber, 2011.

The present study describes Philodromus rufus Walckenaer, 1826 with detailed descriptions, taxonomic photographs, distribution map, and proposition of a new synonym. Due to morphological similarity between P. pseudoexilis Paik, 1979 and P. rufus, taxonomic identity of P. pseudoexilis has been doubtful to date. A detailed bibliographic study of types of P. pseudoexilis between P. rufus and examination of specimens from the type locality of P. pseudoexilis with specimens of P. rufus collected across the country showed that P. rufus has all diagnostic characters found in types of P. pseudoexilis. Therefore, P. pseudoexilis Paik, 1979 should be regarded as a new synonym of Philodromus rufus Walckenaer, 1826.

The present study describes Philodromus paiki sp. nov., which was previously misidentified as P. fuscomarginatus (De Geer, 1778), P. poecilus (Thorell, 1872), and P. spinitarsis Simon, 1895 in Korea, as a new species with diagnosis, detailed descriptions, and taxonomic photographs. Additionally, P. spinitarsis is also described to correct previous misidentifications of Korean records of the species.

A male Spheropistha melanosoma Yaginuma, 1957 from Korea in the family Theridiidae Sundevall, 1833 is described with measurements and morphological photos of the diagnostic characteristics. This species was collected with a sweep net around arable lands in a mountainous mixed forest during the investigation of spider fauna on Ulleungdo Island in 2019.

Two linyphiid spiders, Saitonia kawaguchikonis Saito & Ono, 2001 and Asthenargus niphonius Saito & Ono, 2001 were confirmed from Korea for the first time. Males of S. kawaguchikonis and a female of A. niphonius were collected with pitfall traps in a leaf litter of mixed forests in three National Parks (Hallyeohaesang National Park, Mt. Naejangsan, and Mt. Sobaeksan) during the seasonal surveys for the spider fauna in mountainous terrain from 2018 to 2020. These two species were formerly known from China and Japan, or only from Japan, respectively. The present study describes these two species with measurements, morphological illustrations, and a distribution map. This report adds the genus Asthenargus Simon & Fage, 1922 from Korea to the Korean spider fauna for the first time.

전해질막을 사용하는 알칼라인 연료전지는 최근 들어서 시스템 구성이 비슷하고 전해질막의 종류만 다른 기존의 양이온 교환막 연료전지를 대체할 수 있을 것으로 기대를 모으고 있다. 특히, 알칼라인 연료전지에서는 비백금계 저가 촉매가 사용 가능하여 많은 연구들이 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 알칼라인 연료전지 시스템에 적용하기 위한 고성능, 고내 구성 음이온 교환막을 제조하기 위하여, 두 종류의 다공성 지지체인 폴리벤조옥사졸 지지체와 폴리에틸렌 지지체에 Fumion FAA 이오노머를 함침시켜, 기존의 Fumion 시리즈의 막보다 우수한 기계적 강도를 가지면서 높은 이온전도도를 유지할 수 있는 함침막을 제조하고자 하였다. 이를 통하여 최종적으로 지지체-함침막이 성공적으로 제조되었고, 이온 전도도와 기계적 특성이 지지체의 성질에 따라 서로 다른 결과를 보여 주었다. PE 지지체에 Fumion 이오노머를 함침시킨 함침막에서는 우수 한 기계적 특성이 얻어졌지만, 이온전도도는 감소하였으며 특히 높은 온도에서 성능감소가 더욱 증가하였다. 반면에 PBO 지 지체에 Fumion 이오노머를 함침 시킨 경우에는 PBO의 높은 염기성으로 인하여 함침 후에 높은 이온 전도도를 보였지만, Fumion-PE막에 비하여 상대적으로 낮은 기계적 특성을 나타내었다. 결과적으로 지지체-함침막 제조 시 알칼라인 연료전지의 운전조건에 따라 지지체의 특성을 충분히 고려하여 연구를 진행할 필요가 있다는 결론을 얻었다.

Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) has been considered as promising technology utilizing blue energy1. However, polymeric thin film composite membranes are insufficient to meet requirements: robustness, high permeability and selectivity. In this study, new type of membrane has been developed consisting of thermally rearranged poly(benzoxazole) (TR-PBO) electrospun membrane as a support layer and ultra-thin polyamide (PA) active layer2. Because TR-PBO has high mechanical strength, it can be used at high hydraulic pressure. This means that high concentrated solution can be used as a draw and, subsequently, high power density can be obtained. The characteristics and performance of the membrane will be presented.

Membrane distillation (MD) has been researched as one of the promising seawater desalination processes, because of its advantages such as (1) high energy efficiency, high water flux and less fouling sensitivity. [1] Herein, thermally rearranged (TR) polymer membranes are introduced for MD application. The TR membranes were investigated by SEM, contact angle, CFP and LEPw. TR membranes showed a great MD performance with high water flux and long-term stability.