본 연구에서는 금강 부여취수구를 중심으로 한 금강본류의 상하류에 대한 수리적 특성 및 유사론적 특성을 파악하기 위하여 1차원 및 준2차원 수치해석적 유사모의 분석을 실시하였다. 1차원 유사이동 수치모형 모의분석은 HEC-6를 사용하였으며 준2차원 유사이동 수치모형 모의분석은 GSTARS를 이용하여 1988년부터 1996년까지에 대한 유사이동 수치모형 모의분석을 실시하여 프로그램의 현장 적용가능성을 분석한 후 1988년부터 2001년까지에 대한 예측을 통

This study is aimed at the development of the adequate sediment yield formulas in Wi-Stream basin ; IHP representative basin in Korea. As a result of applying outstanding sediment yield formulas among the existing formulas. It is analyzed that including the Engelund & Hansen formula, Yang formula is proper to the Wi-Stream basin. And as a result of sensitivity analysis to the sediment parameters it is analyzed that Rijn and Ackers & White formula is more sensible than any other formulas which has been applied the velocity and depth among the parameters. Also, Engelund & Hansen and Yang formula is less sensible than any other formulas. In Wi-Stream basin, it is analyzed that Yang and Engelund & Hansen formula is the most suitable sediment yield formula in this study. But because the existing formulas had been developed in foreign countries and applied the foreign natural rivers and reservoirs, it makes careful use of Korean alluvial river and hoped that it will be developed the most adequate formula in Wi-Stream basin.

본 논문에서는 수심적분 2차원 모형을 하나 소개하고, 이 모형이 가질 수 있는 오차의 한계를 민감도분석을 통해 제시하였다. 민감도 분석 결과, Manning 조도계수, 혼합계수, 침강속도, 한계전단력 등이 부유사농도에 대해 모형에 미치는 영향은 매우 크게 나타났으며, 조위와 확산계수의 영향은 거의 없는 것으로 나타났다.

A total of 24 surface sediment samples collected from coastal region and fronting of sea cliff on Cape Cod in southeastern Massachusetts, were analyzed to investigate the sediment transport mechanism. According to the result of grain-size analysis, the overall trend of grain size decreases from the north(Wood End Beach) to the south(Nauset Light Beach). The coarser materials tend to be deposited at the foreshore than at the backshore. Especially gravel content(%) is very high in northern beaches. The gravel fraction tended to concentrate at the toe of the beach. In addition to gravel, the beach and nearshore bar also tended to be deposite of very coarse sand and the finer fraction accumulate in the offshore bar. Grain-size analyses of sediment indicates that the coarsest sands including gravel accumulate in the beach and nearshore bar, the finer fraction winnowed out by wave action to be deposited in the offshore bar. The beach and nearshore bar sands and gravel are subsequently transported laterally by the wave-driven longshore drift, and finally they come to rest in the distal end of Provincetown Hook. The finer offshore sands are trnasported laterally to the south by net southward-directed longshore current.

The objective of this study is to supply basic data for large reservoir sedimentation research in future and make suggestions to maintain and operate the reservoir more efficiently. At first, previous studies about the estimation of sediment yield rate were reviewed in Korea. And the discharge rating curves of upstream stage gauging stations and the correlation between dam inflow and stage discharge were analyzed. With the analysis results, the specific sediment rate of Soyanggang dam was estimated as 608 ^m3/㎢/yr It was similar to that of Soyanggang dam feasibility study and 1994`s field surveys of the reservoir than that of 1983`s field surveys. Because the sediment rating curves were derived under the low discharge conditions, it needs to be checked under the flood conditions. However, the suggested methods such as flowrate analysis and sediment estimation will be useful to the sediment studies in future.

본 연구에서는 (1) 운동과 이론에 기초한 강우, 유출 특성을 파악하고, (2) 강우 및 유수에 의해서 발생하는 침식, 퇴적량을 산정하는 모형을 연구하며, (3) 유사량 산정식, 유역의 불할 수 등이 하상변동 예측에 미치는 영향을 분석하고, (4) 평창강 유역에서 하도자료, 강우, 유츨량, 유사량 등을 실측하여 모형의 적용성을 검증하였다. 운동파 방정식을 평창강 유역에 적용하여 유출해석을 실시한 결과, 첨두 유량의 발생시간은 다소 빠르게 계산되었으나 전

멱 유속 분포를 구하기 위해 개정 Prandtl 혼합 거리 이론이 이용되었으며, 여기에서 사용된 지수값의 범위는 1/4~1/7이었다. 이 개정된 유속분포를 이용하여 간단한 부유사 농도 분포식을 개발하였다. 미국 지질조사국이 리오그란데강에서 실측한 자료와 명목값인 =1.0, =0.4, 그리고 가시관에 의해 얻어진 침강속도를 이용한 개정 농도식 계산결과와 실측지와의 비교는 양호한 편이었으며, 지수에 임의로 두배를 해주었을 경우에는 좋은 결과를 보였다. 적당

