Food and agricultural production sector, especially livestock production is vital for Mongolia’s economic and social development. Domestic sheep play key roles for Mongolians, providing food (meat, milk) and raw materials (wool, sheepskin), but genetic diversity, origin of sheep populations in Mongolia have not been well studied. Studies of population genetic diversity is important research field in conservation and restoration of animal breeds and genetic resources. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate genetic characteristics and estimate origin through the analysis of mitochondrial DNA control region D-loop and Cytochrome b of Mongolian indigenous sheep (Mongolian native, Orkhon and Altanbulag) and one Europe sheep (Suffolk). As a result of there were found, 220 SNPs (Single nucleotide polymorphism) in the D-loop region, 28 SNPs in the Cytochrome B region, furthermore, 77 Haplotypes. The nucleotide diversity was only found in D-loop region (n = 0.0184). Phylogenetic analysis showed that 3 (A, B, and C) of 5 haplogroups of sheep have been identified in our research. Haplogroup C was only found in Mongolian indigenous sheep. Haplogroup D and E were not observed. As a result of haplogroups, haplogroup A was dominant (n = 46 of 94 sheeps), followed by haplogroup B (n = 36) and haplogroup C (n = 12). Sequence analysis showed that T deletion, insertion and heteroplasmy in D-loop region occurred at a high rate in Mongolian indigenous sheep population (T insertion = 47, T deletion = 83). The heteroplasmy, which has never been found in Mongolian sheep, has been newly discovered in this study. As a result, the Mongolian sheep varieties, which mainly derived from Asia, were in hybridization with European sheep varieties.

국내의 다양한 지역에서 수집한 19 야생버섯균주를 이용하여 배지조성인 참나무 톱밥과 밀기울을 부피비율 7:3 으로 병재배 650 g/1,100 ml에서 자실체를 생산하였다, 시험한 19균주중 14균주가 원기를 형성하였으며 자실체를 생산 할 수 있었으며 대조품종 노루1, 2호의 병당 75 g보다 KFRI349, KFRI1091, KFRI1093은 병당 120 g 이상으로 높은 수확량을 나타내었다. 자실체 색형은 백색과 핑크색으로 나눌 수 있었으며 침의 형태에 따라 고드름형과 산호형으로 구분할 수 있었다. 전자현미경(SEM)에 의한 노루궁뎅이버섯의 담자기, 포자, 침의 형태를 포함한 자실체 미세구조를 관찰 하였으며 UFP-PCR분석으로 균 주간의 PCR다형성밴드가 검출되어 4 그룹으로 분류 할 수 있었으며 높은 유전적 다양성을 확인 할 수 있었다.

본 연구에서는 한국에서 개발한 23개의 양송이 품종과 42개의 도입품종의 유전적 다양성과 집단 구조를 SSR 마커를 이용하여 분석하였다. 양송이 품종의 NA는 약 13, HO는 약 0.59, HE는 약 0.74, PIC값은 약 0.71 이었다. 양송이 품종은 군집분석에 의하여 3개의 Group으로 구분되 었고 다양한 국가의 품종으로 구성된 Group2의 다양성이 높았으며, 구조분석에 의하여 2개의 subpopulation으로 구분되었고, 품종의 수가 많은 Pop2의 다양성이 높았다. 한국의 양송이 품종들은 주로 Group 3에 분포하고, subpopulation 간 분포에는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 본 연구의 결과는 양송이의 육종소재의 개발, 다양성 확보 등과 같은 품종의 개발과정에 이용될 수 있을 것이다.

The aim of this study was to assess the levels of genetic diversity and relationships of Korean native black goat (n = 58), compared with the exotic breed, Boer (n = 97). For the analysis of genetic characterization 11 microsatellite markers (MAF065, INRA063, CSRD247, OarFCB20, SRCRSP5, INRA006, ILSTS008, ILSTS011, INRA005, ILSTS087, SRCRSP8) were genotyped. The number of alleles was observed 3 (INRA005) to 10 (SRCRSP8) each markers. The mean expected and observed heterozygosity (Hexp and Hobs) and polymorphism information content (PIC) for the Korean native black goat breed varied from 0.551 to 0.860, 0.517 to 0.948 and 0.464 to 0.835, respectively. Principal Components Analysis (PCoA) and FCA results showed that Korean native black goat breed was confirmed to be clearly separated from bore breed. These results were scientific evidence that Korean native black goat represents a unique and valuable animal genetic resource.

