The compound of 2,6-Bis[(9-phenylcarbazolyl)ethenyl]naphthalene (BPCEN-1), 2-[6-1-Cyano-2-(9-phenylcarbazoly)vinylnaphthyl]-3-(9-phenylcarbazolyl)acrylonitrile (BPCEN-2), 2,6-Bis[4-(1-naphthy l)phenylamino styrenyl] naphthalene (BNPASN-1), 2-[6-1-Cyano-2-(naphthylphenylaminophenyl) vinylnaphthyl]-3-(naphthylphenylaminophenyl)acrylonitrile (BNPASN-2) was analyzed electrochemically and spectroscopically and can be obtained by bonding phenylcarbazolyl, naphthylphenylaminophenyl and -CN ligands to 2,7-naphthalene. The electrochemical and spectroscopic study resulted in the P-type (BPCEN-1, BNPASN-1) being changed to N-type (BPCEN-2, BNPASN-2) according to -CN bonding despite having the same structure. The value of band gap(Eg) was revealed to be small as HOMO had shifted higher and LUMO lower. The Eg value for naphthylphenylaminophenyl ligand was reduced because it has a smaller HOMO/LUMO value than that of phenylcarbazolyl from a structural perspective. The electrochemical HOMO/LUMO values for BPCEN-1, BPCEN-2, BNPASN-1, BNPASN-2 were measured to be 5.55eV / 2.83eV, 5.73eV / 3.06eV, 5.48eV / 2.78eV, and 5.53eV / 2.98eV, respectively. By -CN ligand, the UV max, Eg and PL max were shifted to longer wavelength in their spectra and the luminescence band could be also confirmed to be broad in the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum.

Kinetic studies on the ligand substitution reactions of cyanocomplexes were performed in several micellar solutions. It showed the observed rate constants was found to be independent of the entering ligand concentration at high concentration of cyanopyridine and pyrazinecarboxylate. We could see also that in nonionic and anionic micellar solutions no influence of changes in the surfactant concentration on the observed rate constants was found. Taking into account the hydrophilic nature of the cobalt complex, the cobalt complex molecule was expected to be located in the aqueous phase of the micellar systems, where the reaction would take place. In cationic micellar solutions, a small increase in the observed rate constant was found when the cationic surfactant concentration increased. After reaching a maximum, the rate constant decreased on increasing surfactant concentration and subsequently it reached a plateau, where the observed rate constant was independent of changes in the surfactant concentration.

돼지 페르몬성 냄새 물질을 탐색하기 위하여 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl 계 화합물들과 관측된 결합 친화력상수(Obs.p[Od]50) 사이의 정량적인 구조-활성관계(QSAR)로부터 4개 형태의 모델(2D-QSAR, HQSR, CoMFA 및 CoMSIA)들이 유도되었다. Ligand based approache로부터 최적화된 CoMFA 모델(예측성; r2cv.(q2)=0.886 및 상관성 r2RCV 0.984)이 가장 좋은 모델이었다. CoMFA 모델로부터 돼지 페르몬성 냄새 물질로 예측된 N1-allyl-N2 -(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl) oxalamide (P1), 2- (4-trimethylammoniummethylcyclohexyloxy)tetrahydrofurane (P5) 및 2- (3-trimethylammonium-methylcyclohexyloxy)tetrahydrofurane (P6) 분자들은 비교적 높은 결합 친화력 상수값(Pred.p[Od]50) =8~10)과 몇 가지 독성에 대하여 낮은 독성간을 나타내었다.

Among the efforts to increase the efficiency of organic light-emitting device (OLED), there is a way: doping phosphorescent materials. As a phosphorescent material, complexes of heavy transition metal, platinum, were synthesized. Cl- ion and phenyl group were used as ancillary ligands with 2-(2-pyridyl)benzimidazole (pbi) as a chromophore. The complexes were analysed by FAB-mass spectrometer and absorption and emission spectra were obtained. A phenyl group was able to shift the emission band of the complex even if it's not a chromorphore.

본 연구는 배양 각막 상피세포에 anti - F AS and anti - F AS ligand antibody를 노출시 킨 후 세포고사 메커니즘을 결정하기 위해 시행하였다. 배양각막 상피세포에 antihuman FAS(N-18) goat polyclonal IgG를 50, 200, 500, 1,000 ng/m~ 또는 anti-human FAS ligand(C• 20) goat polyclonal IgG를 500 ng/m~으로 2 일과 4 일 동안 처 리 하였다. 주어진 기간 동안 배양한 후 배양액에 부유한 세포와 부착된 세포를 원심분리와 트립 신 처리 원섬분리를 이용하여 수확하였다. 각막상피세포에 대한 anti - F AS and antiF AS ligand antibody 의 영향을 알아보기 위해 Hoechst 33342 staining과 TUNEL stammg 방법을 이용하여 세포 세포고사 유도를 확인하였다. 세포막 수용체인 FAS protein의 발현을 알아보기 위해 ìmmunocytochemistry 를 시행하였다. anti-FAS antìbody를 처리한 군에서는 대조군에 비해 시간과 농도에 비례하여 후기 세포고사 소 견이 증가하였다. 그러나 anti - F AS ligand antibody를 처리한 군에서는 대조군과 차이 가 거의 없었다. 본 연구의 결과 FAS-FAS ligand system 이 각막상피세포에 발현되었 으며 이는 정상 각막 상피 생리 즉， 세포 탈피에 중요한 기능을 갖는 것으로 사료된다

Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells with bone resorbing activity and differentiated from hematopoietic cell lineages of monocyte/macrophages in the presence of receptor activator of NF-xB ligand (RANKL) and M-CSF. However, the exact molecular mechanisms through which RANKL stimulates osteoclastogenesis remain to be elucidated. Here we report that activation of cAMP-response elementbinding protein (CREB) is not involved in osteoclastogenesis from osteoclast precursors in response to RANKL. RANKL induced CREB activation in osteoclast precursors. Using pharmacological inhibitors, we found that RANKL-induced CREB activation is dependent on p38 MAPK pathways. We also found that ectopic expressions of wild type and dominant negative forms of CREB in osteoclast precursors did not affect RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorbing activity. Furthermore, dominant negative forms of CREB did not alter the expression levels of osteoclast-specific marker genes. Taken together, these data suggest that CREB is dispensable for differentiation and resorbing activity of osteoclasts.

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a well-known inducer of apoptotic cell death in many tumor cells. 1RAIL is expressed in human placenta, and cytotrophoblast cells express 1RAIL receptors. However, the role of TRAIL in human placentas and cytotrophoblast cells is not. well understood. In this study a trophoblast cell line, JEG-3, was used as a model system to examine the effect of TRAIL. on key intracellular signaling pathways involved in the control of trophoblastic cell apoptosis and survival JEG-3 cells expressed receptors for 1RAIL, death receptor (DR) 4, DR5, decoy receptor (OcR) 1 and DeR2. Recombinant human TRAIL (rhTRAIL) did not have a cytotoxic effect determined by MIT assay and did not induce apoptotic cell death determined by poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage assay. rhTRAIL induced a rapid and transient nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kB(NF-kB) determined by immunoblotting using nuclear protein extracts. rhTRAIL rapidly activated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) 1/2 as determined by immnoblotting for phospho-ERK1/2. However, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) and Akt (protein kinase B) were not activated by rhTRAIL. The ability of 1RAIL to induce NF-kB and ERK1/2 suggests that interaction between TRAIL and its receptors may play an important role in trophoblast cell function during pregnancy.

생물학적 자극통제 수단으로서 활용하기 위한 새로운 돼지 웅성 페르몬성 물질을 탐색하고자 lipocalin의 수용체인 돼지 웅성 페르몬 P1과 P2의 리간드에 기초하여 54개의 P1 및 P2 유사체들에 대한 분자 유사성 지수 (S)는 물론, 분자량 (MWt), 소수성 (logP), 몰라 굴절율 (MR), van der Waals 분자 표면적 (SA), van der Waals 분자 부피 (MV), HOMO, LUMO 에너지, 이온화 포텐셜 (IP), 생성열 (HF), 리폴(lipole), 쌍극자 능율 (DM) 및 전체 에너지 (TE)등, 다양한 13종의 물리-화학 파라미터들을 계산하고 비교 검토하였다. 이들 스테로이드 유사체들의 물리-화학적인 성질은 주로 A와 D-고리가 입체적으로 상이함에 따라 의존적이었며 또한, S와 MV 상수와의 상관관계로부터 분자들의 MV상수가 작아질수록 S=1에 근접하는 경향이었다. 이같은 결과에 근거하여 P1-1과 P2-1 등, 2개의 화합물이 유사성 지수뿐 만 아니라, 소수성, 몰라 굴절율 및 분자부피 등의 측면에서 기존의 페르몬성 물질과 유사한 경향을 보이므로 새로운 돼지 웅성 페로몬성 화합물로 예상되었다.

(hfac)Cu(I)L구리 1가 전구체의 경우 L의 종류에 따라 여러 화합물이 존재하며 L이 전구체의 특성 및 증착에 미치는 영향을 규명하였다. 이때 중성리간드는 ATMS(allytrimethylsilane), VTMS(vinyltri-methylsilane), VCH(vinylcyclohexane), MP (4-methyl-1-pentene), ACP(allylcyclopentane), DMB (3,3-dimethyl-1-butene) 등의 alkene류이었다 hfacCu(I)L 전구체는 TG-DSC 분석에서 관찰된 Cu(I)-L 분해 온도가 낮으면 100˚C 이하의 저온 증착이 가능하였고 저온에서 낮은 박막 비저항 값을 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 이 분해온도가 높은 전구체 일수록 열적으로 안정함을 일정 시간 가열평가를 통해 알 수 있었다. 약 125~175˚C 증착온도에서는 중성리간드의 종류에 무관하게 증착된 구리 박막의 비저항값이 거의 비슷하였고 약 226˚C 이상의 증착온도에서는 박막의 비저항이 중성리간드의 분자량의 크기에 비례하여 증가하였다. 전구체의 증기압은 중성리간드의 끓는점과 가장 밀접한 관계가 있으며 중성리간드의 끓는점이 낮으면 낮을수록 증기압은 높았다.

