This study was to investigate pregnancy rate of IVM/IVF/IVC Korean cattle (registered in government) embryos according to transport time course. For the production of embryos, oocytes recovered from slaughtered excellent grade cow and highly motile frozen‐thawed bull semen (purchased from LIMC, KPN#497) was used. In vitro produced embryos were cultured in CR1aa medium for 8 days and some of them were frozen. The rate of average cleavage (>2‐cell) was 83.0% (308/371) and blastocyst rate at day 8 was 34.7% (107/308). Among in vitro produced blastocyst embryos at day 8, most healthy embryos were freshly transferred on production day and some frozen embryos were direct transferred on appropriate day. These embryos were produced in a laboratory, embryo transfer (ET) was planned in 10 areas of the remote island (Jeju) from the laboratory by airplane. Thus, we examined the pregnancy rate in recipient cow according to embryo of transport time course before ET. From embryo transferred 44 recipient cows, overall pregnancy was 40.9% (18/44), these 18 cows were all calved [single, 94% (17/18); twin, 6% (1/18)] and total embryo implantation rate was 26% (19/66). Comparing transport time in the base of 6 hr, pregnancy rate in ET group required less 4 hr (60%, 9/15) was significantly higher than that required more 6 hr (26.3%, 5/19). In direct ET of freezing embryos, the pregnancy rate was 40% (4/10). However, it was difficult to find the meaning of temperature, pH and corpus luteum quality of recipients on comparison of pregnancy rate. When the cell death level of embryos according to storage time in thermos (straw container) before ET was measured by TUNEL staining, apoptotic index was increased with storage time‐dependent. These results demonstrated that long distance transfer of IVM/IVF/IVC embryos is possible and the time of embryo transport is very important for the pregnancy rate on field trial.

The techniques of IVM, IVF and IVC of canine oocytes may provide useful information for gamete salvage programs and the conservation of endangered canidae. This investigation has been made to determine the efficiency of in vitro maturation (IVM) as a basic experiment to study the development of canine oocytes after in vitro fertilization (IVF). The rate of oocytes developing to the MII stage was higher in the hormone treated group (10 IU/ml hCG+eCG, 14.7%, p<0.05) than in the control group (0 IU/ml hCG+eCG, 10.0%). The monospermy and pronuclear rates of canine oocytes were investigated after caffeine treatment on IVF. Canine oocytes were fertilized in the Fert‐TALP medium supplemented with 0, 10, 20 or 30 mM caffeine (Fert I, Fert II, Fert III or Fert IV, respectively). The highest pronuclear formation rate was obtained in the Fert I for 24 h IVF (6.7%, 6/89). Therefore, it is believed that unlike in other mammals, caffeine in canine IVF does not increase the efficiency of fertilization rate, and is not an important factor.

JAK2 V617F mutation is a common event in chronic myeloproliferative disorders. However, de novo acute myeloid leukemia with JAK2 V617F is rarely encountered. The authors report the case of a 74-year-old male with de novo acute myeloblastic leukemia without maturation (AML M1) and a JAk2 V617F heterozygotic mutation. Despite treatment with standard AML regimens, the patient died 2 months after a diagnosis of acute leukemia. This case of an AML patient with a JAK2 V617F mutation with a poor prognosis suggests that despite its rarity, a JAK2 V617F mutational study be considered for prognostic purposes in AML.

This experiment was conducted to examine the influence of four plant growth regulators on growth, photosynthesis parameters and yield of soybean. To increase dry matter accumulation of seeds, some growth regulators were applied to field grown soybean cv. Sinpaldalkong #2 as determinate type and Muhankong as indeterminate type at dense planting condition. Choline caused significant reduction of stem length, but did not increase seed yield. The number of leaf and total leaf area were showed significant increase in all the treatments, but those increased tremendously in Muhankong treated with ethrel. CO2 assimilation and water use efficiency of a single leaf were showed the highest as 17.2 molm-2s-1 and 9.3 μ mmol mol-1 treated with mepiquat in Sinpaldalkong, respectively. The Photosynthetic rate was closely related to stomatal conductance, transpiration and water use efficiency. Mepiquat treatment mainly produced positive effects on the number of pods, percent of pod setting, number of seeds per pod in two cultivars and also increased their seed yield as compared with control.

Advertisement signboards on the buildings have functionally a visual value as factor of urban and building design. But it is not easy to find any reasonable principles and regulations, how well the signboards deliver the information of stores to the customers, and how they contribute the visual amenity from the sight of urban landscape. Under this context, this study tries to analyze the information delivery power of signboards in relation to the visual cognition. The analysis method is the Two-Way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) evaluation with factors, such as scale, amount and arrangement of signboards. The scale of letters or figures at Signboards is specified in 3 different sizes such as big, medium and small. The amount is classified into 5 grades from 100% to 20% installation. And the arrangement is divided into orderly and disorderly installation. As the results of the Two-Way ANOVA, the identical scale of signboards is much better for the awareness. And the orderly arrangement shows also the same result. Above all, including these two results, the 80% of installation showed the biggest different result of awareness.

The seedlings of yacon (Polymnia sonchifolia Poeppig ＆ Endlicher), which were cuttings, plug seedling (PS), crown bud before sprouting (CBBS), crown bud after sprouting (CBAS), and divided seedling after budding (DSAB) were planted at 70~times 50 cm planting distance on ridge; that was interow spacingintrarow spacing, and about 28,500~pm 71 plants/ha. CBBS didn't need work and equipment to raise seedlings. PS and DSAB grew taller to 140.5 and 143.3cm, respectively, than others at 150 days after planting. In the changes of plant height, PS and DSAB showed taller than others during growth period, cuttings, CBBS, and CBAS grew rapidly in middle growth stage. Excepting main stem and petiole length, other characters were significant for seedling. Fresh weights were different among seedlings. Even though the yield of plants grown from CBAS and CBBS were lower with 34.7 and 36.4 ton/ha, respectively, than 3.6 ton/ha of DSAB; its yield index were over 95%, hence, those of plants grown from cutting and PS were lower with 73 and 87%, respectively. The ratio of tuberous roots over 200g to total tuberous roots per plant was the highest from DSAB. Most of tuberous roots were under 200g per tuberous root from cuttings. CBBS, CBAS, and DSAB are suitable to use seedlings for high yield of yacono. Yacon plant by DSAB much produced tuberous root of over 200g.

The viviparity of 28 rice varieties was tested at 25 days after heading(DAH), 35DAH, and 45DAH in the laboratory and field condition for 12 days. The incubation temperature was 20/l0~circC (day/night), 25/15~circC and 30/20~circC in the laboratory test, and under field water conditions in the field test. The biggest varietal difference of viviparity was found in the laboratory test when examined at 45DAH with the 6-day incubation under 25/15~circC . At this conditions the mean viviparous ratio was 32.1 % with the range of 53.9 and the variance of 259.5. In the field test, the significant varietal difference in the viviparity was also found in the lodging treatment at 45 DAH for 6 days. Correlation coefficient analysis between the field and laboratory tests was highly significant from 4 days after incubation at 45 DAH and after 6-day incubation at 35 DAH, and correlation coefficient was higher as incubation days in the laboratory and submerged days under field water became longer. Considering the correlation between the field and laboratory tests, varietal difference of viviparity and convenience of testing, the laboratory test at 45 DAH for 6-day incubation under 25/15~circC was the most efficient evaluation method for the viviparity of rice cultivar