하수처리장 유출수의 수질 예측은 수질 사고의 사전 대응 및 처리장의 안정적인 운영을 위해 필수적인 요소이다. 최근 머신러닝을 활용한 예측 모델링에서 예측 성능 향상과 과적합 방지를 위해 다양한 교차 검증법과 하이퍼파라미터 최적화 기법이 활용되고 있으나, 하수처리장 데이터는 시간적 의존성과 급격한 변동성이 내재되어 있어 과적합에 취약하고 안정적인 모델 구축에 어려움이 따른다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 데이터 특성을 효과적으로 반영할 수 있는 최적의 모델링 파이프라인을 구축하고자 하였으며, XGBoost 모델을 기반으로 유출수 내 총질소 농도를 예측하였다. 예측 성능 평가 지표로는 평균 제곱근 오차(Root Mean Square Error, RMSE), 결정계수(coefficient of determination, R2), RMSE 오차 개선율(the rate of improvement on RMSE, RIRRMSE) 그리고 계산 시간을 사용하였다. 기본적인 Hold-out 방식의 성능을 기준으로 K-fold, 시계열 교차 검증(Time Series Cross Validation, TSCV), 블록 시계열 교차 검증(Blocked Time Series Cross Validation, BTSCV) 기법의 예측 성능을 분석한 결과, BTSCV는 인접한 데이터만을 고려하는 방식으로 시간적 의존성과 급변 특성을 효과적으로 반영하여 가장 높은 RIR(36.37%)을 기록하였다. 또한, 하이퍼파라미터 최적화(그리드 서치와 베이지안 최적화) 기법과의 다양한 교차 검증법의 조합을 통해 모델 성능과 과적합 방지 효과를 분석한 결과, BTSCV와 베이지안 최적화의 결합은 짧은 계산 시간(364.64초)과 함께 가장 높은 RIR(64.93%)을 보였으며, 훈련 및 평가 데이터 간 성능 차이도 최소화되어 일반화된 예측 모델로서의 효과성이 입증되었다. 따라서 본 연구는 하수처리장 시계열 데이터의 특성에 적합한 BTSCV와 베이지안 최적화 기법을 결합한 모델링 파이프라인 전략을 제안하며, 향후 실시간 수질 모니터링 및 하수처리장 운영 효율성 제고에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

국립원예특작과학원에서는 밝은 화색과 안정적인 화형의 생 육이 우수한 빨간색 스탠다드 장미 품종을 육성하기 위해 진한 적색 스탠다드 장미 품종 ‘엔드리스러브(Endless Love)’를 모 본으로, 꽃잎수가 많고 안정적으로 가시가 적은 밝은 노란색 ‘페니레인(Penny Lane)’ 품종을 부본으로 인공교배하였다. 37 개의 교배실생을 양성해 1, 2, 3차에 걸친 특성검정 및 현장실증 을 통해 꽃이 크고 화형이 안정적이며, 재배안정성 및 생산성, 절화특성이 우수한 ‘원교 D1-390’을 최종 선발하였다. 2023년 ‘루비레드(Ruby Red)’로 명명하여 국립종자원에 품종보호출원·등록되었다. ‘루비레드’ 품종은 밝은 적색(R53C)을 가졌으 며, 꽃잎수가 32.8매, 화폭과 화고는 각각 10.9, 5.9cm로 대조 품종보다 크다. 절화장은 평균 71.7cm, 절화수명은 약 16.7일, 수량은 연간 168대/m2로 대조품종인 ‘레드스퀘어(Red Square)’ 대비 절화장이 길고 절화수명도 2배 이상 길며, 수확량도 1.4배 우수하다. 2023년 국내 육성 장미 품종 서울식물원 관람객 대상 공동평가회에서 스탠다드 장미 중 우수한 평가를 받았으며, 현 장 실증 결과 농가별로 균일하고 우수한 수량과 절화품질을 보 였다. 절화용 장미 ‘루비레드’ 품종은 밝은 적색과 우수한 화형 을 가지는 품종으로 해외 대체 품종으로 국내에서 많이 재배될 것으로 기대된다.

