윌리엄 블레이크는 18세기 말 영국의 자연종교와 이신론이 절정을 이루던 시기에 출현한 급진적인 낭만주의 시인이다. 그는 당대의 베이컨, 뉴턴, 로크를 “사탄의 삼위일체”(Satanic Trinity)라고 언급할 정도로 이신론과 자연종교 사상의 근거가 되는 이성중심주의와 과학적 사고를 비판하였다. 블레이크의 최초의 글인 󰡔모든 종교는 하나󰡕부터 최후 대예언시 󰡔예루살렘󰡕에 이르기까지 이신론과 자연종교에 대한 그의 비판적 언급들은 무수히 많다. 그의 예술과 시의 중요한 토대가 되는 “참 인간”(The True Man)은 당대의 이성중심의 계몽철학과 자연종교 및 이신론의 문제점을 알고 인간의 개념을 재정립했을 때만이 이해 가능한 개념이다. 본 연구는 영국 17, 8세기 베이컨, 로크, 뉴턴을 중심으로 이신론과 자연종교에 대한 블레이크의 비판적 견해를 그의 글과 시를 통해 면밀하게 살펴보았다. 아울러, 상대 개념인 “시적 천재성”, “상상력”, “참인간” 등의 의미를 통해 블레이크가 성취하고자 한 예루살렘과 회복된 참 인간의 모습에 대해 규명하였다. 중요한 것은 그가 이성과 과학적 사고 자체를 단순히 악마적으로 거부하고 비판만 한 것이 아니고, 회복된 인간이 참여할 에덴 즉 예루살렘에서는 궁극적으로 예술과 과학이 하나 되어야 한다고 피력하였다는 점이다.

식물추출물은 작물 해충에 대해 기피, 섭식저해, 해충 효소활성억제 활성을 가지고 있어 해충 방제제로 활용되고 있다. 응애는 원예작물에 심각한 피해를 주고 있고, 실제 포장에서 방제 방법도 화학적 살비제를 이용하고 있지만 효과적이지 않다. 포장에서 응애 방제가 어려운 이유는 짧은 세대수, 많은 산란수와 번식력 등으로 인해 약제저항성 개체가 증가하는 것이 원인이다. 친환경자재로 님, 멀구슬, 제충국, 고삼 추출물을 함 유한 제품들이 개발되고 포장에서 살비제로 활용되고 있다. 이들 추출물은 천적에 대한 낮은 독성으로 식물추출물과 천적을 동시에 사용하여 응 애의 종합 방제에 활용될 수 있는 장점이 있다. 많은 이들 식물추출물의 해충 방제에 대한 리뷰가 있지만, 포장에서 효율적인 이들 추출물의 종합 적인 측면에서 활용이나, 응애별 살충 스펙트럼, 반수 치사농도와 치사시간, 살충기작별로 응애 생활사에 영향을 미치는 종합적인 리뷰는 제한적 이다. 본 리뷰는 이들 식물추출물을 포장에서 효율적으로 활용 가능한 식물추출물별 사용 가능 시기, 방법, 응애 생활사, 천적 활용 등의 종합적인 응애 방제를 목표로 하였다.

LNG propulsion ships are actively being built as an eco-friendly fuel for ships, and ships with C-type LNG tanks are being widely built. In order to analyze the risk of LNG venting from operating ships and test-run ships, the flow characteristics according to operating conditions were reviewed using ANSYS FLUENT, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that the distribution area exceeding the lower explosion limit of natural gas and the area where the natural gas temperature rose to 17 ° C had similarities. In addition, it was confirmed that the change in the horizontal direction was greater than the change in the vertical direction when the natural gas distribution range was changed. Since the valve opening has a greater effect than the tank pressure, if natural gas must be vented to the atmosphere inevitably, the risk can be reduced by operating the valve opening at 50% or less.