In this study, we developed ten microsatellite markers specific to L. angelina using the Illumina NextSeq 500 platform. Forty-three individuals of L. angelina collected from three localities in South Korea were genotyped to validate these markers and to preliminarily assess population genetic characteristics. The observed number of alleles, observed heterozygosity (HO), and expected heterozygosity (HE) at a locus ranged from 4–13, 0.211–0.950, and 0.659–0.871 in the population with the largest sample size (20 individuals), respectively, thereby validating the suitability of the markers for population analyses. Our preliminarily assessment of the population genetic characteristics indicates the presence of inbreeding in all populations, an isolation of the most geographically distant population (Seocheon), and lower HO than HE. The microsatellite markers developed in this study will be useful for studying the population genetics of L. angelina collected from additional sites in South Korea and from other regions. †These authors contributed equally to this paper.

본 연구는 한우 보증씨수소 844두를 출생년도를 기준으로 8개 집단으로 분류하고, 각 개체들의 친자확인용 유전자 마커정보를 농협경제지주 한우개량사업소 홈페이지에서 제공 받아 유전적 다양성 및 구조 변화 분석에 활용하였다. 한우 보증씨수소 전체 집단의 대립유전자수(number of alleles)의 평균은 10.54개, 기대 및 관측 이형접합율(Hex, Hob)의 평균은 각각 0.764, 0.773, 다형성 정보량 지수(PIC)의 평균은 0.727 그리고 Fis의 평균은 –0.014로 확인되었다. 한우 보증씨수소 집단을 출생년도 별로 구분한 8개 집단의 유전적 다양성 및 구조 분석 결과, D집단(2005-2004년)의 기대이형접합율(0.777), 관측이형접합율(0.792) 그리고 다형성정보지수(0.740)가 가장 높은 것으로 확인되었다. C집단(2003-2004년)과 E집단(2007-2008년)에서는 기대이형접합율이 관측이형접합율 보다 큰 것으로 확인되었고, 나머지 그룹 모두에서는 관측이형접합율이 기대이형접합율 보다 큰 것으로 확인되었다. 대립유전자 출현빈도를 기반으로 유전적 조성과 구조를 추론하기 위해 STRUCTURE software를 이용하여 분석한 결과 세대가 지남에 따라 특정 유전적 성분의 변화 또는 비중의 증감을 확인 할 수 있었다. 이는 개량 목표를 설정하고 지속적으로 추진되고 있는 개량 사업이 한우 씨수소 집단의 유전적 구조 변화에 영향을 미치고 있음을 확인 할 수 있는 중요한 자료로, 한우 개량 사업의 효율적인 추진을 위해 유용하게 활용 될것으로 사료된다.

본 연구는 품종 간 변이의 폭이 좁은 포도속(Vitis spp.) 유전자원을 대상으로 탄저병 저항성 품종을 판 별하기 위해 국내 주요 재배 품종 및 유전자원 159품종을 공시하고,Colletotrichum acutatum과 C. gloeosporioides를 엽면접종하여 병원성 검정을 수행하였다. 또한, Genotyping-by-sequencing(GBS) 방 법을 이용하여 포도나무 품종 간 유전적 다양성을 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과, C. acutatum을 접종한 잎에서는 58품종은 감수성을, 17품종은 저항성을 나타내었고, C. gloeosporioides를 접종한 경우에는 34품 종이 감수성을, 25품종은 저항성을 나타냈다. 두 균주에 대해 공통적으로 저항성을 보인 품종은 ‘Agawan’, ‘Huangguan’, ‘Xiangfei’ 등 8품종이였으며, 이들 대부분은 유럽종과 미국종의 교잡종으로 분류되었다. 유럽종에 기원한 ‘Emerald Seedless’, ‘Tano Red’, ‘Rem 46-77(Aestivalis GVIT 0970)’ 등의 품종들은 대부분 감수성으로 판별되었다. 따라서 본 연구 결과를 통해 확보된 병 검정 및 유전 분석 결과는 포도나무 병해를 효과적으로 관리하는데 유용하게 활용될 수 있으며, 특히 포도나무 탄저병 저항성 품종들을 개발하고 육성하는데 매우 중요한 육종 소재 및 정보가 될 것으로 사료된다.

