기후변화와 세계시장 개방에 따른 외래 및 돌발해충의 종류는 다양해지고 밀도는 지속적으로 증가하고 있지 만 발생 실태에 관한 자료는 미흡하다. 본 연구는 경남지역 돌발 및 남방계 해충의 발생과 피해조사를 위해 미국선 녀벌레, 썩덩나무노린재, 담배거세미나방 등 3종을 경남 18시·군에서 조사하였다. 미국선녀벌레는 약충기(6월), 성충기(9월) 조사를 진행하였고, 길이가 50cm 이상되는 가지의 밑동에서 위쪽으로 50cm 내 개체를 육안조사하 였다. 썩덩나무노린재는 콩 개화기(7월), 등숙기(9월) 조사를 진행하였고 지점당 집합페로몬 트랩 1개를 설치하 고 1주 후 채집된 마리 수를 조사하였다. 담배거세미나방은 성페로몬 트랩 1개를 설치한 뒤 1주 후 채집된 마리 수를 조사하였다. 미국선녀벌레는 의령, 함안, 함양 등에서 발생이 많았고, 전년대비 발생이 소폭 감소하였다. 썩덩나무노린재는 합천, 밀양, 함양 등에서 발생이 많았고, 담배거세미나방은 전시군에서 발생이 확인되었으 며, 특히 함양, 산청, 사천, 고성 등에서 밀도가 높았다.

최근 기후변화에 따라 아열대 작물 재배가 증가하면서 경남지역 망고 재배면적도 크게 증가하고 있다. 하지만 망고에 발생하는 병해충 발생 정보가 부족하여 2022년부터 현재까지 경남지역에 있는 망고농장을 조사하였으 며, 그 결과 병해 6종, 해충 8종 발생을 확인하였다. 특히 경남지역 망고 포장에서 꽃노랑총채벌레, 대만총채벌레, 볼록총채벌레 등의 발생을 확인하였고, 통영, 함안, 밀양 등에서 총채벌레류에 의한 피해가 발생하였다. 많은 농가에서 총채벌레류 방제를 위해 화학농약에 의존하고 있으나 총채벌레는 반복적인 약제 노출시 빠른 세대 진전으로 인해 저항성 발달이 쉽기때문에 방제에 어려움을 겪고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하고자 색상별 끈끈이 트랩의 총채벌레류 유인효과를 확인하였으며, 꽃노랑총채벌레는 노랑, 주황, 연두, 대만총채벌레는 빨강, 노랑, 파랑, 볼록총채벌레는 파랑, 노랑, 빨강 순으로 유인효과가 높은 것을 확인하였다.

The objectives of this study was to evaluate the degradability and digestibility of crude protein (CP), rumen undegradable protein (RUP), and individual amino acids (AA) on six by-product feedstuffs (BPF) (rice bran, RB; wheat bran, WB; corn gluten feed, CGF; tofu residue, TR; spent mushroom substrate from Pleurotus ostreatus, SMSP; brewers grain, BG) as ruminants feed. Three Hanwoo steers (40 months old, 520 ± 20.20 kg of body weight) fitted with a permanent rumen cannula and T-shaped duodenal cannula were used to examine of the BPF using in situ nylon bag and mobile bag technique. The bran CGF (19.2%) and food-processing residue BG (19.7%) had the highest CP contents than other feeds. The RUP value of bran RB (39.7%) and food-processing residues SMSP (81.1%) were higher than other feeds. The intestinal digestion of CP was higher in bran RB (44.2%) and food-processing residues BG (40.5%) than other feeds. In addition, intestinal digestion of Met was higher in bran RB (55.7%) and food-processing residues BG (44.0%) than other feeds. Overall, these results suggest that RB and BG might be useful as main raw ingredients in feed for ruminants. Our results can be used as baseline data for ruminant ration formulation.

Even though plant protections using chemical pesticides have several advantages, non-specific toxicities to other beneficial insects and humans and rapid development of tolerance and/or resistance of target pests to chemicals are major disadvantages. Recent researches suggested that using double stranded RNA (dsRNA) could be species specific and environmental friendly pest management protocols. However, efficiency of dsRNA treatments are known to be variable according to its application methods. For example, injections of dsRNAs to pests were known to be effective in all species. However, efficiencies of oral application of dsRNAs were known to be dependent on species. Thus, development of tools that could enhance the efficacy of orally treated dsRNAs are utmost important for widening usages of dsRNAs in plant protection. Recently, we found that the efficacy of oral treated dsRNAs to target pests could be enhanced by nano-technologies. I will show how applying nano-technology to dsRNAs enhance the efficiency of dsRNAs. (This work was carried out with the support of the Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development (Project title: Studies for biological characteristics of and control methods against the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria, Project No: PJ011630042016), Rural Development Administration).

Young - S eok Choi . 2002. On the Me aning and Function of the Hi s toric al Pre s e nt T ens e . S t ud ie s in M od e rn Gram ma r 27, 147- 160 . This paper is an attempt to sort out various effects and constraint s associated with what has been referred to as the historical present tense in the literature, and to find out its prototypical function from which the observed effects and constraints can be derived. After discussing cert ain general effect s and constraining factors in section Ⅱ based on an analysis of several Korean short stories, I will argue in Section Ⅲ that the central function of the historical present tense is ' suspended judgment ' and that all other effect s and constraints, such as the 'vividness effect ' and the feeling of 'continuing action ' it generates, the ' sense of relief ' triggered by a tense switch to the past after a series of the historical present tense, and the constraints on its use with the first - person action or explicit time markers, can be given plausible explanations based on this simple generalization.

Young-Seok Choi. 2000. Possessor Ascension and Lexical Passive. Studies in Modern Grammar 21, 73-86. It has been traditionally assumed among Korean linguists that there is no fundamental distinction between the lexical (or morphological) passive and the syntactic passive constructions in Korean. This paper questions this assumption centering around a typical relational grammar analysis of a particular construction which seemingly involves both passive and possessor ascension. It will be argued that despite the intuitive plausibility of the `passive` analysis, syntactic and phonological evidence points to the conclusion that neither possessor ascension nor passive is involved in the construction under question.

Young-Seok Choi. 1999. A Constraint on Ascension. Studies in Modern Grammar 18, 39-53. This paper proposes a well-formedness condition on ascension RNs within the framework of Relational Grammar. Though the condition basically expresses the generalization that true instances of ascension from the subject position are restricted to intransitive strata, it will be shown there are cases in which the ascension occurs in a transitive stratum. Thus, it will be claimed that the genuine conditioning factor governing the distribution of ascension from subject is not transitivity but the career of the ascendee, i.e., whether or not the ascendee is a derived subject. Some residual problems are touched upon in the final section.

Young-Seok Choi. 1996. On the Complement of Some Unaccusative Predicates. Studies in Modern Grammatical Theories 8: 209-225. The main concern of this paper is a constraint on the complements of certain unaccusative predicates in Korean, with the primary focus on toy `become`. It will be argued that such constructions involve raising from an initially biclausal structure, consistent with Perlmutter and Postal`s (1984) hypothesis that auxiliary verbs universally occur in an initially unaccusative structure. Some syntactic evidence will be provided in support of the proposed analysis based on facts about word order, relativization, and passivization.