This study investigated the physicochemical properties of protein-fortified rice flour by mixing rice flour (RF) with untreated and fermented plant proteins. Fermented faba bean protein concentrate (FMFP) and chickpea flour (FMCF) were prepared by solid-state fermentation of faba bean protein concentrate (UTFP) and chickpea flour (UTCF) using Bacillus subtilis. FMFP and FMCF exhibited higher crude protein, reducing sugar and starch contents more than their counterparts. The increased rate of essential and branched-chain amino acids in FMFP and FMCF exceeded that of crude protein. Adding plant proteins to RF decreased swelling power (SP) and increased solubility in RF-UTFP and RF-FMFP mixtures, while SP and solubility increased in RF-UTCF and RF-FMCF mixtures. All RF-plant protein mixtures showed higher gelatinization temperature and lower gelatinization enthalpy than RF. Thermal gelation was found in all RF-plant protein mixtures, but the RF-FMCF mixture may form weak and unstable gel structures. The increase in pasting viscosity was minimal for the RF-UTFP and RF-FMFP mixtures but more pronounced for the RF-UTCF and RF-FMCF mixtures. Overall, FMFP may be a potential protein source to supplement the protein deficiency in RF with minimal changes in RF-based foods’ rheological and textural properties.

This study aims to distinguish between various Ethiopian durum wheat varieties based on their genetic identity using chemical and morphological characterization of seeds. Combinatorial employment of five chemical tests on seeds showed marked qualitative variation among the test varieties, with high discriminatory potential noted for the standard phenol test, followed by the modified phenol and iodide tests. The modified phenol test was instrumental in further discriminating between the varieties that were not identified using the standard phenol test. Unlike the iodide and phenol tests, the NaOH and KOH tests did not show significant variation among the varieties. These results underscore the efficacy of phenol and iodide tests in differentiating between durum wheat varieties. Although the morphological traits were advantageous in seed characterization, they lacked discriminatory power compared with that of the chemical tests. This study concludes that a single test is inadequate for varietal discrimination; rather, a combination of chemical tests can augment the discriminatory potential.

This study investigates the integration of astronomy-related topics in the Korean national science curricula spanning from 1945 to 2023. We analyze the placement and extent of astronomy content across different school levels. Astronomy contents in the science curricula have changed in response to social needs (e.g., practical knowledge required for agriculture and fishery) and advancement in astronomical research (e.g., the discovery of exoplanets and the suggestion of new cosmological parameters). Contents addressing the motions of celestial objects and stellar physical properties have remained relatively consistent. In the latest 2022 revised national curriculum, scheduled for implementation in 2024, several elements, such as coordinate systems, have been removed, while the inquiry activities using digital tools are emphasized. The incorporation of the cosmic perspectives in the national curriculum, as well as astronomy education within the context of education for sustainable development, remains limited even in the most recent curriculum. For future life revisions, the active participation of researchers is needed to reflect the latest astronomical research progress and scientific characteristics in the field of astronomy.

머리뿔가위벌을 사과에 더욱 효과적으로 사용하기 위하여 중생종 ‘홍로’와 만생종 ‘후지’에서 머리뿔가위벌의 영소활동과 화분매개효과를 조사하였다. 그 결과, ‘후지’에서의 영소활동이 ‘홍로’보다 2.5배 많았다. 영소율과 증식률에서 ‘후지’가 ‘홍로’ 보다 각각 1.5배, 3.8배 높았다. 품종 에 따른 화분매개효과를 조사한 결과, 중심화결실률에서 ‘후지’가 ‘홍로’보다 1.6배 높았다. 과실의 품질에서 사축과율은 ‘후지’가 ‘홍로’보다 2.5배 낮았고, 사과종자의 수는 1.9배 많았다. 이에 대한 원인을 밝히기 위해 개화기 기상환경과 머리뿔가위벌의 활동량에 대한 상관관계를 분석한 결과, 머리뿔가위벌의 활동에 영향을 미치는 주된 요소는 온도로 나타났다 (R2 = 0.578). ‘후지’(평균 17.4 ~ 최고 24.1°C)의 개화기 기온은 ‘홍로’(평균 12.5 ~ 최고 20.2°C)보다 4 ~ 5°C 높았기 때문에 ‘후지’에서 영소활동과 화분매개효과가 ‘홍로’보다 큰 것으로 생각된다. 따라서 조생종 ‘홍로’에서는 머리뿔가위벌보다 기상환경에 영향을 적게받는 뒤영벌과 같은 화분매개곤충을 사용하는 것이 권장되며, 만생종 ‘후지’에서는 머리뿔가위벌의 사용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구는 사과 재배 농가에게 사과의 안정적인 생산을 위한 중요한 정보로 사용될 수 있다. 아울러 기후변화에 인하여 머리뿔가위벌의 화분매개활동이나 증식률이 변할 수 있다는 결론은 식생과 곤충상에 변화에 대한 근거로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

