Recently occupational safety and health literatures begin to emphasize the influence of social, organizational or psychological context. Based on this research trend, this paper tried to review the relationship between safety climates and safety compliance. Based on the responses from 385 manufacturing workers, this paper reviewed the relationships among safety climates, safety motivation, and safety compliance. The results of statistical analysis showed that all safety climate factors(management involvement, leadership, safety training, precaution activities, safety system) have affirmative effects on safety motivation and safety compliance. Also, safety motivation appeared to have mediating effects on the relationship between 5 safety climate factors and safety compliance. Especially it appeared to have full mediating effects on the relationship between safety training/ safety system and safety compliance.

Each method for economic evaluation has its own characteristics. Therefore adoption of each of them in evaluation production investment project results in many problems. Hence combination & modification of them are required to perform more accurate evaluation about investment project. This paper discuss evaluation method of investment projects expansion and replacement investment on each line or individual in the production. Generally investment evaluation method has add to a few method by Subsidiary means with use a especial method. And then in this paper, a Taguchi Techniques is presented, which may be effective to the facilities appraisal or improvement. We propose a decision model to incorporates the values assigned by a group of experts on different factors in production. Using this model, SN ratio of taguchi method for each of subjective factors as well as values of weights are used in this comprehensive method for reducing production rate in production management.

E-business is rapidly prevailing in our society by increasing of the use of the internet. Therefore the education system of e-business should contain requirements of customers, i.e. various industries. College curriculum should be related to tasks of e-business. This paper deals with e-business tasks that make college curriculum. It surveys the situation of college education and topics in the field of e-business. This research analyzes the needs and opinions of the local area companies. The acknowledgement and realization of e-business implements are surveyed and the education contents for college are researched.

In this regard, the newly focused logistics information system makes reducing the expenses of whole logistic available by cutting down the expenses of materials, transportation and stock and also, it allows the company to cut down the procurement expense through the reduced lead-time and rationalize producing plans by eliminating the uncertain orders and fluctuation in procurement. It further more optimizes the efficiency of over all productions by meeting the dead line for delivery to the customers. In the recent environment of globalization where fierce competitions exist between manufacturers, logistics plays important role in the strategies of companies, and managements of companies try their best efforts in establishing the strategy to accomplish the innovative relationship between supply chain channels. Therefore, in this study, we try to suggest the model of consolidated logistics system that is integrated logistics information system with suggesting the better way of logistics and comparative analysis with logistics system to resolve the difficulties numbers of companies face after realizing what logistics information system is in Korea.

Such effects would be paid off in the right way only when management of the firms perform marketing activities focusing on long term effectiveness, which would drive company profits up and keep them for long. Demands of customers are being changed and varied. In this result with the advantage of mass marketing and database marketing have been drawing attentions from company. To fulfill these demands of customer, they need a concept of eCRM(Web based Customer Relationship Management), and go from selling products and services, or gathering customer requests, up to the phase of solving customer's problem by real time or previous action. With the help of internet, the frequency and speed of the problem solving has improved greatly. For these purposes, we try to determine the most important and most urgent factors in eCRM: utilization by using SN Ratio Decision making, one of the Multi-criteria decision-making methods SN Ratio Decision making is widely used for determining relative magnitude per evaluation item, i. e. priority on problems and is expected to make more systematic and objective evaluations than conventional methods do. Even in the present situation where any general criterion on eCRM dose not exist, utilization of eCRM is expected to be actively continued, which will cause many problems. In this regard, evaluating eCRM counts.

