Previous research indicates that consumers may resist negative publicity when they perceive a firm to be socially responsible (Klein & Dawar, 2004; Chernev & Blair,2015). However, other research shows corporate social responsibility (CSR) may boomerang the damage of negative publicity (Sohn & Lariscy,2012). Firms may participate in CSR and it is important for market practitioners and researchers to understand the role of different types of CSR in minimizing the impact of negative publicity. This research aims to examine the moderating role of two types of CSR in the effect of negative publicity on consumer responses. An experiment with a 2 (negative publicity type: ability-related vs. morality-related) x 2 (CSR type: philanthropic donation vs. employee wellbeing) between-subjects factorial design was conducted in a major city of China. In the morality-related negative publicity and employee wellbeing condition, the participants were shown with employee wellbeing materials and a morality-related negatively publicized article about a fictitious hotel. Similar arrangements were setup for other different conditions. Then, consumer responses such as firm evaluation and patronage intention were measured. Results of two-way ANOVA revealed a significant interaction effect. The findings indicate that consumers’ patronage intention is lower when a morality-related negative publicity has happened to a firm having “philanthropic donation” type of CSR, and also when an ability-related negative publicity has happened to a firm having “employee wellbeing” type of CSR. Managerial

As aluminum foam has the most superior absorption of impact energy, this material has been used at automobile and airplane. If aluminum foam is used by jointing bolt and nut, it can be broken. Therefore, it is more effective to bond aluminum foam and other materials by adhesive. In this study, the fatigue fracture simulation through ANSYS program is carried out on the aluminum foam specimen bonded with adhesive as the type of DCB Mode Ⅲ. There are four kinds of specimens with the types of DCB Mode Ⅲ in this study. The thicknesses of four specimens are 35mm, 45mm, 55mm and 65mm. In cases of specimen thicknesses of 35mm, 45mm, 55mm and 65mm, the maximum loads are shown as ±0.2kN, ±0.55kN, ±1kN and ±1.2kN respectively. As the specimen thickness increases, the maximum loads increase. The results of fatigue experiment as specimen thickness of 55mm can be shown to approach the simulation results by confirming the simulation results of this study. So, The simulation data can be applied in order to investigate the mechanical property at DCB specimen with the type of Mode Ⅲ.

CFRP composites have high specific strength, specific stiffness, long fatigue life, light weight environmental safety characteristics. In this study, the mechanical properties are investigated through the compressive simulation analysis on the carbon fiber reinforced plastic sandwich. The experiment is carried out with the same condition as the analysis to verify the analysis result. One sandwich plate is composed with four layers. From the upper, this plate has the first, second, third and fourth layers due to the arrangement of angle direction. A plate has the symbol of [0/30/30/0] as the first, second, third and fourth layers due to the angle directions of 0°, 30°, 30° and 0°. There are the plates of [0/30/30/0], [0/60/60/0] and [0/90/90/0] in this study. The maximum compressive load becomes 53.139kN during the compression time of 12 sec in case of the plate of [0/30/30/0]. The maximum compressive load becomes 61.826kN during the compression time of 12 sec in case of the plate of [0/60/60/0]. The maximum compressive load becomes 53.002kN during the compression time of 12 sec in case of the plate of [0/90/90/0]. So, the plate of [0/60/60/0] endures the most load among three plates. The result of this study can be applied practically through the validation of experimental data on the simulation data. In this study, the mechanical characteristics are examined systematically through the impact analysis on the composite material of the carbon fiber reinforced plastic with aluminum foam by using the impact absorption due to CFRP plate.

기계의 무게를 대폭 줄이는 것을 목적으로 복합재료에 대해서 많은 연구를 진행하고 있다. 본 연구에서 탄소 섬유 강화 플라스틱과 알루미늄 폼으로 조합해서 만든 샌드위치에 대해서 압축 시뮬레이션 해석을 하였다. 또한 탄소 섬유 강화 플라스틱의 섬유의 배열방식은 [0/90/90/0]이다. 시뮬레이션 해석 방법은 ANSYS를 이용하여 실제와 같은 경계조건을 주고 유한요소해석을 진행하였다. 시편을 압축하는 동안에 탄소 섬유 강화 플라스틱과 알루미늄 폼이 그 접착력보다 크게 발생되어 떨어지는 형상이 일어났다. 또한 2438.3MPa의 최대 등가응력이 발생된 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 나온 해석결과는 안전설계 및 복합재료의 개발에 필요한 자료를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

The honeycomb aluminum foam of the porous metal has the merit of the impact absorption, the soundproof, the heat conductivity, the light weight. Aluminum 6061-T6 is used at the materials for the automobile, the ship, the machine and various structures. In this study, the sandwich combined with the honeycomb aluminum foam and aluminum 6061-T6 is simulated with the impact. Two kinds of models made by use of CATIA program with 3 kinds of impact energies are analyzed by ANSYS program. As the simulation result, the maximum deformations at the cases of 1 and 2 are shown as 4.8205mm and 11.909mm respectively. And the maximum equivalent stresses at the cases of 1 and 2 are shown as 274.45MPa and 265.6MPa respectively. As the simulation result at case 1 approaches the experimental result, all simulation results can be verified in order to apply into analyzing the impact properties of the honeycomb aluminum foam sandwiches. In cases of three kinds of impact energies, the striker is not shown to penetrate the upper face sheets of case 1. At the impact energy of 100 J, the striker is not shown to penetrate the upper face sheets of case 2. At the impact energies of 200 J and 300 J, the striker is shown to penetrate the upper face sheets of case 2. It is thought to predict and improve the structural safety the composite material combined with the aluminium foam by using this study result.