유방암수술은 환자의 생존율을 높이지만 환자의 수술부위 통증, 상지근육의 변 화나 불균형 등의 체형변화뿐 아니라 재발에 대한 두려움, 자아존중감 저하와 우 울, 불안, 분노, 스트레스 등의 심리적 증상마저 유발할 수 있다. 그래서 유방암환 자를 위한 심신중재 프로그램의 개발이 필요하다. 이 프로그램의 1~3회기에는 단 축되거나 긴장된 부위의 자각훈련과 호흡훈련으로 구성되는 경견완부위 통증유발 점 스트레칭 요가체위가 실시된다. 4~8회기에는 통증유발점의 긴장부위를 자각하 는 훈련과 체형유지를 위한 주요근육을 강화하는 요가체위가 실시된다. 유도된 심 상 프로그램의 1~3회기에는 호흡과 신체자각, 심장박동소리듣기, 빛 명상이 실시 되고, 4~7회기에는 통증부위 빛 명상이 심화되며, 마지막 8회기는 임종명상으로 마무리된다. 유방암환자의 몸통 및 상지근육의 변화와 그에 동반되는 통증을 경감 시킬 수 있는 요가와 유도된 심상법으로 구성되는 자연치유요가 심신중재 프로그 램 개발을 위한 본 논문의 사례연구는 고유수용감각 훈련과 내수용감각 훈련을 설계하는 데 유용하다. 유방암수술을 받고 이 프로그램에 참가한 환자의 목과 어깨통증은 경감되었고 근육 밸런스는 회복되었으며 수술 후 방사선치료 등을 받으 며 느낀 공포와 불안감은 감소되었고 삶의 질이 향상되었으며 죽음에 대한 인식 도 변했다.

본 연구는 여성들의 천연 에센셜 오일에 대한 인식 및 사용실태 정도를 연구하 고자 2023년 3월 23일부터 4월 24일까지 대전광역시, 세종특별자치시, 충청남·북 도 지역에 거주하는 10-50대 이상의 여성 300명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였 다. 수집된 자료는 통계 프로그램 SPSS(Statistical Package for Social Science) 28.0를 사용하여 분석하였으며, 이에 따른 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 연구 대상자 의 일반적 특성으로 연령대로는 50대 이상(39.7%), 결혼 유무별로는 기혼(81.7%), 직업별로는 전문직(27.0%)이 가장 많았다. 최종학력별로는 대학교 재/졸(47.3%) 가 정의 월평균 소득별로는 300-400만원 미만(34.0%)이 가장 많았다. 천연 에센셜 오 일에 대한 인식으로 천연 에센셜 오일에 대한 인식수준은, 천연 에센셜 오일은 직사광선을 피하고 서늘한 곳에 보관해야 한다.’는 정답(98.0%), 천연 에센셜 오일에 대한 지식수준은 연령별로는 50대 이상(M=8.66), 아로마테라피에 대한 인지도는 30대(M=3.23)가 가장 높게 나타났다. 천연 에센셜 오일의 사용 실태에서 처음 사 용한 시기는 40-49세(27.7%), 사용하게 된 계기는 주위의 권유(39.0%), 사용하는 주된 이유는 스트레스 완화(42.7%), 사용하는 시기는 기분 전환이 필요할 때 (40.0%), 주로 사용하는 형태는 블렌딩 오일(43.7%), 사용하는 정도는 2-3일에 한 번(37.3%), 이용하는 주요 부위는 얼굴/목(34.4%), 현재 사용하는 오일은 라벤더 (11.6%)로 나타났다. 이의 결과는 추 후 아로마테라피 분야 연구에 따른 기초자료 로 활용 가능성이 높은 것으로 사료되어진다.

커피 부산물을 이용하여 대체실험동물 모델인 제브라피쉬 배아 독성 및 미백 효능에 대한 실험 을 진행하였다. 커피 부산물 추출물을 처리한 배아 독성 실험의 결과 24, 48, 72hpf에서 125ppm 농도에서 는 각각 3, 3, 5%로 응고율을 나타냈다. 배아의 부화율은 최고 농도인 125ppm에서 73%를 나타냈다. 제브 라피쉬 치어의 심장 박동수 실험에서 72hpf 후 심박수가 125ppm 농도에서 153회/60s’로 확인되었다. 음 성대조군은 148회/60s’으로 대조군의 비해 심박수의 변화가 크지 않았으며, 낮은 독성을 나타냈다. 또한 미백효능을 평가한 결과 커피 부산물 추출물의 농도가 증가할수록 멜라닌 형성이 저해되는 것으로 나타났 다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 천연 유래 부산물 소재가 화장품 원료로 활용할 수 있다는 가능성을 제안하며, 천 연 부산물의 부가가치를 높이는 연구 예시로서 화장품 산업에 활용되기를 기대한다.

