수자원 개발이 인문 사회적 여건으로 날로 어려워짐에 따라 공급위주의 물 관리 정책이 한계에 달하고 이어 수요관리개념에 따른 적용 가능한 수자원관리 기법의 개발이 필요해지고 있다. 무효방류량을 최소화하여 한정된 물 자원 배분을 합리적으로 이룰 수 있는 실제 적용 가능한 수요관리기법은 수자원의 효율적 이용과 유역물관리 시스템의 방법론적 완성을 위해 반드시 필요하다. 본 연구는 기존의 물수지분석 기법을 댐 연계운영 모형과 조합하여 MIP 기법에 의해 이수목적

An EMERGY analysis of the main energy flows driving the economy of humans and life support systems consists of environmental energies, fuels, and imports, all expressed as solar emjoules. Total EMERGY use(720.0 E20 sej/yr) of the Nakdong River Basin is 96 per cent from imported sources, fuels and goods and services. EMERGY flows from the environment such as rain and geological uplift flux accounted for only 4 percent of total EMERGY use. Consequently, the ratio of outside investment to attracting natural resources was large, like other industrialized areas. EMERGY use per person in the Nakdong River Basin indicates a moderate EMERGY standard of living, even though the indigenous resources are very poor. Population of 6.66 million people in 1996 is already in excess of carrying capacity of the basin. Carrying capacity for steady state based on its renewable sources is only 0.226 million people. EMERGY yield ratio and environment loading ratio were 1.07 and 28.52, respectively. EMERGY sustainability index, a ratio of EMERGY yield ratio to environment loading ratio, is therefore less than one, which is indicative of highly developed consumer oriented economies. This study suggests that the economic structure of the Nakdong River Basin should be transformed from the present industrial structure to the social-economic structure based on an ecological-recycling concept for the sustainable use of the Nakdong River.

In this study, the movable bed model testing was carried out so as to analyze bed profile changes including predicting scouring and deposition of bed profile and to solve hydraulic problems affecting with bed and both-bank between upstream and downstream of intake weir in the Nakdong river channel. The movable bed model testing consists of fundamental test, movable model test and numerical analysis method respectively. The fundamental test was enforced to analyze relationship of discharge and sediment load in the tilting flume. When the movable model test was worked, it was shown that sediment budget between input sediment load and output sediment load was balanced exactly. As a result of movable model test, it was presented that scouring and deposition changes in quantities between the upstream and downstream of modification weir were less than those of nature and planning weir. Finally, numerical analysis method was operated by 1-dimensional bed profile changes model ; HEC-6 model so as to complement unsolving hard problems during movable model test. So, modification weir will be sustained the stable bed profile changes than any other weirs in the study channel.

In this study, the regional frequency analysis is used to determine each subbasin drought frequency with reliable monthly precipitation and the L-Moments method which is almost unbiased and has very nearly a normal distribution is used for the parameter estimation of monthly precipitation time series in Nakdong river basin. As the result of this study, the duration of '93-'94 is most severe drought year than any other water year and the drought frequency is established as compared the regional frequency analysis result of cumulative precipitation of 12th duration months in each subbasin with that of 12th duration months in the major drought duration. The Linear regression equation is induced according to linear regression analysis of drought frequency between Nakdong total basin and each subbasin of the same drought duration. Therefore, as the foundation of this study, it can be applied proposed method and procedure of this study to the water budget analysis considering safety standards for the design of impounding facilities large-scale river basin and for this purpose, above all, it is considered that expansion of reliable preciptation data is needed in watershed rainfall station.

The relationship between primary productivity and changes in water quality was investigated at Mulgum station, a site downstream of the Nakdong River, Korea. Phytoplankton production was characterized by blooms of Microcystis aeruginosa during the summer and Stephanodiscus hantzschii during the winter. Primary production and secondary production by bacterioplankton ranged from 1.5∼53.5㎎·C/ℓ'day and 0.1∼0.3 ㎎·C/ℓ'day, respectively. Distribution of total organic carbon appeared to be highly correlated with phytoplankton biomass, especially during blooms of M. aeruginosa, when particulate organic carbon was 81% of total organic carbon and the main source of organic materials supplied into the water. The correlation coefficient between chlorophyll-a and BOD was 0.86. Thus it was concluded that autochthonous phytoplankton mostly affected the BOD level. Total bacterial numbers were also highly correlated with chlorophyll-a (r2=0.84) and the bacterial community appears to be regulated by phytoplankton biomass in this area.

낙동강 유역의 용수수급 불균형을 해결하기 위한 한 대안으로서 한강과 낙동강 유역을 서로 연계하여 한강에서 낙동강 유역으로의 물이동 가능성을 검토하였다. 검토방법으로는 낙동강 유역의 용수부족량을 추정한 뒤 한강 유역에서의 여유량을 모의기법과 최적화기법을 사용하여 추정하였다. 모의기법으로는 HEC-5를 사용하여 중,소규모댐을 검토하고, 최종적으로 동적계획법을 사용하여 다목적댐에 대하여 검토하였다. 또한, 경제적 측면에서 한강-낙동강 유역간 물이동과 낙동강

본 연구의 목적은 낙동강 하류부의 감조구간에 대하여 실시간 홍수예보를 위한 수리학적 홍수추적 모형의 적용성을 검토하고 홍수시 감조구간내의 주요 홍수 예보지점에 대한 조위의 영향을 분석하는 것이다. 또한 모형의검증을 위하여 부정류 해석법에 의하여 하도구간별, 유량규모별 최적 조도계수를 추정하였으며 추정된 최적 조도계수를 적용한 부정류 해석 결과가 관측 수위수문곡선의 전반적인 형태를 매우 잘 재현하는 것으로 나타났다.