We investigated concentrations of heavy metals(Cr, Cd, Zn, Fe, Pb, Cu, and Mn) and correlations between concentrations of heavy metals in the sediment, soil, weeds, and vegetables on the lower Nakdong river. Concentrations of heavy metals on the lower Milyang river was generally lower than those of other sampling area. In the soil, concentration of Pb is generally larger than that of other heavy metals. Generally, concentrations of heavy metals in the sediment show decreasing tendency as the sampling area moves toward downstream of the river, but those of in the soil and weeds show increasing tendency. There is no significant correlation between concentration of heavy metals in the soil-sediment, soil-vegetables, sediment-weeds, or vegetables-weeds. Only concentrations of Pb in the vegetables and those of in the weeds show very high correlation.

The sediment in the highly contaminated Gamjeon brook was collected, mixed with the raw material of the tile, and then the commercial tile was produced using the mixture. The concentrations of the heavy metals in the mixture-before and after the tile was produced-were analyzed and the effects of the acid solution on the produced file were examined. The production of the tiles was successful and the result of heavy metal analysis showed that the concentration of Fe was the highest and that of Cd was the lowest The amount of heavy metal in the sediment - the raw material of the tile mixture was more than that of the produced tile. The elution concentration of the heavy metal by the acid solution(pH = 4 - 7) was low and the quality of the produced tile was better than the commercial tile. The result of this study suggested that the contaminated sediment was removed to produce good tiles, therefore the water pollution and soil pollution were reduced.

In the Chinhae Bay, Korea, sedimentation rates and sedimentary record of anthropogenic metal loads were determined by ^210Pb dating and heavy metal analysis of four sediment cores. The sedimentation rates varied from 0.16g/㎠/yr(3.1㎜/yr) at Sta. C4, located within narrow waterway to 0.24g/㎠/yr(4.8㎜/yr) at Sta. C1, located in Haengam Bay. Maximum contents of Mn, Zn, Cu and Cr were observed at Sta. C2 located near the mouth of Masan Bay, while minimum contents were observed at Sta. C4. Mn/Fe ratios at Sta. C2 and Sta. C4 showed gradually increasing and decreasing downward, respectively, in the upper layer of sediment cores. This suggests that Mn may be diagenetically redistributed in highly reduced environment. At Sta. C2, the concentrations of Zn and Cu began to increase from 1920s by anthropogenic input and have been remarkablely increasing since mid 1960s. At Sta. C3, located near Sungpo, anthropogenic input of these two elements has also slightly increased after 1970s. However, pollution of these two elements was not significant in Haengam Bay(Sta. C1) and Chiljun waterway(Sta. C4). The pollution of Co, Ni and Cr was not remarkable in all core samples except surface sediment of Sta. C2. The total input of anthropogenic Zn and Cu since 1920s was estimated to be 28∼792 ㎍/㎠ and 0∼168㎍/㎠, respectively. Sta. C2 showed remarkablely higher values relative to other stations: anthropogenic loads of Zn and Cu constituted 27% and 29% of the total sedimentary inventories at the present day, respectively. Fe, Ni, Cr and Co contents showed good correlation(r>0.8) with each other. Anthropogenic Zn and Cu also showed a very good positive correlation(>0.9). However, correlation between these two group of element was quite scattered, indicating different sources and geochemical behaviors.

This study was performed to evaluate the contents of heavy metals in water, sediment and soil of the 7 different sampling points along the West Nakdong river. The results were as follows: the concentrations of Zn, P, Pb, Cd, Mn, Cu and As in the sediment were 197.48, 551.85, 67.01, 2.54, 491.39, 42.95 and 10.52ppm,respectively. The concentrations of Zn, F, Pb, Cd, Mn, Cu and As in the soil was 83.32, 482.89, 17.15, 1.02, 226.02, 26.15 and 7.29ppm, respectively, The concentration ratios of heavy metals in the water to the sediment were 593 - 12700 (Cd >> Cu > Zn > Mn > As > Pb) and that of the water to the soil were 152 - 5100 (Cu > Cd > Zn > Mn > As >Pb). The correlation coefficients of Cu and Pb were high among the water, sediment and soil. Because the accumulation amounts of heavy metal in the sediment were high, the concentration of heavy metals in the sediment was higher than in soil. The correlation coefficient of heavy metals among water, sediment and soil was high (0.79 - 0.95).