우리나라 100대 명산에 포함되고 천혜 자연환경을 갖추고 있지만 충청남도 내 휴양림 중 이용률이 저 조한 칠갑산자연휴양림을 연구대상지로 하여 휴양림 활성화와 재방문 의사를 높여 건강한 여가 활동 을 선도하는 운영‧관리 방안을 제시하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 칠갑산 휴양림 방문객 250명에게 총 101개로 구성된 설문지를 자기기입방식으로 배포하여 200부를 회수하였고 인구통계학적 특성 및 이 용행태, 재방문의사 결정 중요요인 간 상관관계와 미치는 영향 등을 알아보기위해 빈도분석, Varimax- 직각회전, Bartlett의 구형성 검정, 크론바흐 알파, 독립표본 t-검정, 일원분산분석, Scheffe’s 사후검증, Pearson상관관계분석, 다중회귀분석을 하였다. 연구결과 휴양림 방문객들의 이용만족도는 대체로 양 호하였지만 개선이 필요한 사항에 대한 질문에서 안전 및 환경에 대해 다소 부족한 것으로 나타났다. 제안 사항인 효율적인 운영·관리 방안으로 레크리에이션시설(등산학교·트레킹지원센터 등) 및 프로 그램(산림치유·숲해설 등)이 필요하다고 사료되며, 환경을 고려한 휴양림 내 추가 식재, 색다른 경관 환경(소규모정원 등)을 조성하여 특색 있는 휴양림으로 탈바꿈할 필요가 있다는 결론을 도출하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 건강한 여가활동 촉진, 휴양림 활성화 및 재방문의도 증대에 기여하기 위해 칠갑 산 자연휴양림에 필요한 중요 요인을 찾아서 제안하고 있다.

A low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste repository contains different types of radionuclides and organic complexing agents. Their chemical interaction in the repository can result in the formation of radionuclide-ligand complexes, leading to their high transport behaviors in the engineered and natural rock barriers. Furthermore, the release of radionuclides from the repository can pose a significant risk to both human health and the environment. This study explores the impact of different experimental conditions on the transport behaviors of 99Tc, 137Cs, and 238U through three types of barrier samples: concrete, sedimentary rock, and granite. To assess the transport behavior of the samples, the geochemical characteristics were determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. The adsorption distribution coefficient (Kd) was used as an indicator of transport behavior, and it was determined in batch systems under different conditions such as solution pH (ranging from 7 to 13), temperature (ranging from 10 to 40°C), and with the presence of organic complexing agents such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), and isosaccharinic acid (ISA). A support vector machine (SVM) was used to develop a prediction model for the Kd values. It was found that, regardless of the experimental parameters, 99Tc may migrate easily due to its anionic property. Conversely, 137Cs showed low transport behaviors under all tested conditions. The transport behaviors of 238U were impacted by the order of EDTA > NTA> ISA, particularly with the concrete sample. The SVM models can also be used to predict the Kd values of the radionuclides in the event of an accidental release from the repository.

Natural uranium-contaminated soil in Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) was generated by decommissioning of the natural uranium conversion facility in 2010. Some of the contaminated soil was expected to be clearance level, however the disposal cost burden is increasing because it is not classified in advance. In this study, pre-classification method is presented according to the ratio of naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) and contaminated uranium in the soil. To verify the validity of the method, the verification of the uranium radioactivity concentration estimation method through γ-ray analysis results corrected by self-absorption using MCNP6.2, and the validity of the pre-classification method according to the net peak area ratio were evaluated. Estimating concentration for 238U and 235U with γ-ray analysis using HPGe (GC3018) and MCNP6.2 was verified by 􀟙-spectrometry. The analysis results of different methods were within the deviation range. Clearance screening factors (CSFs) were derived through MCNP6.2, and net peak area ratio were calculated at 295.21 keV, 351.92 keV(214Pb), 609.31 keV, 1120.28 keV, 1764.49 keV(214Bi) of to the 92.59 keV. CSFs for contaminated soil and natural soil were compared with U/Pb ratio. CSFs and radioactivity concentrations were measured, and the deviation from the 60 minute measurement results was compared in natural soil. Pre-classification is possible using by CSFs measured for more than 5 minutes to the average concentration of 214Pb or 214Bi in contaminated soil. In this study, the pre-classification method of clearance determination in contaminated soil was evaluated, and it was relatively accurate in a shorter measurement time than the method using the concentrations. This method is expected to be used as a simple pre-classification method through additional research.