Wikstroemia ganpi grow the southern coastal regions in Korea, small population and are classified as a critically endangered species. The majority of habitats are located near forest paths and reservoirs at the edge of mountains, indicating that there is considerable human interference and severe fragmentation of populations, as well as damage to individuals as a result of forest fires and soil erosion. We evaluated the genetic diversity in populations, genetic differentiation between populations, and genetic structure to provide data to support the conservation of W. ganpi. W. ganpi populations showed lower genetic diversity(mean level: P.95=36%, S.I=0.170, h=0.113) and higher genetic differentiation(40%) between populations than other species with similar characteristics did. And the among population gene flow(Nm) was highly restricted at 0.87. The four populations revealed that there were fixed alleles in the different loci of each population. This result can be explained by the effects of genetic drift. Structure analysis and the PCA results were more indicative of separate groups than a genetic structure that was linked to populations. This reflects the high level of genetic differentiation between populations and the unique alleles within each population. As a result, lower genetic diversity and higher genetic differentiation between populations of W. ganpi. And the effects of inbreeding were observed, as well as asexual reproduction in some populations. Therefore, to conserve W. ganpi, all the surveyed populations need to be designated for on-site conservation and monitored continually. A research on the spatial genetic structure needs to be conducted to obtain information on sample extraction for off-site conservation. This structure would be able to minimize the wasting of samples that could be obtained from limited genetic resources and would enable further focused and efficient management.

Riptortus pedestris (Fabricius) has caused severe agricultural damage in Asian regions. To clarify genetic relationships among different populations of R. pedestris in Korea, 294 COI sequences were generated from 294 individual samples collected in 42 local regions. In total, 36 haplotypes were detected from the 294 COI sequences, and the genetic distances among the 42 local populations ranged from 0.00 % to 1.50 %. In the AMOVA results, a variability of more than 98 % was observed within populations, and the median joining (MJ) networks revealed that R. pedestris has expanded by crossing the nine geographical groups. Most of the samples shared one haplotype, H2; however, some samples obtained from the same regions displayed slight genetic differences. These results indicate that R. pedestris have undergone a series of genetic variations.

The brown marmorated stinkbug, Halyomorpha halys, is an invasive insect pest in North America and Europe that attacks crop species and causes substantial economic damage. To evaluate the genetic diversities and distributions of different H. halys populations in East Asia, North America, and Europe, COI sequences obtained from 79 new specimens from Korea and 10 from the USA were compared with 725 existing COI sequences. In total, 45 haplotypes were detected in populations from 10 countries. Sixteen haplotypes from Korea (H34–.H49) and 2 from the USA (H50 and H51) were novel. Korean populations exhibited the 2nd highest diversity among the 10 countries, with only Greece exhibiting higher diversity. Haplotype H22 was prominent in Korea, H1 was prominent in China, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Canada, and USA, and H3 was prominent in France and Switzerland. Of the 18 haplotypes found in Korea, 1 was shared with China (H2) and 1 with Greece (H22). Haplotype diversity patterns showed that Korean populations were genetically distinct from populations in China, Europe, and North America. This suggested that populations in Europe and North America arose through multiple invasions from China and that (with the exception of Greece), Korean populations did not spread to other countries. This study represents a comprehensive analysis of H. halys populations in Korea and places these populations in a global context that includes other native populations in East Asia and invasive populations in Europe and North America.