한국산 불개미의 다형현상에 있어서 일개미의 몸의 크기와 임무수행과의 관계, 유시웅의의 시맥상의 변이, 성비 및 소의 크기에 따르는 일개미번데기의 형별발생과 일개미집단의 형별구성등에 관하여 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 일개미는 3형으로 분화되어 있으며, 소형은 주로 소의 내부에 동료집단의 보호와 외부에서 진딧물에 방문하는 임무를, 그리고 대형과 중간형은 주로 외부에서 식이운반, 조소 및 동료집단의 보호임무를 수행한다. 그러나 소형이 진딧물에 방문하는 임무는 반드시 고정되어 있는 것이 아니고 계절에 따라 다소 변동이 있는 것 같다.

현재 우리나라에서 기록되고 있는 나방류는 학명은 그 상당수가 오랜된 옛 학명들로 틀리게 사용되고 있거나 잘못 분류 동정되어 기록되고 있는 경우가 많으므로 이의 개정 사용이 시급한 일이라 사료된다. 필자는 우선 현생 병해충 잡초명감 (한국식물보호학회, 1972) 및 한국 동물명집 곤충편(한국돌물학회 1968)에 수록된 해충들 중 잘못 기록된 미소 나방류 46종에 대해 국제명명규약 (International Code of Zoological Nomenclature)에 의해 채택되고 있는 새로운 학명으로 개정 발표한다.

Seventy Pipistrellus abramus samples were caught to analyze their sexual dimorphism and mophological characteristics. The mean HB and FA were 50.86 mm and 34.93 mm, respectively, based on external measurements and skull shape. The length of the TL, Hfcu, and Tra were approximately 70%, 55.6%, and 38% of the HB, Tib, and E, respectively. Both the lambdoid crest and the sagittal crest were well developed and the H.BC was approximately 84% of the W.BC. P2 was inside the toothrow and metacone of canine was clearly visible. According to the analysis of sexual dimorphism, the following characteristics were different in between males and females: WS, C-M3, C-C, M3-M3, LOM, LUC, and i-m3. The WS, C-M3, C-C, M3-M3, LOM, and i-m3 were bigger in females than males, whereas the LUC was bigger in males.

돌나물과(Crassulaceae)의 돌나물속(genus Sedum)은 약 400여종이 전 세계적으로 광범위하게 분포하고 있으며, 기린초속(genus Phedimus)은 약 20종이 아시아부터 유럽까지 분포하고 있다. 일반적으로 현대 분류체계에서는 기린초속과 돌나물 속을 독립된 각각의 속으로 인정하고 있으나, 한국산에 대한 연구에서는 기린초속이 돌나물속 아래 가는기린초아속(subgenus Aizoon)으로 사용되고 있어, 가는기린초아속이 기린초속으로 승격되는 것이 타당한지 정리가 필요하다. 본 연구 결과, 식물의 전체적인 크기와 외형, 잎의 형태 등의 영양형질과 종피 표면의 무늬와 같은 생식형질이 기린초속과 돌나물속의 식별에 주요한 자료로 판단되었다. 특히, 종자의 표면 무늬는 돌나물속은 육각형의 무늬와 그 속에 하나의 유두상 돌기를 가지고, 기린초속은 사각형의 무늬와 양 끝에 하나씩 유두상 돌기를 가져 두 속을 구분하는 중요한 식별형질로 판단된다. 본 연구의 외부형태 학적 결과는 돌나물속과 기린초속을 독립된 각각의 속으로 인정하는 분류체계를 지지한다.

한국산 족도리풀속(Asarum L.) 7종의 44개 질적형질 및 28개 양적형질을 분류학적으로 재검토하였다. 질적형질 중, 27개 형질은 본 속의 모든 종에서 나타나는 공통형질이었으며, 28개 양적형질 중 단일형질은 인편엽의 수(2-4장), 잎의 수(2장), 악편의 수(3장), 수술의 수(12개) 및 암술의 수(6개) 등 5개였다. 잎 표면의 흰색 얼룩무늬는 개족도리풀과 무늬족도리풀을 다른 종들과 구분하는 유용한 형질이었으며, 금오족도리풀과 털족도리풀의 잎 이면에는 긴 연모가 다수 분포함으로써 짧은 털이 분포하는 다른 종들과 차별화되었다. 악통 내부 표면의 선모는 종에 따라 자루가 없는 선모(개족도리풀, 족도리풀, 자주족도리풀)와 자루가 있는 선모(금오족도리풀, 무늬족도리풀, 털족도리풀, 각시족도리풀)의 2가지 유형이 구분됨으로써 이들의 유연관계를 잘 반영해 주었다. 악편의 길이, 형태, 색 및 반곡 정도, 악통 입구(통인)의 직경 및 색 또한 유용한 분류형질로 확인 되었다. 악편 표면에 발달하는 선모의 밀도는 드물게 분포하는 금오족도리풀과 밀생하는 자주족도리풀을, 중간 정도의 밀도를 보이는 다른 종들과 뚜렷하게 구분시켜주었다. 한편, 금오족도리풀의 화주돌기 길이는 나머지 종들의 그것과 뚜렷하게 차이가 났다. 연변족도리풀과 녹연변족도리풀의 실체에 대해서는 재검토가 요구된다.

