PURPOSES : This study develops a model that can estimate travel speed of each movement flow using deep-learning-based probe vehicles at urban intersections. METHODS : Current technologies cannot determine average travel speeds for all vehicles passing through a specific real-world area under obseravation. A virtual simulation environment was established to collect information on all vehicles. A model estimate turning speeds was developed by deep learning using probe vehicles sampled during information processing time. The speed estimation model was divided into straight and left-turn models, developed as fully-offset, non-offset, and integrated models. RESULTS : For fully-offset models, speed estimation for both straight and left-turn models achieved MAPE within 10%. For non-offset models, straight models using data drawn from four or more probe vehicles achieved a MAPE of less than 15%. The MAPE for left turns was approximately 20%. CONCLUSIONS : Using probe-vehicle data(PVD), a deep learning model was developed to estimate speeds each movement flow. This, confirmed the viability of real-time signal control information processing using a small number of probe vehicles.

본 연구는 딸기의 삽목 육묘 시 묘소질을 향상시키고 품질을 증진시키기 위한 지베렐린 효과를 검증하기 위해 수행되었다. 품종은 ‘설향’을 대상으로 하였고, 삽목 시 삽수의 기부를 30, 60분간 GA3 50, 100, 150mg·L-1에 침지 처리하고 증류수 침 지를 대조구로 두었다. 정식 시 묘소질 조사 결과 엽수와 SPAD 값은 지베렐린 침지시간이 길수록 증가하였고, 초장, 엽병장, 엽장, 엽폭, 엽면적은 침지시간과 농도 간의 상호작용에 따라 유의하게 값이 변하였다. 관부직경은 같은 농도라 할지라도 침지시간에 따른 차이가 나타났으며 30분, 100mg·L-1 처리를 제외하고 모두 직경이 8.0mm 이상으로 우량한 묘가 생성되 었으며, T/R률은 30분, 50mg·L-1 처리에서 유의하게 작아 식 물체 활력이 가장 우수했다. 양자수율은 농도가 150mg·L-1일 때 저조하였고, 지베렐린 처리 농도가 높을수록 양자수율이 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. NPQ는 대조구 대비 30분, 150mg·L-1 처리에서 유의하게 작아 묘 스트레스 감소에 효과 가 있었다. 항산화물 함량은 30분, 50mg·L-1 처리와 60분, 150mg·L-1 처리에서 높게 나타났고, 정식 후 생육조사 결과 화아분화 정도에 미치는 지베렐린의 부정적 영향은 없었다. 따라서, ‘설향’ 딸기의 삽목 육묘 시 지베렐린 처리는 정식묘 양성에 효과가 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 이때 대조구 대 비 생육 증진 및 품질 향상을 위해서는 삽수 기부를 50mg·L-1 의 지베렐린에 30분 침지처리하는 것이 보다 적정한 것으로 판단되었다.

This study was conducted to determine the optimal dipping time and concentration of gibberellin for improving the growth and quality of domestic cultivar 'Seolhyang' strawberry when using runner plants. Strawberry runner plants were collected on November 10th and soaked in GA3 concentrations of 50, 100, and 150 mg·L-1 for 30 and 60 minutes, respectively. After 75 days of planting, the growth results showed that in the 30-minute, 50 mg·L-1 treatment, the crown diameter was thicker and the T/R ratio was lower, indicating better plant vitality. Runner length increased with lower gibberellin concentrations, particularly promoting vegetative growth. Photosynthetic efficiency was more influenced by gibberellin concentration than dipping time, and using concentrations above a certain threshold acted as a stress factor for runner plants, leading to decreased photosynthetic efficiency. For enhancing seedling growth, soaking with 50 mg·L-1 of gibberellin for 30 minutes was found to be optimal. This study verified the effects of gibberellin treatment on strawberry runner plants to improve plant growth and quality, providing useful basic data for using gibberellin.