This study was conducted to evaluate water quality utilizing principal component analysis in the Nakdong River Estuary. From the results of analysis, water quality in the Nakdong River Estuary could be explained up to 65.3 percentage by three factors which were included in river loading(wastes from the Nakdong River and rainfalls ; 39.1%), sediment resuspension(13.7%) and metabolism(12.5%). In the eastern part of estuary in flowing the Nakdong River, river loading factor score(factor 1)was higher than that in western part. Sediment resuspension factor score(factor 2) was high in shallow water, while metabolism factor score(factor 3) was high in deeper water. For seasonal variations of factors score, factor 1 was highly related to rainfall season.

낙동강 유역의 저수유출 해석을 위해 IS(integrated snowband) 유역모형이 포함된 SSARR 모형을 적용하였다. IS유역모형은 증발산, 침투 및 장기회귀 지하수 추적기능이 추가된 최신 버전으로서 연물수지분석에 관한 정보가 출력되며 대화식 구동방식인 IA(interactive)방식도 내재되어 있다. 고수시와 저수시 민감한 매개변수를 민감도 분석결과 도출할 수 있었고, 이를 토대로 모형의 보정이 이루어졌다. 7개 제어지점에서 유량의 관측치와

This study was performed to investigate the riverbed structure and the pollution type in Nakdong River, Western Nakdong River, and Suyoung Stream. Sediment and water samples were collected at 15 in Nakdong River, 7 in Western Nakdong River, and 8 sites in Suyoung Stream from February 20, 1997 to June 15, 1997. The depth distributions of sampling sites in the three streams were measured and heavy metals(Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu) and pesticides in sediments and COD, BOD, and total nitrogen(T-N) in water samples were analyzed. The deepest and the shallowest sites were site 11(11.58m) and 9(3.35m) in Nakdong River, site 7(6.25m) and 4(2.06m) in Western Nakdong River, and site 8(2.89m) and 1(0.61m) in Suyoung Stream, respectively. The mean concentration of Cd(45.79ppm) was higher in the sediment of Western Nakdong River than in other two streams and those of Pb(76.25ppm), Cr(48.13ppm), and Cu(77.50ppm) were higher in the sediment of Suyoung Stream than in other two streams. Pesticides(1 kind of organophosphonis and 3 kinds of organochlorine pesticide) were detected only in the sediment of Western Nakdong River. The mean concentrations of COD(20.26ppm), BOD(25.36ppm), and T-N(18.05ppm) were higher in the water sample of Suyoung Stream than in other two streams.

낙동강 유역에서 수질예보시스템의 개발을 위해서 신뢰도해석 기법에 기초한 QUAL2E-AFOSM모형을 개발하였다. 왜관∼물금 구간에 대해 수리학적 부등류 해석을 실시하였고, 최적의 반응계수 추정을 위해 BFGS 기법을 사용하여 최적화 해석을 실시하였으며, 이를 기초로 하여 모형의 보정과 검증을 실시하였다. 추계학적 해석을 위하여 AFSOM 기법을 적용한 신뢰도 해석을 수행하였다. 상류단과 주요 지류에서의 수질, 유량과 반응계수에 대한 변동성을 고려하였다.

본 연구에서는 낙동강유역 진동, 현풍, 왜관 지점의 연평균 유량자료에 대하여 다변량 추계학적 모형올 적용하여 가뭄특성을 해석하였다. 추계학적 모형으로는 다변량 자기회귀 (MAR) 모형과 다변량 contemporaneous 자기회귀 (MCAR) 모형올 사용하였으며, 잔차계열의 왜곡도 검사, 계열상관도(correlogram) 등의 적합도 검정을 통하여 MCAR(1) 모형과 MAR(1) 모형올 적정 모형으로 선정하였다. 또한 MCAR(1) 모형과 MAR(1)

We investigated concentrations of heavy metals(Cr, Cd, Zn, Fe, Pb, Cu, and Mn) and correlations between concentrations of heavy metals in the sediment, soil, weeds, and vegetables on the lower Nakdong river. Concentrations of heavy metals on the lower Milyang river was generally lower than those of other sampling area. In the soil, concentration of Pb is generally larger than that of other heavy metals. Generally, concentrations of heavy metals in the sediment show decreasing tendency as the sampling area moves toward downstream of the river, but those of in the soil and weeds show increasing tendency. There is no significant correlation between concentration of heavy metals in the soil-sediment, soil-vegetables, sediment-weeds, or vegetables-weeds. Only concentrations of Pb in the vegetables and those of in the weeds show very high correlation.