Prolactin (PRL) surge in cycling rats at proestrous afternoon has previously been reported as an inducer of apoptotic cell death of luteal cells. This death-inducing action of PRL seeins unusual, because PRL can he categorized as a cell-survival factor, if other known physiological functions of PRL are taken into account. In this study, the apoptotic action of PRL was assessed in cultured cells prepared from rat luteal tissue and underlying molecular /cellular mechanism of PRL-induced luteolysis was analyzed. The latest crop of corpora lutea (CLs) were enucleated from rat ovaries at 18:00 h on the proestrous day before the next ovulation. Donor rats were pretreated with CB154, a dopamine agonist, in order to he exempted from the endogenous PRL surge. The harvested GLs were dispersed and cultured with or without PRL (2g /ml) for 24 or 48 h. An addition of PRL to the culture medium changed the parameters indicative of cell death via apoptosis: a decrease in cell viability (MTT) and an increase in chromatin condensation. Most of the DNA breakdown in nuclei induced by PRL occurred in steroidogenic cells which were identified by 3-HSD activity staining, and the number of 3-HSD-positivecells were significantly decreased. Interestingly, most of the cells with an apoptotic nucleus adhered to one or more intact and seemingly non-steroidogenic cells. Because the expression of Fas has heen shown to be abundant in murine ovary, and Fas is known to have an exact physiological role in occurrence of apoptotic cell death, the membrane form-Fas ligand (rnFasL) was quantified in the cell lysate. An addition of PRL increased expression of mFasL. Moreover, an addition of concanavalin A (ConA), a T-cell specific activator, in place of PRL, enhanced the apoptotic parameters. Cumulatively, the apoptotic PRL action was addressed to cells unknown than steroidogenic lute~ cells. The most prohable candidate for the direct target cells is Tcells in the luteal tissue that can express mFasL in response to PRL.

Fas는 세포자연사를 유도하는 세포 표면 수용체 단백질로서 면역계에서 중요한 역할을 한다. 이러한 Fas mRNA는 림프조직뿐만 아니 라 비 림프조직에서도 발현한다. 한편 대다수의 난포들은 세포자연사와 연관된 기 작을 통해 난포폐쇄로 진행되는 것으로 알려지고 있으나, 난포폐쇄에 관한 기작은 아직 규명되지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 먼저 생쥐의 난소의 과립세포와 난자에서 Fas와 Fas ligand의 발현 여부를 알아보고, Fas와 Fas liga

The interfacial chemical behavior, lattice exchange and dissolution, of FeS(s) as one of the important sulfide minerals was studied. Emphases were made on the surface characterization of hydrous FeS(s), the lattice exchange of Cu(Ⅱ) and FeS(s), and its effect on the dissolution of FeS(s), and also affect some organic ligands on that of both Cu(Ⅱ) and FeS(s), Cu(Ⅱ) which has lower sulfide solubility in water than FeS(s) undergoes the lattice exchange reaction when Cu(Ⅱ) ion contacts FeS(s) in the aqueous phase. For heavy metals which have higher sulfide solubilities in water than FeS(s), these metal ions were adsorbed on the surface of FeS(s) Such a reaction was interpreted by the solid solution formation theory. Phthalic acid(a weak chelate agent) and EDTA(a strong chelate agent) were used to demonstrate the effect of organic ligands on the lattice exchange reaction between Cu(Ⅱ) and FeS(s). The pHzpc of FeS(s) is 7 and the effect of ionic strength is not showed. It can be expected that phthalic acid has little effect on the lattice exchange reaction between Cu(Ⅱ) and FeS(s), whereas EDTA has very decreased the removal of Cu(Ⅱ) and FeS(s). This study shows that stability of sulfide sediments was predicted by its solubility. The pH control of the alkaline-neutralization process to treat heavy metal in wastewater treatment process did not needed. Thereby, it was regarded as an optimal process which could apply to examine a long term stability of marshland closely in the treatment of heavy metal in wastewater released from a disused mine.

p62는 임파구에 특이적으로 발현하는 단백질 티로신 키나제인 p56의 SH2 doamin과 결합하는 세포질 단백질로서 두 단백질의 결합에는 지금까지 알려진 바와 다르게 인산화된 티로신이 필요없다. p62는 기능이 다른 여러 조직에서 공통적으로 발현되며 유비퀴틴, 단백질 키나제 C 이성질체 둥 다양한 단백질과 결합하는 것이 알려져 있다. 이와 같은 현상으로 p62가 다양한 생물학적 기능을 수행할 수 있음을 예측할 수 있으나 그 자세한 기작은 잘 알려져 있