The development of Features, Events, and Processes (FEPs) and scenarios, which consider the longterm evolution of repository, is underway, along with the construction of input data and a model database for the adaptive process-based total system performance assessment framework, APro. PAPiRUS serves as an integrated information processing platform, enabling users to seamlessly access, search, and extract essential information. To enhance data usability, it is crucial to establish well-structured metadata for each dataset. Regarding FEPs, individual FEPs consist of extensive text-based data and sets of other short textual data. To enhance the searchability of these FEPs, precise keywords must be assigned to each FEP. For user convenience, the PAPiRUS FEP database contains several FEPs not only the long-term evolution FEPs developed by KAERI but also thousands of FEPs form the databases such as NEA PFEPs and Posiva FEPs. Generating keywords for thousands of FEPs proves to be a labor-intensive task. Consequently, this study explores natural language processing techniques for keyword analysis to boost the productivity of the keyword generation process. Specifically, we employ Generative Pretrained Transformer (GPT) models for keyword extraction. Our test results for keyword extraction demonstrate that, although not flawless, providing suitable prompts yields sufficiently useful keyword sets. We identified several optimal prompts and developed an Excel-based program to derive keywords from the existing FEP database using these prompts. By using the outcomes of this study, initial versions of keyword sets for thousands of FEPs can be rapidly produced and subsequently refined through expert review and editing. The generated keywords will serve as metadata within PAPiRUS.

A methodology is under development to reconstruct and predict the long-term evolution of the natural barrier comprising the site of radioactive waste disposal. The natural barrier must protect the human zone from radionuclides for a long time. So for this, we need to be able to restore the evolution of the bedrock constituting the natural barrier from the past to the present and to predict from the present to the future. A methodology is being studied using surface outcrop, tunnel face of KURT (KAERI Underground Research Tunnel), and drill core at KAERI (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute). Among them, drill core is an essential material for identifying deep geological properties, which could not be confirmed near the surface when considering the geological condition of the repository in the deep part. In this study, we selected several qualitative and quantitative analyses to construct a deep lithological model from the disposal perspective. These were applied to drill core samples around the KURT. There are the dikes presumed the Cretaceous were intruded by Jurassic granitoids in the study area. Analyzing trace elements of each rock type in the study area classified through geochemical characteristics and microstructure in previous studies made it possible to obtain qualitative information on the petrogenetic process. In addition, synthesizing the quantitative numerical age allows for grasping the evolution of bedrock, including intrusion and cutting relationships. LAICPMS was used for determining the age of zircons in plutonic rocks. The highly reliable 40Ar-39Ar method was selected for volcanic rocks because it can correct the loss of Ar gas and obtain the values of two types of Ar isotopes in a single sample. As a result, it was possible to infer the formation environment of rocks through anomalies in specific trace element content. And according to the numerical ages, it was possible to support the known separated rock type found in previous studies or to present a quantitative precedence relation for unclassified rocks. These methods could be applied to reconstruct the long-term evolution of bedrock within natural barriers.

IAEA safety standards document and international programs (such as BIOMASS) related to the assessment of the biosphere around High Level Radioactive Waste (including Spent Nuclear Fuel) repositories require the assessment of the biosphere to use the assumption that the current natural environment and human society will be maintained, and at the same time, the evolution of the distant future changes also need to be taken into account. In Korea, which has not designated candidate disposal sites, it is necessary to investigate and predict the current state and future changes of the natural environment throughout Korea and apply it practically to Biosphere assessment (for BDCF derivation) for candidate disposal sites suitability assessment and Safety Case (for performance assessment) preparation for design, construction, operation, and post-closure management. To this end, the natural environment in the fields of Topography, Geology, Soil, Ecology, Weather and Climate, Animals and Plants, Hydrology, Ocean, Land-use, etc. and human society in the fields of Population Distribution, Spatial-Planning, Urban Form, Industrial-Structure, Lifestyle etc. are being investigated in the context of current status, past change records, and future change potential in the Korean Peninsula. This paper summarizes those investigations to date. This study referred Biomass-6 [IAEA] and National Atlas I (2019)/II (2020)/III (2021) [National Geographic Information Institute of the Korea Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport].

