The 5 working day's a week increase to fixed cost. Specially, the small & medium size company more increase to manufacturing cost. The introduction of 5 working day's rule influence to labor cost in manufacturing cost. Also, it make disappearance to fixed cost of 0.5 working day. Almost manufacturing company expect to have difficulty in product cost. The case of japan, many manufacturing company move to Asian countries after introduction of 5 working day's a week rule. The purpose of this study are the analysis of change product cost and suggest to solutions of productivity for a type of industries..

Product liability is the law of the manufacturer's responsibilities for the consumers' personal injuries or the losses of property resulted from defective products. In today's many countries, the product liability law are being enacted because of the safety of product use and the protection of consumer's right. In korea, the product liability is going to enforce on July 1, 2002. Though the construction of product liability response system is urgent situation, domestic manufacture company's PL response system is not nearly prepared in present. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to discuss the Quality Management's importance and the PL countermeasures by presenting the difference of PL response system construction degree by the Quality Management Maturity degree

2002년 7월 1일부터 제조물 책임법(PL: Product Liability)이 시행되었다. 이에 대한 관심이 고조되면서 소비자 권리의 핵심 항목으로 제품 안전이 중요한 문제로 부각되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 제품의 안전분석을 위해 리스크의 정의와 제품 결함에 관해 살펴보았고, 제품 안전분석을 위한 방법으로 페트리 네트를 이용한 방법을 제안하였다. 이는 시스템의 하드웨어나 소프트웨어의 결함 뿐 아니라 사용자의 조작상황을 모델링함으로써 인간에 의한 오작동 원인도 파악할 수 있는 가능성을 제시하였다. 제품을 사용하는 사용자의 행동과 사용자의 조작결과에 따른 제품의 기능 동작상황을 페트리 네트를 이용해 모델링 및 분석을 수행해보고 그 결과를 결함수 분석 방법과 비교하여 그 장단점을 논의하였다.

2002년 7월 PL(Product Liability; 제조물책임)법이 시행된 이후 정부에서는 ‘소비자보호 종합시책’을 확정하고, 업종별 PL센터를 설립하여 소비자상담과 분쟁에 적극 대응하고 있다. 특히, 중소기업청에서는 기술지원과 함께 법률지원단을 구성 운영하고 있으며, 대기업에서는 PL법 집단소송제 등에 대응하기 위하여 법무 팀을 강화하고 있다. 그러나 아직 많은 경영자들이 제품고유의 안전성 확보를 위한 철학과 기술을 가지고 있지 못하여 제조물책임법에 대한 대응체계가 미흡한 것이 사실이다. 본 연구의 목적은 제품개발에서부터 설계, 제조, 출하, 폐기 등 전 제품수명주기 동안 기업이 제품의 안전성을 제고하고, 총체적 제품안전경영을 할 수 있도록 현행 업무프로세서에 대한 개선방안을 제시하는데 있다.

The articles of food is very important things to human. Since PL Law came into effect in July of the last year(2002) in Korea, many domestic firms have taken great interests in PL. And the purpose of PL Law is to provide a means for those injured by defective products to receive redress. Additionally, enterprises get to place more importance on the safety of the products, which led to improvement in competitiveness and enhancement in quality. Consequently customers can get better products. So, it aims not only to compensate the injured by defective products but also to act an incentive to maker/supliers of food to make their products more safe. Therefore, this study was aiming to analyze the expected risks to articles of food after the enforcement of PL Law, and to establish a defending plan.an.

Prediction method for the long-term chemical leaching amount from by-product/recycled materials such as waste concrete and steel slag and so on is necessary to widely promote their effective utilization and evaluate their environmental safety. Although there are the batch leaching tests and the column leaching test as the testing methods for evaluating the long-term leaching behavior, the leaching mechanism and the testing result compatibility in both tests has insufficiently been clarified yet. Thus, the prediction of the leaching behavior from the by-product/recycled materials used in actual civil works and their environmental safety evaluation are by no means certain. This paper shows the difference between the batch leaching tests and the column leaching tests in the chemical leaching behavior of Cu-slag. The batch leaching tests were conducted under liquid/solid ratio = 10, liquid = distilled water, stirring strength = 0, 30, or 120 rpm. After a certain elapsed time, the leaching solution was exchanged with the pure distilled water and then the stirring was restarted. The elapsed time was set at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 days. The column leaching tests were also conducted under the same conditions as those of the batch leaching tests in order to evaluate the effects of the pore distribution and the pore flow velocity in the Cu-slag column on the leaching behavior. In the column leaching tests, the effluent passing through the column was circulated as the influent (Fig. 1). The leaching duration in the column tests can be equivalent as that in the batch tests, so that the difference in the leaching behavior between the batch leaching tests and the column leaching tests may be dependent on the pore-scale heterogeneous flow and path generated in porous materials. Figure 2 shows the leaching rate evaluated from the batch leaching tests and the column leaching tests. In the same fluid velocity levels, the leaching rate in the column tests was larger than that in the batch tests. The leaching rate has been considered large with the fluid velocity. Although the fluid velocity generated by the stirring was the same as the flushing velocity on the surface of the Cu-slag in the batch tests, the fluid velocity in the column tests was enhanced because the permeant liquid was concentrated into the limited pore space in the Cu-slag column. Thus, the pore-scale heterogeneous flow and path generated in porous materials should be evaluated in order to clarify the compatibility between the batch leaching tests and the column leaching tests.