본 연구에서는 천이상태의 비포화 오염원 이송확산 특성을 분석하기 위하여 토양의 물리, 화확적 특성을 알고 있는 두 종류의 현장토양(SUS,KUS)을 이용하여 1차원 실내실험을 수행하였는데, 천이상태의 토양내 함수량과 오염원의 농도를 측정하기 위하여 본 연구에서 개발한 TDR을 이용한 농도측정법을 이용하였으며, 질량평형을 이용하여 측정방법의 정도도 분석하였다. 실험결과에 의하면 급격한 습윤전선의 전진에 따른 종형의 함수량 변화를 관측할 수 있었고, 이때

본 연구에서는 TDR의 반향파의 특성과 총토양전기전도도의 관계를 이용한 비포화 토양에서의 용존오염원 농도를 측정하는 방법을 개발하였다. 본 연구에서 제안한 방법은 두 가지 중요한 관계를 결합한 것으로 첫 번째는 함수량이 일정할 경우 전기전도도와 토양수 농도는 선형관계를 유지한다는 것이며, 두 번째는 천이상태의 용존여염원의 농도를 측정할 수 있게 하기 위해 함수량과 전기전도도의 관계를 설정하는 것이다. 함수량과 전기전도도의 관계를 추정하는 식들이 여러 연

Pollution characteristics of leachate and underground soil of the two landfill sites were investigated. Domestic wastes were dumped in the two adjacent landfill sites. Only small portion of S landfill site was filled with domestic wastes at the first stage of dumping, and most portion of the site was filled with construction wastes. However Y landfill site was filled with mostly domestic wastes. Higher concentrations of organic pollutants including VOCs were measured in Y landfill site leachate than in S landfill site. Underground soils of the two landfill sites were analyzed by the two kinds of leaching methods, KEP (Korean Extraction process) and Acid Digestion. Underground soils of the both landfill sites were not polluted by leachates. Underground soils of the two were composed of fine silty material. Thus it is found that fine silty soil layer of the sea shore may be used as a landfill site.

Environmental problems caused by certain geologic conditions include pollution of soil by heavy metal, acidization of soils, acid mine drainage, ground-water pollution, and natural radioactivity, as well as geological hazards such as landslide and subsidence. The acid mine drainage contains large amount of heavy metals and, therefore, cause serious pollution onto the nearby drainage systems and soils. In spite of this prospective environmental danger, few studies have been done on the acid mine drainage derived from non-metallic ore deposits such as pyrophyllite(Napseok) deposits. The sulfide-bearing pyrophyllite ores, alteration zones, and mine tailings of pyrophyllite deposits produce acid mine drainage by the oxidation of weathering. Compared to the fresh host rocks, the ores and altered rocks of pyrophyllite deposits produce acidic solution which contain higher amount of heavy metals because of their lower buffering capacity to acid solution. The pHs of mine water and nearby stream water of pyrophyllite deposits are 2.1∼3.7, which are strongly acidic and much lower than that (6.2∼7.2) of upstream water and than that (6.8∼7.6) of the stream water derived from the non-mineralized area. This study reveals that this acid mine drainage can affect the downstream area which is 8km far from the pyrophyllite deposits, even though the drainage is diluted with abundant non-contaminated river water. This suggests that not only acid mine drainage but also the sulfide-bearing sediments originated from the pyrophyllite deposits move downstream and form acidic water through continuous oxidation reaction. The heavy metals such as Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, Ni, Mn and Fe are enriched in the mine water of low pH, and their contents decrease as the pH of mine water increases because of the influx of fresh stream water. Soils of the pyrophyllite deposits are characterized by high contents of heavy metals. The stream sediments containing the yellowish brown precipitates formed by neutralization of acid mine drainage occur in all parts of the stream derived from the pyrophyllite deposits, and the sediments also contain high amounts of heavy metals. In summary, the acid mine drainage of the pyrophyllite deposits is located in the upstream part of Hoidong water reservoir in Pusan contains large amounts of heavy metals and flows into the Hoidong water reservoir without any purification process. To protect the water of Hoidong reservoir, the acid mine drainage should be treated with a proper purification process.

The Janghang smelter is the first lead, zinc and copper smelting facility in Korea which was operated for a half century from 1936 to 1989. The clay minerals and their heavy metal association in the soil profile around the smelter have been studied using XRD, EPMA, SEM-EDS, TEM, EPR and sequential extraction techniques. The soils in A horizon are highly acidic showing pH 4.45. The pH is going up with increasing depth. They have residual water contents of 1.18-1.51 wt%, loss on ignition of 6.32-7.79 wt%, and carbon contents of 0.08-0.88 wt%. Soils consist of quartz, feldspar, muscovite, kaolinite, vermiculite, biotite, chlorite, goethite and hematite in the decreasing abundance. The contents of clay minerals, especially vermiculite and chlorite, decrease with increasing depth. Sequential extraction experiments for the profile samples show that heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd) are highly concentrated in the A horizon of the soil profile as water-extractable (mostly amorphous), MgCl2-extractable (exchangeable in clay minerals), and organic phases. The heavy metal contents decrease with increasing depth. It suggests that the heavy metals are mainly associate with clay minerlas in an exchangeable state. It is also noted that heavy metals are highly concentrated in the manganese and iron oxide phases.

The present study was performed to elucidate the distribution of protozoans according to the actual conditions of soil pollution around Ulsan industrial complexes, Korea. Samples were collected from the top-soils of 13 localities in eight times during the period from 16 April 1994 to 14 January 1995. As a result of this study, total 11 species of hypotrichous ciliated protozoa were identified and analyzed. These hypotrichs are 6 species of stichotrichine hyporichs (Keronopsis sp., Pseudourostyla sp., Holosticha sylvatica, Holosticha multistylata, Holosticha sp. and Paruroleptus sp.) and 5 species of sporadotrichine hypotrichs (Oxytricha sp., Steinia sp., Histriculus cavicola, Hemisincirra sp. and Gonostomum of affine). Of these 11 species, 4 species (Keronopsis sp., Pseudourostyla sp., Holosticha sp. and Hemisincirra sp.) are reported for the first time from Korea. All the sampling localities could be grouped in three zones by the cluster analysis with the abundance and distribution of protozoans. This result is approximately coincide with the zonation by the concentration of heavy metals.