Hypertension is characterized by excessive renin-angiotensin system activity, leading to blood vessel constriction. Several synthetic compounds have been developed to inhibit renin and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). These drugs often have adverse side effects, driving the exploration of plant protein-derived peptides as alternative or supplementary treatments. This study assessed the phenolic compound and amino acid content and the antioxidant and antihypertensive activity of 5 South Korean staple crops. Sorghum had the highest phenolic compound content and exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. Millet grains, particularly finger millet (38.86%), showed higher antihypertensive activity than red beans (14.42%) and sorghum (17.16%). Finger millet was found to contain a large proportion of branched-chain, aromatic, and sulfur-containing amino acids, which are associated with ACE inhibition. In particular, cysteine content was positively correlated with ACE inhibition in the crops tested (r=0.696, p<0.01). This study confirmed that the amino acid composition was more correlated with the antihypertensive activity of grains than the phenolic compound content. Finger millet mainly contained amino acids, which have higher ACE inhibitory activity, resulting in the strongest antihypertensive activity. These findings underscore the antihypertensive potential of select crops as plant-based food ingredients, offering insight into their biological functions.

We analyzed comparatively the ground beetle communities of 1993 and 2023, with 30 year interval, in broadleaf and coniferous stands of the Gwangneung forest, a biosphere reserve in South Korea. 2,906 individuals (53 species, 38 genera, and 15 families) were collected from broadleaf stands and 1,782 individuals (36 species, 32 genera, and 14 families) from coniferous stands in 1993. The dominant species was Synuchus cycloderus in both stands. In 2023, 1,682 individuals (110 species, 78 genera, 21 families) were collected from broadleaf stands and 990 individuals (92 species, 67 genera, 22 families) from coniferous stands. In 2023, the dominant species were Eucarabus (Parhomopterus) sternbergi sternbergi in broadleaf stands and Coptolabrus jankowskii jankowskii in coniferous stands. Species richness (R'), species evenness (E'), species diversity (H'), and dominance (DI) were all higher than in broadleaf (R'=15.472, E'=0.336, H'=1.601, and DI=0.371) and coniferous (R'=13.756, E'=0.369, H'=1.324, and DI=0.326) forests in 2023.

Conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) do not fully remove micropollutants. Enhanced treatment of sewage effluents is being considered or implemented in some countries to minimize the discharge of problematic micropollutants from WWTPs. Representative enhanced sewage treatment technologies for micropollutant removal were reviewed, including their current status of research and development. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) such as ozonation and UV/H2O2 and adsorption processes using powdered (PAC) and granular activated carbon (GAC) were mainly discussed with focusing on process principles for the micropollutant removal, effect of process operation and water matrix factors, and technical and economic feasibility. Pilot- and full-scale studies have shown that ozonation, PAC, and GAC can achieve significant elimination of various micropollutants at economically feasible costs(0.16-0.29 €/m3). Considering the current status of domestic WWTPs, ozonation and PAC were found to be the most feasible options for the enhanced sewage effluent treatment. Although ozonation and PAC are all mature technologies, a range of technical aspects should be considered for their successful application, such as energy consumption, CO2 emission, byproduct or waste generation, and ease of system construction/operation/maintenance. More feasibility studies considering domestic wastewater characteristics and WWTP conditions are required to apply ozonation or PAC/GAC adsorption process to enhance sewage effluent treatment in Korea.

Online search advertising (aka, sponsored or paid search advertising) is a technology that any matched advertisement is displayed on Web pages as online users’ query results from search engines and Web portals (e.g., Google, Bing, Baidu, Naver, and Yahoo!). In specific, after online users type search keywords on the search box (at this stage, online users become searchers), search engines match users’ query texts to phrases included in search advertisement. Then, if an advertiser’s investment on her/his search advertisement is high enough, the advertisement is likely to be displayed on a search engine results (called “impression”) (Hanson and Kalyanam 2007; Jansen et al. 2009; Jansen and Clark 2017; Moore, Stammerjohan, and Coulter 2005). Once a searcher clicks a displayed advertisement and arrives on the advertiser’s landing page, s/he becomes a visitor by clicking the impression. As benefits of utilizing search keywords, online search advertising can reduce search costs and increase information accessibility by potential customers. In addition, because online search advertising provides relevant search results based on the users’ own queries, it is considered less intrusive than banner advertisement and widely used by many marketers (Ghose and Yang 2009; Johnson, Bruner, and Kumar 2006; Quinton and Khan 2009; Rangaswamy, Giles, and Seres 2009; Yang and Ghose 2010).