Film properties of monodispersed model composite latexes with particle size of 190 nm, which consist of n-butyl acrylate as a soft phase monomer and methyl methacrylate as a hard phase monomer with different morphology was examined. Five different types of model latexes were used in this study such as random copolymer particle, soft-core/hard-shell particle, hard-core/soft-shell particle, gradient type particle, and mixed type particle. Tensile strength and tensile elongation at break of final films were evaluated. Those properties can be interpreted in terms of PBA/PMMA phase ratio and their morphology. The interfacial adhesion strength was also evaluated using 180˚ peel strength measurement and cross hatch cutting test.

유자추출물 및 유자주스와 유자주스의 유기산, ascorbate 및 pheolic 획분을 이용하여 nitrosamine(NA)생성의 주요 전구물질인 아질산염의 소거능과 N-nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA)의 생성에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. pH 1.2와 4.2의 반응계에서 아질산염 소거능과 NDMA 생성억제능은 시료 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 반응계의 pH가 산성영역일수록 더 높은 활성을 보였다. 유자 과육 및 과피추출물을 첨가한 경우 아질산염 소거능 및 NDMA 생성억제능은 과피추출물에서 다소 높은 활성을 보였다. 유자주스와 각 획분의 아질산염 소거능은 pH 1.2에서 주스를 첨가한 경우에 92.2±3.2~98.2±3.4%로 가장 높았으며, 다음으로 유기산 획분, phenolic 획분 및 ascorbate 획분의 순으로 나타났다 유자로부터 NDMA생성억제에 주된 영향을 주는 물질은 유기산인 것으로 생각된다.

This paper presents a new heuristic algorithm for the machine celJ(MC) formation problem. MC formation problem is represented as an unbalanced k-way network partition and the proposed algorithm uses four stage-approach to solve the problem. Four stages ar

In this paper, machine cell formation problem is discussed. To reflect precisely actual manufacturing situations such as routing sequences, production quantities, and machining (or operation) characteristics, a new network presentation for the problem is

The oocyte and its surrounding granulosa cells co-exist in a closed compartment called a follicle, although they receive many signals from other parts of the body. It is well established that the intercellular communications between the oocyte and granulosa cells are required for normal oocyte development and ovulation during folliculogenesis. Gap junctions are intercellular channels allowing the direct transmission of ions and small molecules between coupled cells. Several lines of studies have shown that multiple connexins (Cx, subunits of gap junction) are expressed in mammalian ovarian follicles. Among them, two major connexins Cx37 and Cx43 are expressed in different manner. While the gap junction channels formed by Cx37 are localized between the oocyte and encompassing granulosa cells, the intercellular channels by Cx43 are located between granulosa cells. In this review, I will summarize the general properties of gap junction channels and discuss their possible formation (or compatibility) of intercellular channels formed by the oocyte and granulosa cells.

In order to search for anti -melanin formation agents from Korean medicinal herbs, we selected 21 Korean medicinal herbs, based on a review of Korean traditional medicine books and the recommendations of Korean traditional medical doctors. We tested for i

The results obtained are summarized as follows; (1) Boehmite produced in the high temperature and acid region showed a nano fibrous shape with several nm in diameter and several hundreds nm in length having high specific surface areas with a maximum value of . (2) In order to obtain nano fibrous boehmite with high surface areas from nano metal powder, the hydrolysis reaction should be done at a high temperature over , high acidity under pH 6, and terminated before a transition to the bayerite phase.

This study investigates research into textbooks of morals in the Japan’s Meiji and Taisyo eras. Japanese nationality was formed in these times. I will investigates intention and a purpose of moral-education first of all. This was made by ethics of the three fundamental principles and the moral disciplines in human relations of China. Japanese education-royal command flowed from the three fundamental principles and the moral disciplines in human relations. I will analyze this, and I will recognize intention and a purpose of child moral-education. I will watch moral life of personal and family, school, society and national. These are making relation with all Japanese-CHONWHANGJE. And I will look into these. I am going to all consider how an ideology along formation of Japanese modern nationality appears in this role and differences.

The recycling cell formation problem means that disposal products are classified into recycling product families using group technology in their end-of-life phase. Disposal products have the uncertainties of product condition usage influences. Recycling cells are formed considering design, process and usage attributes. In this paper, a new approach for the design of cellular recycling system is proposed, which deals with the recycling cell formation and assignment of identical products concurrently. Fuzzy ART neural networks are applied to describe the condition of disposal product with the membership functions and to make recycling cell formation. The approach leads to cluster materials, components, and subassemblies for reuse or recycling and can evaluate the value at each cell of disposal products. Disposal refrigerators are shown as an example.