In this study, the adsorption/desorption performance of toluene was evaluated using zeolite adsorbent to replace activated carbon with one-off and ignition characteristics. For the proper operation of the VOCs adsorption/desorption and condensate recovery steps, the operating range by various adsorption/desorption temperatures was selected. The adsorbent is a bead-type zeolite, which was put into an adsorption tower of 10 LPM scale. As a result, it was demonstrated that 0.079 mg/g was adsorbed at a low temperature (20°C) during adsorption. In the case of desorption, it was found that VOCs adsorbed on the adsorbent were completely recovered after the desorption operation at 220°C for about 160 minutes. However, in the heating rate step for desorption, it was not possible to maintain an appropriate heating rate by filling the tower with zeolite. This was complemented by applying a copper plate with high thermal conductivity, and it was shown that the time was shortened by about 10 minutes or more. When VOCs are emitted at high concentrations during the desorption process, they can be reused as energy resources through low-temperature maintenance, and a condensation method was attempted. The efficiency of condensing chiller (cooler) with temperature control and liquid nitrogen condensing was compared. It was found that the chiller condensing efficiency increased as the temperature decreased. In the case of liquid nitrogen condensation, the liquid nitrogen temperature was maintained at -196°C, showing a stable efficiency of 90%.

PURPOSES : In this paper, the measurement criteria was determined by assessing the factors influencing the measurement of bending resonance frequency which is not specified in KS F 2437. METHODS : The durability evaluation analysis of concrete beam specimens was performed immediately after freezing and thawing processes. It is primarily aiming at improving the repeatability and reproducibility of measurement results by providing measurement criteria for various measurement factors that can occur during the collection of resonance frequency data. An independent concrete durability test (KS F 2456) was executed with the proposed measurement protocol for evaluation. RESULTS : A measurement protocol was proposed to determine the transverse resonance frequency of concrete beam specimens. CONCLUSIONS : It was concluded that the proposed measurement protocol may be used for the concrete durability test; where the resonance frequency could be stably collected.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of timing of collecting date and concentration of IBA and NAA, in order to enhance initial activity and seedling quality of domestic strawberry. Strawberry cuttings were separately taken twice, in June 7 and in July 5, and IBA and NAA were treated with the concentrations of 0.025, 0.05 and 0.1% at cutting date, respectively. The seedlings were evaluated for the percentage of survival during 18 days at 6 times after tunnel cultivation. The NAA treatment was inappropriate for strawberry cutting due to the high rate of seedling mortality, regardless of the collecting date. The vitality of the seedlings was highest at IBA 0.1% in June collecting and at IBA 0.05% in July collecting. The seedlings from June collecting had a higher quantum yield at IBA 0.1% and the seedlings from July collecting at IBA 0.05%. Therefore, IBA could be more effectively applied than NAA to promote the vitality and quality with the appropriate concentration of 0.1% at June collecting and 0.05% at July collecting, respectively.

본 연구는 2005년부터 2018년까지 14년간 주암호에서 출현한 남조류의 천이 양상을 분석하여, 남조류에 영향을 미친 주요 환경요인과의 관계를 파악하고자 연구를 수행하였다. 특히 2012년 이후 유해남조류 (Harmful algae) 출현량 급감의 원인을 파악하고자 하였다. 조사기간 동안 두 지점의 유해남조류 현존량은 주암댐: 10~24,891 cells mL-1, 신평: 13~26,043 cells mL-1의 범위로 출현하였다. 전반기 시기 두 지점의 평균 현존량은 각각 2,575 cells mL-1, 2,557 cells mL-1로, 이는 후반기 시기 평균 현존량 (42 cells mL- 1, 82 cells mL-1)에 비해 약 60배, 30배의 큰 세포수 차이를 보였다. 남조류가 상대적으로 많이 출현하는 여름 시기 (6~9월)를 대상으로 상관분석을 실시한 결과, 유해남조류는 TN, 방류량, 저수량과 양의 상관관계를 보였고, 전기전도도와는 음의 상관관계를 보였다. t-검정 결과 TN, EC, 체류시간의 유의미한 차이를 확인하였다. 특히 TN은 0.566~1.292 mg L-1의 범위로 평균 0.862 mg L-1로 보였다. 전반기, 후반기 평균 TN은 전반기 0.912 mg L-1, 후반기 0.811 mg L-1로 감소하였다. 또한 유의확률은 다소 떨어지지만, TP의 경우 평균 차이는 없으나 표준편차가 비교적 큰 차이를 보여 변동성이 큼을 알 수 있었다. 강우량이 집중된 여름 (6~9월) 시기의 전반기와 후반기 강우량 감소하는 패턴이 원인인 것으로 판단된다 (전반기 263.3 mm, 후반기 219.9 mm). 즉, 전반기에 비해 강우량은 감소 하였으며, 이로 인해 TP의 변동성이 감소되었다고 판단된다. TP의 변동성의 감소로 인해 전반기에 남조류의 luxury consumption이 가능하여 남조류의 성장률이 높았을 것으로 추측된다. 따라서 주암호 유해남조류 감소 원인은 강우량의 감소로 인한 영양염의 감소 (TN) 및 변동성의 감소 (TP)의 결과로 사료된다.