This study was performed to investigate the relationship between concentrations of heavy metals in sediment and the depths of 27 sampling sites along the West Nakdong river in downstream of Nakdong River. The deepest site was Kangdong bridge nearby 20ft. From here, the depth was shallowed to Chidong gradually. In each site the smaller mesh was, the higer concentration of heavy metal becomed. Concentration of Zn, Cd, Cr and Cu at inflow point of Shinoe stream was 576.016 ppm, 262.307 ppm, 68.674 ppm and 61.634 ppm, respectively, the concentration was the higest at this point. From here, it was lowered gradually. The concentration of heavy metal at inflow point of Joman river was 155.328 ppm, 56.485 ppm, 25.200 ppm and 31.172 ppm, respectively, those concentrations were higer than other points with the exception of Shinoe stream. Therefore, Joman river and Shinoe stream were the major source of pollution in West Nakdong river. Among two sources Shinoe stream was more important source of pollution. West Nakdong river has become lake by Noksan floodgate because it`s pollution has had influence on Bonglim.

The increase of population and industrial activities had brought into eutrophication in the Nakdong river. A remarkable acceleration of eutrophication brought about serious problems for water supply. Therefore, for the purpose of conservation of water quality in the Nakdong river it is necessary to control nutrients. MBOD method was used to evaluate algal growth limiting factor and algal growth potential in the Nakdong river from June to August 1994. The modified biochemical oxygen demand(MBOD) depends on the amount of available inorganic nutrient and organic substrate during 5 day incubation in the dark at 20℃. The MBOD assay depends on inorganic nutrients such as P and N as well as reduced carbon and called the MBOD, the MBOD-P, and the MBOD-N, respectively. The results of bioassay by MBOD(Modified BOD) method showed that the MBOD, MBOD-P and MBOD-N value were found to be in the ranges of 3.8∼96.0 ㎎O_2/ℓ, 5.6∼94.0 ㎎O_2/ℓand 42.0∼220 ㎎O_2/ℓ, respectively. And the the bioassay value was found to be the highest in Koryong area and the lowest in Waekwan area throughout the Nakdong river. The variations of MBOD-P and MBOD-N value showed similar tendencies to the variations of phosphorus and nitrogen value, respectively. By MBOD method, the relationships of MBOD, MBOD-P and MBOD-N value were MBOD ≒ MBOD-P ≪ MBOD-N. The MBOD value was nearly equal to the MBOD-P value, and the MBOD-N value was 3 to 20 times more than the MBOD-P value, approximately. Therefore, in the Nakdong river, phosphorus was the limiting factor for algal growth during summer season. The algal growth potential as the concentration of chlorophyll-a in the summer was maximum 5 times more than standing crop as it.

Phosphorus and nitrogen loadings from the main tributaries into the Nakdong River were estimated by measuring phosphorus and nitrogen concentration in the main tributaries, Nakdong River(Kangjung), Kumho River, Heichun, Hwang River, Nam River, Milyang River, and Yangsanchun from May 1994 to October. Total phosphorus concentration of Kumho River was vary high, average 1.0 ㎎P/ℓ. The other rivers were the range 0.05∼0.15 ㎎P/ℓ. Total nitrogen concentration of Kumho River was vary high, average 6.27 ㎎N/ℓ. The other rivers were the range 1.5∼3.0 ㎎N/ℓ. The phosphorus loading from Kumho River, Nakdong River(Kangjung), Nam River, Milyang River, Hwang River, Yangsanchun, and Heichun were calculated to be 1,108, 603, 198, 57, 34, 23, and 21 tP/yr, respectively. Therefore, the loading from Kumho River accounted for 45 % of total loading, 2,042 tP/yr. The nitrogen loading from Nakdong River (Kangjung), Kumho River, Nam River, Milyang River, Hwang River, Heichun, and Yangsanchun were calculated to be 12,636, 7,411, 2,611, 1,523, 779, 608, and 391 tN/yr, respectively. Therefore, the loading from Nakdong River(Kangjung) and Kumho River accounted for 50 % and 30% of total loading, 25,959 tN/yr, respectively.

This study was performed to evaluate the contents of heavy metals in water, sediment and soil of the 7 different sampling points along the West Nakdong river. The results were as follows: the concentrations of Zn, P, Pb, Cd, Mn, Cu and As in the sediment were 197.48, 551.85, 67.01, 2.54, 491.39, 42.95 and 10.52ppm,respectively. The concentrations of Zn, F, Pb, Cd, Mn, Cu and As in the soil was 83.32, 482.89, 17.15, 1.02, 226.02, 26.15 and 7.29ppm, respectively, The concentration ratios of heavy metals in the water to the sediment were 593 - 12700 (Cd >> Cu > Zn > Mn > As > Pb) and that of the water to the soil were 152 - 5100 (Cu > Cd > Zn > Mn > As >Pb). The correlation coefficients of Cu and Pb were high among the water, sediment and soil. Because the accumulation amounts of heavy metal in the sediment were high, the concentration of heavy metals in the sediment was higher than in soil. The correlation coefficient of heavy metals among water, sediment and soil was high (0.79 - 0.95).