The problem of supply and transport of sediment from a mountainous catchment is very important in explaining dynamic geomorphology and the hydrological cycle. The discharge of suspended sediment is determined by a morphological system. Human interference to environment is also an important, not negligible factor in sediment production. Moreover, growing concern in recent years for the problems of nonpoint pollution and for the transport of contaminants through terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem,; has highlighted the role of sediment-associated transport in fluvial systems. This study was conducted in forested and quarried catchments in order to clarify the different discharge process and the mechanism of suspended sediment dynamics for each catchment. As a forested catchment, the Yamaguchi River catchment which drains a 3.12 ㎢ area was chosen. On the other hand, the Futagami River basin, which is formed by three subbasins (1.07, 1.59 and 1.78 ㎢), as a quarried catchment was selected. These catchments are situated to the north and east of Mt. Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. The discharge pattern of suspended sediment from the Futagami River basin is more unstable and irregular than that from forested catchment, the Yamaguchi River catchment. Under the similar rainstorm conditions, suspended sediment concentration from quarried catchment during a rainstorm event increases from 43 to 27,310㎎/l. However, in the case of the forested catchment it changes only from nearly zero to 274 ㎎/l. Generally, the supply source of suspended sediment is classified into two areas, the in-channel and non-channel source areas. As a result of field measurements, in the case of the forested catchment the in-channel (channel bed, channel bank and channel margin) is the main source area of suspended sediment. On the other hand, remarkable sediment source area on the quarried catchmen, is the non-channel that is unvegetated ground.

Shingal reservoir is a relatively small (211ha) and shallow impoundment, and approximately 25 ha of its sediment is exposed after spring drawdown. At least 14 vascular plant species germinate on the exposed sediment, but Persicaria vulgaris Webb et Moq. quickly dominates the vegetation. In order to estimate the role of the vegetation in the dynamics of heavy metal pollutants in the reservoir, Cu concentration of water, fallout particles, exposed sediment, and tissues of P. vulgaris, was analyzed. Cu content in reservoir water decreased from 13.10㎎/㎡ on May 15 (before drawdown) to 3.08㎎/㎡ in June 1 (after drawdown), mainly due to the lowering of water level. Average atmospheric deposition of Cu by fallout particles was 10.84 μ g/㎡/day. Cu content in the surface 15㎝ of exposed sediment decreased from 5.094g/㎡ right after drawdown, to 0.530g/㎡ in 41 days, which is a 89.6% decrease. Therefore up to 99.7% of Cu in the reservoir appears to exist in the sediment, only 0.3% in water. If the rate of atmospheric input by fallout particles is assumed to have been the same since 1958, when the reservoir was completed, cumulative input of Cu during the 38 years would have been 150.35㎎/㎡, which is only 3.0% of Cu content in sediment right after drawdown. Therefore, most of Cu in the Shingal reservoir must have been transported by the Shingal-chun flowing into the reservoir. Standing crop of vegetation on the exposed sediment 41 days after drawdown was 730.67g/㎡, of which 630.91g/㎡ was P. vulgaris alone, and Cu content in P. vulgaris at this time was 6.612㎎/㎡. This was only 0.13% of Cu in the exposed sediment, but was 50.5% of Cu in water before drawdown, or 167% of the average annual input of Cu by atmospheric deposition. If other plants were assumed to absorb Cu to the same concentration as P. vulgaris, total amount of Cu absorbed in 41 days by vegetation on the exposed sediment is estimated to be 1913.3 g, which is a considerable contribution to the purification of the reservoir water.

Selective extraction procedure has been used to quantify copper and cadmium in association with the various phases of aquatic sediment such as exchangeable/adsorbed, carbonate, manganese oxides, organic matter and iron oxides. Changes of pH influenced on the partitioning of copper in carbonate and exchangeable/adsorbed phases and of cadmium in carbonate phase of aquatic sediment. Addition of NTA and EDTA, copper and cadmium associated with carbonate phase were released from sediment to water. Total partitioning coefficient was 8.361 for copper and 0.497 for cadmium. The relative binding strengths of copper and cadmium to each solid phase can be ranked by using the partitioning coefficints. For copper it was observed that carbonate > organic matter > exchangeable/adsorbed > manganese oxides > iron oxides and for cadmium it was observed that exchangeable/adsorbed > carbonate > manganese oxides > organic matter > iron oxides.

In order to predict the distribution of chemical species of copper and cadmium in water, conditional stability constant and complexation capacity between copper or cadmium and natural aquatic sediment have been determined in a shallow lake in Haman, Kyungnam. Kinetic parameters were calculated by Langmuir isotherm equation. Conditional stability constant was log K_cdses=4.78 and log K_cdsed=4.45. Complexation capacity was 1.70×10 exp (-4) moles/g for copper and 5.54×10 exp (-4) moles/g for cadmium. Accuracy of experimental values of conditional stability constant was checked by comparing the calculated concentration of the metals with the measured one. Relatively good agreement between these values was obtained. Relative errors were 8.9% for copper and 6.5% for cadmium. Data of the measured conditional stability constant were put into data base of MINEQL computer program, and concentration of various chemical species of copper and cadmium in a model aquatic system was calculated. Aquatic sediment was associated with copper at the concentration of 10^-5M(0.059g/ℓ) and with cadmium at the concentration of 10^-6M(0.018g/ℓ), and it significantly influenced on the distribution of chemical species of the metals. This result showed that prediction of chemical species of the heavy metals in an aquatic system should be taken into account the influence of the sediment.