2010년 4월부터 2015년 12월까지 영산강 본류에 위치해 있는 죽산보의 상, 하류의 수질 및 식물플랑크톤 변화 양상을 파악하기 위해 연구를 수행하였다. 동일한 기간 동안에 두지점 모두 평균 수온은 17.3°C로 기록되었으며, 2011년부터 2014년까지는 약 16.3°C를 유지하다가 2015년에 17°C로 약 0.7°C 상승되었다. 조사기간 동안 식물플랑크톤의 종 조성은 총 288 분류군으로 남조류 17 분류군, 규조류 74 분류군, 녹조류 154 분류군 및 기타조류 15 분류군으로 조사되었다. 두 지점의 개체군 밀도는 500~29,950 cells·mL-1으로 조사되었으며, Y1지점은 850~29,725 cells·mL-1, Y2지점은 500~29,950 cells·mL-1으로 조사되었다. 두 지점의 평균 개체군 밀도는 Y1지점이 8,180 cells·mL-1, Y2지점이 7,530 cells·mL-1으로 상류지점의 평균 밀도가 더 높게 조사되었다. 우점종은 규조류인 Stephanodiscus속, Aulacoseira속이 높게 나타났으며, Stephanodiscus의 우점 빈도는 59%였고, Aulaocseira속의 우점빈도는 22%였다. 남조류의 전체속의 우점빈도는 17%였고, Y1지점이 19%로 Y2지점보다 2% 높게 나타났다. 그 중에 Microcystis속의 우점 빈도가 6%였고, Y1지점이 7%로 하류인 Y2지점보다 2% 높게 나타난 것을 확인할 수 있었다. Y1지점의 현존량 비율은 규조류가 전체의 52%, 녹조류가 24%, 남조류가 21%였고, Y2지점은 규조류 65%, 녹조류 18%, 남조류 13%로 상류 지점인 Y1지점의 남조류 현존량 비율이 더 높게 나타난 것을 볼 수 있었다. 본 연구는 식물플랑크톤의 천이 현상 및 수질요인들과의 변화에 따른 원인을 파악하고 영산강 죽산보의 특성에 대해 신뢰성 있는 데이터를 제공하기 위해 수행되었으며, 이후 수생태계 변화를 평가하는 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

얌빈(Pachyrhizus erosus, Yam bean)은 멕시코 원산의 아열대성 콩과 식물로서 아삭하고 즙이 많아 생으로 먹거나 다양한 요리재료로 사용되는 구근채소이다. 본 시험은 국내에서 얌빈 재배시 적정 파종시기를 찾고자 수행되었으며, 이를 위해 국내에서 주로 재배되는 2종을 대상으로 하여 온도에 따른 발아특성과 파종시기에 따른 적산온도 및 생산성을 비교하였다. 발아율은 18℃이상에서 86.0~94.0%를 보였으며, 발아 소요일수는 낮은 온도에서 길게 나타났다. 천군만마 품종이 태국 재래종에 비해 개화기나 구근 형성시기가 더 늦었고, 개화와 구근형성 및 비대에 필요한 적산온도도 각각 293℃, 280℃, 108℃가 더 소요되었으며, 지상부나 구근의 건물량은 더욱 많았다. 또한, 4월 25일 파종은 다른 시기에 비해 구근형성기까지 일수가 더 소요되었고, 구근형성과 비대시기의 지연으로 수확지수가 낮았으며, 6월 9일 이후 파종시는 영양생장이 충분하지 않은 상태에서 10월 하순 이후 저온 및 서리로 인해 생육이 정지되어 구근의 충분한 비대가 어려웠다. 한편, 5월 10일과 25일에 파종한 경우에는 일장, 온도 등의 변화가 영양생장과 구근형성에 유리하게 작용하여 얌빈 두 종 모두 구근 건물량과 수확지수가 높고 수량이 많아 파종시기로 적합하였다.