The Korean Astronomical Society (KAS) Education & Public Outreach Committee has provided education services for children and school teachers in Cambodia over the past three years from 2016 to 2018. In the first year, 2016, one KAS member visited Pusat to teach astronomy to about 50 children, and in the following two years of 2017 and 2018, three and six KAS members, respectively, executed education workshops for ∼ 20 (per each year) local school teachers in Sisophon. It turned out that it is desirable to include both teaching of astronomical knowledge and making experiments and observations in the education in order for the program to be more effective. Language barrier was the main obstacle in conveying concepts and knowledge, and having a good interpreter was very important. It happens that some languages, such as the Khmer of Cambodia, do not have astronomical terminologies, so that lecturers and even the education participants together are needed to communicate and create appropriate words. Handout hardcopies of the education materials (presentation files, lecture/experiment summaries, terminologies, etc.) are extremely helpful for the participants. Actual performing of assembling and using astronomical telescopes for night sky observations has been lifetime experience for some of the participants, which might promote zeal for knowledge and education. It is hoped that these education services for developing countries like Cambodia can be regularly continued in the future, and further extended to other countries such as Laos and Myanmar.

본 연구는 청소년의 부애착, 불안, 비행의 구조적 관계를 알아보고, 청소년의 부애 착과 비행에 불안이 매개역할을 하는지 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 일반청소년 250명, 비행청소년 269명, 총 519명을 대상으로 부애착, 불안, 비행의 구조모형을 구 성하고 이를 분석하였다. 자료 분석은 Mplus 7.2를 사용하여 구조방정식 모형을 통해 각 변인들 간의 관계를 확인하였으며, 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 직접효과로 청 소년 부애착은 불안에 부적상관, 불안은 비행에 정적상관을, 간접효과로 부애착은 비 행에 부적상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 부애착 수준이 높은 사람은 불안을 덜 느끼게 되며 이를 통해 비행 감소에 영향을 미친다는 것을 의미한다. 둘째, 청소년 부 애착은 불안을 완전매개로 비행에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 청소년 부애착 이 높아지면 불안이 낮아지고, 낮아진 불안을 매개로 비행이 낮아질 수 있음을 의미한 다. 따라서 청소년의 부애착이 비행에 미치는 영향에서 불안이 매개역할을 하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 연구결과를 토대로 부애착 증진을 위한 노력과 시사점, 후속연 구에 대한 제언을 논의하였다.

Recently, the incidence of cardiovascular diseases including high blood pressure and heart disease has increased with increased meat consumption in Korea. This study was performed to determine the optimal mixing ratio among ratios of 0, 1:0, 0:1, 1:1, 2:1, and 1:2 of mulberry leaf powder to mulberry fruit powder based on the anti-inflammatory effects. Then, the quality characteristics of the sauce for meat prepared with different mixing ratios (0, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, and 1:5) of mulberry leaf powder to mulberry fruit powder were assessed. The inhibitory effects of ML2MF1 (2:1 ratio of mulberry leaf powder to mulberry fruit powder) on NO and TNF-α production were superior to those of other mixing ratios. With respect to color values of the sauce for meat prepared with different mixing ratio of mulberry leaf powder to mulberry fruit powder, as the mulberry fruit powder mixing ratios was increased, redness was increased but lightness and yellowness were decreased. The sensory evaluation of ML1MF5S (1:5 ratio of mulberry leaf powder to mulberry fruit powder) sauce for meat showed the highest score with respect to color, smell, taste, harmony with meat and the overall preference. In conclusion, as the mulberry leaf powder mixing ratio was increased, the anti-inflammatory activities were increased. But sensory evaluation scores were increased as the mulberry fruit powder mixing ratio was increased. Therefore, by performing further study, the method to increase mulberry leaf powder in the mixing ratio for improving the sensory evaluation should be provided.

산성비의 주요 성분인 So2가 peroxidase 활성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 다양한 농도의 Na2SO3를 포함한 배지에서 벼(Oryza sativa) seedling을 배양하였다. Na2SO3는 볍씨의 발아를 억제시켰으며, 볍씨의 발아율을 50%감소시키는데 필요한 Na2SO3의 농도가 pH 7에서는 300μg/ml, PH5에서는 8μg/ml 이었으나, pH 3

The prevention of oxidative degradation in fats and oils is largely controlled by the use of synthetic phenolic antioxidants. Antioxidants, BHA: 2-&3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisol, BHT: 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene, TBHQ: tert-butylhydroquinone, PG: propyl gallate, PTG: pentyl gallate, OG: octyl gallate, were extracted from fatty foods with hexane and from hexane layer to presaturated acetonitrile with hexane. The polar phenolic hydroxyl groups of antioxidants were silylated with MSTFA and injected to Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. The calibration plots were linear in the investigated range, 0.1-10.0 ug/g. The limit of detection for 6 phenolic antioxidants was 0.1 ug/g. Recoveries and reproducibilities from samples fortified at 1.0 ug/g were in the range of 70-90% and 0.5-13%, respectively. The simultaneous determination of phenolic antioxidants in fatty foods using GC/MS-SIM mode and macro program was described.