이 연구의 목적은 한국 천문 유산인 앙부일구와 고대 천문 기록을 활용한 과학 교육 프로그램을 개발하고, 시범 적용을 통해 활용 가능성을 탐색하는 것이다. 앙부일구와 고대 천문 기록의 TSK 구성적 특성, 과학 교육과정과의 연계성, NOS와의 연계성을 고려하여 앙부일구는 초등학생을 위한 핸즈온 활동으로, 고대 천문 기록은 중·고등학생을 위한 과학 탐구 활동으로 개발했다. 개발된 프로그램을 초등과 고등 집단에게 시범 적용하여 활용 가능성을 확인했다. 앙부 일구 활동을 통해 학생들은 절기별 태양 운동에 대한 오개념을 수정하며 개념 지식을 정교화했고, 이후 천구 좌표계 개념과의 연계 가능성을 확인했다. 학생들은 앙부일구의 과학적 가치를 인식했으며, 과학·기술·사회 간 상호작용의 본성을 이해했다. 고대 천문 기록 활동에서 학생들은 귀납 및 연역적 탐구 방법을 경험했고, 다양한 정보와 전략을 활용 했다. 활동을 통해 학생들은 TSK에 대한 과학적 이해와 태도를 발전시켰다.

Astronomy is one of the recurrent comtemporary issues in the mass media where news related to comets, new exoplanets, satellites, space tests, etc., frequently appear. From this perspective, students at all levels are especially motivated to learn astronomy. Nevertheless, students’ interest does not improve their astronomical knowledge, which leads students’ difficulty in understanding astronomy in school science. In this context, we felt the need to review astronomy education research trends in domestic and other countries, especially focused on the education programs. The purpose of this study is to analyze and compare the program characteristics during last three decades. The total number of analyzed cases is 88(89 for double counting). As a result, we found different characteristics of program types and learning methods between Korea and other countries. Based on the results of this study, we suggested the direction to improve the astronomy education in Korea.

Korea has numerous astronomical resources, such as observational records, star maps, and a wealth of literature, covering the period from the Three Kingdoms (54 BC - 932 AD) to the Joseon Dynasty (1392 - 1910 AD). The research activities related to these resources have been limited to those by individual researchers. It is now necessary to conduct research by efficiently and systematically collecting and managing Korean astronomical records using an accessible Web environment. The purpose of this study is to complete a system that enables researchers systematically to collect and verify a large number of historical records related to astronomical phenomena in a Web environment. In 2017, a preliminary survey was conducted, and the requirements pertaining to an implementation target system were devised. In addition, a joint development plan was carried out by the developer, lasting three months in 2018. Although the system is relatively simple, it is the first system to be attempted in the historical astronomy field. In order to proceed with the systematic development, the software development methodology is applied to the entire process from deriving the requirements of researchers to completing the system. The completed system is verified through integrated function and performance tests. The functional test is repeated while modifying and testing the system based on various test scenarios. The performance test uses a performance measurement test tool that takes measurements by setting up a virtual operation environment. The developed system is now in normal operation after a one-year trial period. Researchers who become authorized to use the system can use it to verify the accuracy of data and to suggest improvements. The collected feedback will be reflected in future systems, and Korean astronomical records will be available for use internationally through a multilingual service.

We have investigated the North Korean astronomical articles published in five media such as the Rodong Sinmun (노동신문), Minju Choson (민주조선), Tongil Sinbo (통일신보), Munhak Sinmun (문학신 문), and Choson Sinbo (조선신보) for 15 years from 2005 to 2019. The astronomical articles were classified by subject to study the astronomical activity in North Korea. We have examined the perceptions of astronomy in North Korean society through the temporal variation of astronomical articles according to four subjects. As a result, we have found that there are many articles in the subject of Historical Astronomy and Astronomical News in the media. In the era of Kim Jong-un, the articles on the Historical Astronomy decreased while the Astronomy news tended to increase. We have also summarized the specific issues and topics including the change of the standard meridian, launch of satellites, astronomical news, and so forth. The North Korean astronomical article is a valuable resource to examine the current status of North Korea's astronomy and astronomical education. We expect the results of this study to be a useful resource in preparing for inter-Korean astronomical cooperation.

The Korean Astronomical Society (KAS) Education & Public Outreach Committee has provided education services for children and school teachers in Cambodia over the past three years from 2016 to 2018. In the first year, 2016, one KAS member visited Pusat to teach astronomy to about 50 children, and in the following two years of 2017 and 2018, three and six KAS members, respectively, executed education workshops for ∼ 20 (per each year) local school teachers in Sisophon. It turned out that it is desirable to include both teaching of astronomical knowledge and making experiments and observations in the education in order for the program to be more effective. Language barrier was the main obstacle in conveying concepts and knowledge, and having a good interpreter was very important. It happens that some languages, such as the Khmer of Cambodia, do not have astronomical terminologies, so that lecturers and even the education participants together are needed to communicate and create appropriate words. Handout hardcopies of the education materials (presentation files, lecture/experiment summaries, terminologies, etc.) are extremely helpful for the participants. Actual performing of assembling and using astronomical telescopes for night sky observations has been lifetime experience for some of the participants, which might promote zeal for knowledge and education. It is hoped that these education services for developing countries like Cambodia can be regularly continued in the future, and further extended to other countries such as Laos and Myanmar.

이 연구의 목적은 천문학적 사고를 반영한 과학관 천문교육 프로그램을 개발하고, 그 프로그램이 고등학생들의 천문학적 사고 능력의 향상에 미치는 효과를 확인하는 것이다. 문헌 연구를 통해 천문학적 사고의 구성 요소를 선정한 후 사고력 학습 발달 모형을 응용하여 시연과 관찰, 문제 제시와 사고 활동, 지원과 모둠 토의, 시연과 평가의 네 단계로 구성된 천문교육 프로그램을 개발하였다. 이 프로그램의 효과를 검증하기 위하여 실험군과 대조군의 사전, 사후 검사에 대해 공변량 분석을 실시하였고, 프로그램을 이용한 교수·학습 활동의 사전과 사후에 학생들의 수준 변화를 살펴 보았다. 연구 결과, 천문학적 사고를 반영한 과학관 천문교육 프로그램은 학생들의 천문학적 사고를 증진시키는 데 효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 특히 이 프로그램은 천문 영역의 공간적 사고와 관련하여 관측된 천문 현상을 우주에서 보는 관점에서 재구성하여 모델링하는 능력을 신장시키는 데 효과가 있었고, 시스템 사고와 관련하여 천문 시스템을 구성하는 요소들 간의 관계를 파악하여 시스템을 조직할 수 있는 능력을 향상시키는 데 효과가 있었다. 이 연구는 학생들의 천문학적 사고를 발달시키기 위한 구체적인 교수·학습 프로그램을 제시하였다는 데 그 의의가 있다.