The mobility of uranium (U) in the environment of a deep geological repository is controlled by various geochemical conditions and parameters. In particular, oxidation state of uranium is considered as a major factor to control the mobility of uranium in most of geological environments. In this study, therefore, we investigated the mobility of uranium in a deep geological repository by a natural analogue approach using a uranium deposit in the Ogcheon Metamorphic Belt (OMB). Uranium contents of rock samples from the study site ranged from 1.3 to 71 ppm (average 17.4 ppm). Uranium minerals found in the study site were mostly uraninite (UIVO2+x) and uranothorite ((UIV, Th)SiO4). The concentrations of U in the groundwater samples were very low (0.025~0.690 ppb) even though redox conditions are weakly oxidizing. Calculation results for U speciation in groundwater samples showed that major dissolved uranium species in the groundwater samples are mainly as calcium uranyl (UO2 2+) carbonate complexes such as Ca2UO2(CO3)3(aq) and CaUO2(CO3)3 2-. However, the activity ratios between 234U and 238U (AR(234U/238U)) showed U behavior in reducing conditions although the groundwater conditions were not reducing conditions and major dissolved U species were U(VI) species. Results from electron microscopic analyses for rock samples showed that major uranium minerals were U(IV) minerals such as uraninite and uranothorite. We could not identify other uranyl minerals and altered minerals from uraninite. This means that the geochemical condition of the study site has been maintained a reducing condition although the groundwater condition was a weakly oxidizing condition. Thus, the dissolution of uranium is strongly limited by the low solubility of uraninite. It is not obvious how the reducing condition of the study site has been maintained. Reducing agents such as pyrite, organic materials, and reducing bacteria might contribute to maintaining the reducing condition although further studies will be necessary. Results from this study imply that uranium mobility will be greatly limited by low dissolution of uraninite into groundwater if the reducing condition is well reserved. This limited mobility of uranium will be also contributed by low possibility of uraninite alteration into uranyl minerals which have a higher solubility than uraninite.

The conditions for minimizing dyes and additives when dyeing cellulose fibers such as linen, ramie, and hemp fabrics were obtained using glucose, an organic reducing agent. Dyeability and colorfastness were measured through repeated dyeing. The overall surface dyeing concentration followed the linen>hemp>ramie order, and most of the colors were in the range of PB (PurpleBlue). As the glucose concentration increased, the blue series was strengthened, and the color was dark and clear. It was determined that glucose the concentration of 4g/L was appropriate for minimizing the amount of dye. When the dyeing temperature was 30℃, the surface dyeing concentration was the highest, and the color was dark and clear. Although the dyeing concentration increased as NaOH concentration increased, 3g/L (pH 12.37) was considered appropriate for the minimum NaOH concentration, which becomes gradual after the dyeing concentration increased rapidly. It was found that the surface dyeing concentration, when repeated six times for 5 min, was better than that of dyeing once for 30 min. Washing, rubbing, and perspiration colorfastness were all found to be excellent in grades 4–4-5, and colorfastness to light was excellent in grades 5 of linen and hemp and grade 4 of ramie.

In this study, natural dyeing using Polygonum tinctoria was performed with linen, ramie, and hemp, which are biodegradable cellulose fibers, considering environmental aspects. In particular, the impacts of alkali NaOH and reducing agent Na2S2O4 were examined, and the possibilities of minimizing the use and reusing the dye were explored. The surface dye concentrations were found to be in the following order: hemp>linen>ramie. With the increase in all additives, the L* value decreased, and the ⊿E and K/S values increased gradually. When Na2S2O4 was 1g/L, the surface color of the dye appeared uniformly from the NaOH concentration of 0.4g/L (pH 10.84). When NaOH was 0.4g/L, the K/S values of linen and ramie increased rapidly after 0.4g/L of Na2S2O4, and hemp maintained a stable color from 0.6g/L of Na2S2O4. With the increase in the dye concentration from 1 to 6g/L, all the fibers were dyed uniformly. The K/S value increased or higher doubled upon repeated dyeing six times for 5 min than when dyed only once for 30 min. Therefore, the linen, ramie, and hemp fibers dyed repeatedly exhibited good washing, rubbing, and colorfastness to perspiration, which was rated between 4 and 4–5, and that to light was rated as 5. Moreover, no discoloration due to sunlight was observed. Finally, linen exhibited a bacterial reduction of 99.9%, thereby indicating its excellent antibacterial property.