The porous metallic material has the most superior physical property and the best mechanical capability. This study is investigated with the simulation analysis by compressing three kinds of specimens. Three aluminum foams with the thickness of 10 mm are bonded at Case 1. Two aluminum foams with the thicknesses of 10 mm and 20 mm are bonded at Case 2. It is one aluminum foam with the thickness of 30 mm at Case 3. The two dimensional model is done by ANSYS design modeler and the finite element analysis is performed by ANSYS structural analysis. As the forced displacement of 1 mm during the elapsed time of 60 sec is applied, the forced displacement of 10 mm during the total elapsed time of 600 sec is applied. As the analysis result, the most reaction force is shown at case 2 among three cases. Case 2 is estimated as the best structure. The analysis result of this study is thought to be the data necessary for the safe design about mechanical structure and the development of composite material.

Negative publicity can be defined as negative information about a product, a service, a brand, an organization or an individual that is circulated through mass media such as print media and broadcast media (Dean, 2004; O'Guinn, Allen, & Semenik, 2011). Indeed, there has been a growing interest in the marketing literature concerning the effects of negative brand publicity on consumer perceptions and evaluations (Cleeren, van Heerde, & Dekimpe, 2013; Dills & Hernández Julián, 2012; Pullig, Netemeyer & Biswas, 2006; Thirumalai & Sinha, 2011). Negatively publicized instances such as defective products/services or unethical business practices are likely to impair a brand’s image and its equity. However, previous literature has mainly focused on the effect of performance-related negative publicity on consumer responses and there are limited studies about the effect of value- or ethics-related negative publicity. Owing to the inherent characteristics of inseparability and intangibility, hospitality managers need to pay particular attention to ethical issues and the detrimental impact of value-related negative publicity. This study aims to examine the impact of negative brand publicity on hotel consumers for two types of negative publicity (namely, performance-related and value-related). A content analysis and a consumer survey were conducted in China so as to investigate the hotel recovery strategy and consumer responses toward negative publicity. The content analysis was performed on two largest local daily newspapers in China. It showed that the occurrence of value-related negative publicity (e.g., not keeping promises, or dishonesty) was much greater than performance-related negative publicity (e.g., untidy room, or equipment malfunction) in China’s hotel industry. Compensations appeared to be the most common method for hotel responses toward the two types of negative publicity. The consumer survey showed that consumer responses such as hotel evaluations and patronage intentions were negatively affected by negative brand publicity. Female consumers were found to be more sensitive to unethical issues than male consumers. In other words, females were more negatively affected by value-related publicity than performance-related publicity. Managerial implications for hospitality managers are discussed.

In this study, carbon fiber reinforced plastic and aluminum foam used in impact absorber are assembled and modelled. These models are investigated by impact simulation and verified by experimental data. Impact energies of 30 J, 60 J and 100 J are applied on these specimens by striker. For example the experiment for impact energy of 30 J is done and verified by referring to analysis result. As the structural safeties of these assembled composite materials can be anticipated through this study result, these simulation analysis results can be applied into real field.

본 논문에서는 탄소 섬유 강화 플라스틱 샌드위치 복합재료의 시뮬레이션 해석을 통해 기계적 충격특 성에 대해 연구를 하였다. 스트라이커에 30 J, 60 J, 100 J의 충격에너지를 부여하여 고정 된 시험편에 충격을 가했다. 시뮬레이션 해석 방법은 ANSYS를 이용하여 실제와 같은 경계조건을 주며 유한요소해 석을 진행하였다. 그 결과는 100J의 충격에 에너지를 가해졌을 때 스트라이커가 시험편을 완전히 관통하는 모습이 보이고 충격에너지 30J과 60J일 때는 스트라이커가 시험편을 관통하지 않았다. 본 연구의 결과로 탄소 섬유 강화 플라스틱과 알루미늄 폼으로 조립한 복합재료의 구조적 안전성을 예측과 구조적 안전성이 높이는 사료가 된다.

Tapered double cantilever beam (TDCB) specimens are the most commonly used test configurations to measure the fracture toughness of composites and adhesive joints. The material used in this study is aluminum alloy. For the impact analysis, load and displacement applied from pin onto end block as well as the crack energy release rate are calculated and compared with the finite element analysis results. The energy release rate increases with the velocity increases. As TDCB model with the same condition as experiment is simulated and analyzed, the fracture behavior can be estimated with the analysis result similar to experiment. The simulation results can be agreed with experimental graph and all experimental data at this study can be verified. These experimental results can be applied into real field effectively. It is found that the energy release rates measured from impact tests on the specimens can be predicted by the finite element model suggested in this study.

이중외팔보 모델은 일반적으로 복합재료의 구조테스트와 접착 접합의 테스트에 많이 쓰인다. 본 연구 에서 쓰인 재료는 알루미늄 합금2014이다. 또한 접착 구조물의 접착 면에서 발생한 에너지 해방율 및 유한요소해석을 통하여 알루미늄의 충격에 대한 기계적 특성을 알고자 하는 것이 목적에 있다. 상단부와 하단부의 접착 부위는 하중 점으로부터 100mm 떨어지도록 예비크랙을 두어 접착을 하도록 설계하였다. 하중은 핀에 Y축 방향으로 작용하였다. 충격속도는 7. 5m/s와 12.5m/s로 가하였다. 충격속도가 12.5m/s 일 때의 에너지 해방율은 약 7500J/m2으로 나왔다. 충격 속도가 빠를수록 하중 핀에 가해지는 하중이 증가된다는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 에너지 해방율도 높게 나타나는 것을 알 수 있었다.