현미배지의 수분함량에 따른 균사체 배양을 조사한 결과 수분함량을 180㎖로 하였을 때 균사생장 길이가 101.3~108.3mm로 가장 높았다. 적정 종균 접종량을 조사한 결과 액체종균 접종량을 100㎖로 하였을 때 균사생장 길이가 95.3~107.8mm로 가장 높았다. 또한 배지량을 적게 하였을 때 균사생장이 빨리 이루어졌고 균사의 밀도도 높게 나타나는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 원목배지의 살균시간에 따른 오염율을 조사한 결과 살균시간 60분에서 오염율 12%로 조사되었으며, 살균시간 120분에서 오염율 1%로 가장 낮게 조사되었다. 원목배지의 종류에 따른 균사 생장 및 자실체 형성에 관한 실험에서는 참나무와 뽕나무에서 각 Biological efficiency가 12.56%와 11.59%로 높게 조사되었다. 공시균주의 종류에 따른 자실체 형성에서는 PH-211 균주의 원목재배에서 Biological efficiency가 12.56%로 가장 높게 조사되었으며, 다음으로 PH-5 균주가 11.36%로 높게 조사되었다.

눈꽃동충하초 분생자경속을 형성하는데 액체배양을 이용한 접종원의 배지는 PDB가 가장 우수하였으며, 분생자경속 형성에 유리한 배양온도는 20℃로 나타났다. 조명은 500lx.에서 가장 양호한 성장을 하였으며 광조사 시간은 18hr이 가장 유리한 분생자경형성 조건을 나타내었다. 알맞은 배지 조건은 번데기와 현미를 50 : 50 의 비율에 증류수를 현미에 1 : 1비율로 첨가한 혼합배지에서 높게 나타났다. 번데기배지는 원형상태와 분쇄상태 중에서는 분쇄된 상태에서 번데기배지의 공극률이 높아 균사의 침입이 용이하여 분생자경속 회수율과 균사의 배지내에 형성이 원형상태의 번데기보다 더욱 높게 나타났으며, 균사의 생장도 역시 분쇄한 번데기에서 더욱 빠르고 고르게 나타났다. 종균 접종량은 15㎖의 종균을 접종하면 분생자경속이 잘 형성되었다. 눈꽃동충하초 재배에 가장 안정하게 재배하려면 분쇄한 번데기에 현미와 혼합한 배지에 종균 15 ㎖를 접종하여 24 에서 발이를 시킨 후 20℃의 배양실에서 재배하는 것이 가장 좋은 것으로 나타났다.

This study provides a descriptive and analytical account of major aspects of urban development and transformation of housing types of Italian Firenze from the 13th century to the 19th century. It is a typo-morphological depiction of urban spatial structure of the extraordinary city, Firenze, the center of Italian Renaissance. And this study has proceeded on the assumption that the evolving form of the urban structure and housing types cannot be understood without reference to the larger context of political, economic, and social life. Based on these backgrounds, the purpose of this study is threefold: to provide a comprehensive discussion of general characteristics of urban spatial structure of Firenze, and to explain the process of formation of working-class neighborhoods by constructing new city wall in later 13th century, and to discuss transformation of housing types of the working-class neighborhood with understanding the mechanism of existence of housing in the newly formed residential neighborhoods. The development of residential neighborhoods was pursued by 'planned' manner through forming square-shaped blocks, and characterized by the subdivision of larger properties into standardized building lots for the construction of houses. On the bases of documentary evidences, several ecclesiastical institutions are identified as the agents of a distinctive type of development. While the institutions did the major role for developing lands, the construction of houses was done by small scale construction agents with moderate amount of properties. The major housing type of working-class neighborhoods of Firenze has been the 'casa a schiera' characterized by the form of narrow front and long depth. The type was generalized by the newly formed middle and working-class of Firenze which grew their body very rapidly, Even though the type assumed very uniform in its fen there were many variations. And through passing time, the casa a schiera developed to be multi-family housing, and the level of variation became deepen. Eventually, transformation of housing type of Firenze was ended by appearance of the 'casa in linea', which was very similar to modern apartment in its spatial organization.