Background : Oplopanax elatus Nakai. is distributed in Korea and China. In this study, we have used high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to compare the internal standards contents [uracil, adenosine, protocatechuic acid, syringin (eleutheroside B) and scoparone (6,7-dimethoxycoumarin)], and compared the antioxidant activity. Methods and Results : Samples were prepared two different temperature conditions (90℃ and 100℃). Total phenolic contents and total flavonoid contents were analyzed while gallic acid and quercetin were used as standard. Anti-oxidant activities were measured by determination of DPPH and reducing power assay. HPLC was reported as five standard compounds equivalent using the following linear equation based on the calibration curve. According to the results, the anti-oxidant effects of Korean O. elatus Nakai. stem extracts in 90℃ water showed more activity than that of Chinese in DPPH assay. However, the amount of internal compounds was higher in Chinese O. elatus Nakai.. The anti-oxidant effects of Korean O. elatus Nakai. stem extracts in 90℃ water showed more activity than Korean O. elatus Nakai. stem extracts in 100℃ water in DPPH assay. In this study, we had found that, at over the 100℃ temperature all the anti-oxidant effects of O. elatus Nakai. extracts were reduced. However, all five standard compounds were detected at similar value. Conclusion : These results suggests that Korean O. elatus Nakai. has higher anti-oxidant activities which can be use for bioactivity assay.

Background : Bioactive substances, viscumneoside III and homoflavoyadorinin B, were isolated from korean mistletoe. Before, the isolated compounds were performed to identify the effect on tyrosinase inhibition activity. It is generally known that the biological activity of aglycon is better than the glycone attached to sugars in natural products. Methods and Results : In this study, the glycone of mistletoe were converted into homoeriodictyol and velutin, which are aglycon, respectively, by microwave irradiation, and their tyrosinase inhibitory activity was investigated. Experimental results showed that microwave irradiation mistletoe extracts showed superior tyrosinase inhibitory activity than untreated extracts. Conclusion : These results revealed that the whitening acivity of microwave irradiation Korean mistletoe can be utilized for the skin cosmetics.

Molecular phylogenetic analysis was conducted to evaluate the taxonomic relationships of genus Arisaema L. distributed in Korea and the molecular phylogenetic characteristics of three authentic Arisaema species for the herbal medicine Arisaematis Rhizoma (the rhizomes of A. amurense, A. heterophyllum, and A. erubescens). The sequences of three DNA barcodes (rDNA-ITS, matK, and rbcL) were analyzed using 50 samples of nine taxa consisted of eight Korean and one Chinese Arisaema with one outgroup (Dracunculus vulgaris). Both individual and combined phylogenetic analyses of three DNA barcode sequences revealed that the treated nine taxa are independently classified into six distinct clades (Clade I, A. amurense f. amurense and A. amurense f. serratum; Clade II, A. serratum and A. takesimense; Clade III, A. ringens; Clade IV, A. erubescens; Clade V, A. heterophyllum; Clade VI, A. thunbergii subsp. thunbergii and A. thunbergii subsp. geomundoense). These six clades were reasonably divided into three individual sections, Pedatisecta, Sinarisaema, and Tortuosa. Futhermore, the results of comparative DNA barcode sequences analyses provided a significant information for the taxonomic reconsideration of Arisaema L. at the specific and intraspecific level. However, we could not confirm the taxonomic characteristics or identity among the three authentic medicinal species through the molecular phylogenetic analyses of genus Arisaema L. for Arisaematis Rhizoma.

In order to export Korean spray roses to the China, it is needed to analyse chinese preferences, rose attributes, and purchase intentions. The purpose of this study is to present the implications on the production and distribution of roses for export by analyzing the quality preference attributes and purchase intention of Korean rose for Chinese flower experts. A survey on the preference and purchase intention of Korean flower roses by Chinese flower experts was conducted through face - to - face interviews with flower show participants in China. Approximately 100 Chinese flower experts who participated in the Flower Show in 2016 received the questionnaire, and 86 survey results could be used for analysis. Survey data were analyzed using ordered probit and bivariate probit models. As a result of an analysis, it was found that Chinese flower experts were more likely to buy Korean roses than Chinese roses even if they consider flower color, leaf shape and size and color diversity. The probability of purchasing more than twice the price was higher than that of the color diversity considering the flower shape, leaf shape and size, but the bivariate order probit model was larger than that of flowers, leaves and size, and the order of probability size was changed. In order to increase the export of Korean spray roses to the Chinese market, We need to increase Chinese experts’ preferences and satisfaction. For this purpose, it is very important to develop export varieties of roses with large flower buds and shape / coloring, and to apply the useful post-harvest technology that can extend freshness and distribution period of export roses.