This paper presents the results of test observations toward a point source, 4C39.25, for observation modes with various bandwidths and numbers of IF streams in order to examine a reliability of the Daejeon hardware correlator performance for correlating VLBI (Very Long Baseline Interferometry) data obtained with the several observation modes of the KVN (Korean VLBI Network). We used a DiFX software correlator (DiFX) as a reference, for investigating the output visibilities from the Daejeon corelator. It is found that the band shapes of the output visibilities from two correlators are similar to each other and the correlated flux density for each baseline obtained from the Daejeon hardware correlator is lower by 3 - 7% than that from the DiFX. The flux difference is attributed to the limitation of FPGA resources and the difference of fringe rotation algorithm of the Daejeon hardware correlator. The conversion factor, 0.93 ~ 0.97, is proposed for future correlation with the Daejeon hardware correlator.

Animal Assisted Education (AAE) is goal-directed interventions designed to promote improvement in cognitive functioning of the person(s) involved and in which a specially trained dog-handler team is an integral part of the educational process. AAE is directed and/or delivered by an educational professional with education, licensure, and specialized expertise and within the scope of education. AAE may be provided in a variety of settings, may be group or individual in nature and may be implemented for persons of any age. There are specific educational goals for each individual involved and the process is documented and evaluated. The purpose of this manuscript is to report a pilot study of animal assisted education in Seongdang Elementary School in Iksan City, Jeollabuk-do. We conducted the study of animal assisted education program with 16 elementary school students in Seongdang Elementary School in Iksan City, Jeonbuk. This program had a total of 12 sessions as one secession per a week for a period of 12 weeks, which took around two hours for a session. As the results, we found he positive improvement effects of anxiety, depression, ADHD and, conduct disorder by animal assisted education program. Also, animal assisted education program had a positive impact on the elevation of attention potency, activity and positivity of the subject students. In conclusion, animal assisted education program could be used effectively for the improvement of education efficiency and problem solving for the young students.

We present the performance test results of VLBI Correlation Subsystem (VCS) trial product which was being developed for 1 year from August 2007. It is a core component of Korea-Japan Joint VLBI Correlator (KJJVC). The aim for developing VCS trial product is to improve the performance of VCS main product to reduce the efforts and cost, and to solve the design problems by performing the preliminary test of the manufactured trial product. The function of VCS trial product is that it is able to process the 2 stations-1 baseline, 8 Gbps/station speed, 1.2 Gbps output speed with FX-type. VCS trial product consists of Read Data Control Board (RDC), Fourier Transform Board (FTB), and Correlation and Accumulation Board (CAB). Almost main functions are integrated in the FTB and CAB board. In order to confirm the performance of VCS trial product functions, the spectral analysis, delay compensation and correlation processing experiments were carried out by using simulation and real observation data. We found that the overflow problem of re-quantization after FFT processing was occurred in the delay compensation experiment. We confirmed that this problem was caused by valid bit-expression of the re-quantized data. To solve this problem, the novel method will be applied to VCS main product. The effectiveness of VCS trial product has been verified through the preliminary experimental results, but the overflow problem was occurred.

In this paper, we introduce the performance evaluation and development of Raw VLBI Data Buffer(RVDB) system for the synchronized playback processing of observed data in Korea-Japan Joint VLBI Correlator(KJJVC). The high-speed correlation processing system is under development so that the radio data obtained with 8192 channels and 8 Gbps speed from 16 stations will be able to be processed. When the recorded data of each station are played to correlator, the time synchronization of each station is very important because the correlator should process the data obtained with same time and condition. There are many types of recorder systems in the East Asia VLBI Network (EAVN). Therefore it is required to prepare the special time synchronized playback processing system to synchronize the time tag of observed data. The developed RVDB system consists of Data Input Output(DIO), 10GbE switch, and Disk Data Buffer(DDB). It can record the data with maximum 2 Gbps speed, and can play back the data to correlator with nominal 2 Gbps speed. To enable to play back the data of different playback system to the correlator, we developed the high-speed time synchronized playback processing system. We carried out the experiments of playing back and correlation for gigabit correlator and VCS trial product so as to confirm the performance of developed time synchronized playback processing system. In case of online and offline playing back experiment for gigabit correlator, we confirmed that the online and offline correlation results were the same. In case of playing back experiment for VCS trial product, we verified that the wide band and narrow band correlation results were also the same. Through the playing back experiments of RVDB system, the effectiveness of developed RVDB system was verified. In this paper, the system design, construction and experimental results are shown briefly.