The Small and Medium Enterprise is currently getting more attention from the Indonesian government as the contribution of this sector to the regional and national income has increased. Though the government is providing a lot of attention as well as facilities to the small businesses in the manufacturing sector, they face intense competition. Thus, the small enterprises need to ensure that they achieve good business performance. This research aims to investigate the role of entrepreneurial intensity and innovation in improving the performance of small businesses in Indonesia. For this purpose, one hundred and eighty-six small business owners participated in the survey. The data was analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling. The hypothesis results show that entrepreneurial intensity and innovation have a proven role in business performance of small enterprises. Entrepreneurial intensity in particular, significantly impacts innovation and exploration. And innovation is crucial for business performance. The results imply that to increase business performance, the owner and the manager also need to raise their entrepreneurial spirit, as it can enhance their willingness to explore and use their business experience to do more innovation activities. The more innovation is done by the company; the business performance is more likely to improve.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to present a plan to expand the employment of the elderly in Small business as one of the ways to solve the problem of the supply and demand of the company due to the aging population and the problem of the elderly poverty. Research design, data and methodology: The method of this study is a qualitative research method, and the researcher visited a small and medium-sized company directly and collected data by conducting an in-depth interview with a business owner. The interview period was conducted on a total of 15 business owners from November 5, 2013 to November 18, 2013. Results: First, the reason why companies hire the elderly is because they are suitable people, and the reason why they are not employed is because the elderly are not suitable. Second, it was found that the most recruiting paths continued to work after retirement. Third, the strengths of the elderly in their businesses were diligence, integrity, leadership, wisdom, warmth, and skill. Disadvantages the elderly in their businesses include wanting to be treated as an adult, poor productivity, poor accuracy, and health risks. Fourth, in case of hiring the elderly, they were considering convergence with young employees, and it was suggested that there are no difficulties in being an elderly because the companies hiring the elderly use the elderly according to the characteristics of the elderly. Fifth, It is realistic to actively utilize the employment system after retirement. Sixth, it was found that, unlike young people, it is not easy to recruit people on the Internet, so it is necessary to improve the system. Lastly, some industries clearly distinguished between the jobs of the elderly and the jobs of the young, but in many industries, it was desirable to create jobs for the elderly by harmonizing the main and secondary jobs. Conclusion: Ultimately, the work of the elderly in small and mediumsized enterprises should be reborn as a high-quality job that can solve the poverty of the elderly by working as a regular worker in the enterprise, rather than simply working for the elderly.

Purpose – In this study, we consider and examine relationships between reasons for business switch or liquidation (BSL), and the demographics of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in South Korea. The related five variables are occupations, administrative districts, age of employer, firm age and foundation motivation. In addition, eleven levels in association with reasons for BSL visualize the corresponding demographics by measuring their similarity on the dimensional planes assuming that the association exists between variables under consideration. Research design, data, and methodology - This study is done by the Ministry of SMEs and Startups in 2016 and examines 20,307 small and medium enterprises. For examining the distinct relationships among variables under consideration, both chi-squared test and correspondence analysis as main statistical tools are used. Results - The results show that among levels of reasons for BSL the three levels –weakening profitability, poor sales and economic depression- are main ones for the five demographics variables mentioned above, and we can obtain the detailed associations between attributes of corresponding variables by inspecting the two dimensional plane. Conclusions - This study suggests reasons for BSL are closely associated with the five different demographics variables – Administrative districts, Firm age, Occupations, Age of employer and Foundation motivation-by looking over results.

Purpose – The present study aims to examine the relationship between small enterprise start-up preparatory factors and increases in sales and operating profits, which are business performances utilizing the National Survey of Actual Conditions of Small Enterprises conducted by the Small Enterprise, Market Service. Research design, data, and methodology – Start-up preparatory factors were divided into six types; business type, start-up history, start-up motives, preparatory periods, and start-up funds to figure out the relationship between sales and operating profits with regression analyses. Regression analyses were conducted based on the foregoing with a view to identifying the effects of start-up preparatory factors on business performance. Results – Since start-up preparatory factors generally affect business performance, it was identified that start-up preparatory factors importantly affect operating profits and sales, which are business performances. However, start-up preparatory periods and the implementation of education among preparatory activities were shown to have no effect on business performances, and the effect of the ratio of start-up fund provided by the founder on operating profits was shown to be not significant. Conclusions – The present study comprehensively examined those start-up preparatory factors that have positive effects on business performances after start-up. The present study is meaningful in that it can provide positive implications for efficient start-up of small enterprises hereafter.

Purpose – It is necessary to identify the level of marketing activities of the businesses that are recognized and carried out by the small and midsize businesses that have been supported by the government's small-business policy Research design, data, and methodology – The method of data analysis of this study was conducted by the researcher 's acquaintances and center staffs who visited small business owners in a small - scale company operating a business. Results – It is found that the financial support part of the support programs for the small business owners is not related to the center affection among the support programs for the small business owners of the government. This is a fact-finding process that can be regarded as a forming process that has a significant effect on. As a result of the analysis, both marketing activity and center attachment were found to be possible parameters which have significant influence on business performance. Conclusions – Developing a variety of contact and customer management programs with small business owners in the field has enabled the government's policies to effectively penetrate the site, and these efforts eventually resulted in more business results for small business owners.

평생직장과 고용의 개념이 무너지고 구조조정이 일반화되면서 직장을 잃거나 퇴직한 이들의 생계형 창업 비중이 해마다 증 가 하고 있다. 하지만 이러한 소상공인은 대부분 생계형 창업으로 낮은 진입장벽과 과다경쟁은 빈번한 폐업으로 나타나고 생존력이 악화되는 경우가 많다. 이를 막기 위해 소상공인시장진흥공단은 상담의 기회를 주는 희망리턴패키지 사업을 진행 하고 있으며, 폐업 소상공인의 재기성공 사례를 공유하고 발굴한 선정 우수사례의 우수사례집 제작·배포를 통해 사업 성과 홍보 및 재기를 노리는 소상 공인에게 희망을 주려고 하고 있다. 따라서 본 논문은 누구나 쉽고 편하게 이해할 수 있는 스토리텔링으로 생생한 현장의 모습을 그대로 담고 우수한 기획 및 편집 디자인으로 간행물의 질적 향상을 도모하여 희망리턴패키지 활성화시키고자 한다. 이를 위해 기존 사례집 틀에서 벗어난 차별화된 스토리텔링기법으로 보다 쉽고 편하게 구독 가능한 사례집을 추구하고, 캡 쳐 사진, 핵심 없는 소개기사, 평이한 디자인을 특징으로 하는 기존 잡지 매체군에서 탈피한다. 그리고 소상공인 성공 사례 집만의 아이덴티티와 스타일을 보여주고 유용하고 참신한 내용 및 시각 정보를 전달하여 독자의 흥미를 유발할 수 있는 인 터뷰와 더불어 활용 팁이나 정보 제공과 희망리턴패키지의 전략적 성과를 알림으로서 소상공인시장진흥공단의 긍정적인 이미지를 줄 것이다.

Purpose - The study investigates the obstacles faced by small business owners (SBOs) in accessing finance in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality. The study aims to identify the causes of inaccessibility to finance for SBOs, investigate the role of government agencies in supporting SBOs, assess the extent to which banks support SMMEs, and suggest solutions to ease the challenge of inaccessibility of finance. Research design, data, methodology -We used a triangulation research design, wherein SMME owners and managers in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality were the target population. We used simple random sampling techniques to select respondents, and conducted in-depth interviews to collect qualitative data. Results - We analyzed quantitative data using descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and factor analysis. The qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis. The study identifies and discusses the obstacles in accessing finance; the main among which are the lack of collateral security, poor business plans, lack of knowledge, and lack of financial deposit. Conclusions -We urge the banks, government, and government agencies to support the SMME sector, for it remains the economic engine of many African countries and helps in reducing the impact of socio-economic challenges, like unemployment and poverty.

Purpose - The study investigated the obstacles to accessing finance by small business operators in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality. The objectives of the study were to identify the causes of inaccessibility to finance by small business operators, to investigate the role of government agencies in supporting small business operators, to assess the extent to which banks support SMMEs and to suggest solutions to ease the challenge of inaccessibility of finance by small business operators. Research design, data, methodology – Triangulation research design was used in this study. SMME owners and managers in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality were the target population. Simple random sampling technique was used to select respondents. In-depth interviews were conducted to collect qualitative data. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test and factor analysis. Qualitative data was analysed using content analysis. Results - Obstacles to accessing finance were identified and discussed. Lack of collateral security, poor business plans, lack of knowledge and lack of financial deposit are some of the main factors identified. Conclusions - The banks, government and government agencies are urged to support the SMME sector for it remains the economic engine of many African countries. This sector also helps in reducing the impact of socio-economic challenges like unemployment and poverty.