본 논고는 『史記』중「本紀」,「世家」,「列傳」의 대화문을 대상으로 하여 그라이스(Grice)의 대화협력원리 이론을 통해 화자의 화용양상을 살펴보았다. 협력원리로 화자의 대화를 분석해 보면 화자의 의도가 표면적 사전중심의 의미만이 아닌 이면의 함축적 정보에 의해 청자에게 효과적인 메시지가 전달되는 것을 알 수 있다. 함축은 화용론에서는 특히 중요한 개념이다. 기존의 통사론과 의미론이 문장 혹은 표면적 연구에 머물러 있었다면 화용의 관점에서는 발 화를 통해 화자가 상대방에게 전달하고자 하는 의도에 더 큰 비중을 둔다. 따라서 본 연구의 주된 목적은 기존의 연구와 번역에서 청자에 해당하는 독자에게 제공된 表謙副詞 “竊”과 “伏”의 부족한 함축적 정보를 알아보고 고전원문의 직역이 아닌 자연스러운 한국어 번역으로써의 대안을 살펴보는 것이다.

The phase properties of ground acceleration records from Mw 5.5~6.5 earthquakes are analyzed. The interrelationships between phase properties and significant durations, as well as PGA, are clarified through both of theoretical and empirical approaches. The probabilistic characteristics of phase information is also discussed based on previous studies and it is shown that circular normal distribution is the most appropriate probability distribution for the phase angle and phase difference. Whereas those variates can be modeled by Gaussian random variables. From the survey results on the frequency dependency of the phase statistics, a simple model is introduced, which is possible to express the frequency dependency of phase information. It is also shown that the significant duration can be controlled by appropriately chosen standard deviation of phase difference for 4~8Hz frequency band and additional consideration of phase scattering in higher frequency band through a series of Monte Carlo simulations. The source of phase scattering effect is also pointed out and discussed.

본 연구결과에서는 한국산 나방살이뭉툭맵시벌속의 8미기록종을 한국에 처음 보고하며, 나방살이뭉툭맵시벌속(신칭) 역시 한국에 처음으로 기록되는 속이다. 본 논문에서는 한국산 나방살이뭉툭맵시벌속의 분류를 위한 검색표 및 미기록종들의 진단형질과 표본사진을 제공하였다.

‘The True Record of the Joseon Dynasty’ (1392-1863) is a historical document of the Joseon Dynasty which lasted 519 years with rulings of 27 kings in Korean history. This article examines this document to show how kings and bureaucrats of the Joseon Dynasty perceived works of Su Shi, a famous writer from the Song Dynasty. As a writer of the Song Dynasty, Su Shi had a negative view on the Goryeo Dynasty (918-1392) although his works were regarded as the best writings by the Goryeo and Joseon scholars. All the Joseon bureaucrats read and learnt Su Shi’s works. Naturally, the Joseon bureaucrats of the royal palace often cited Su Shi’s writings. Many of the Joseon bureaucrats memorized Su Shi’s “A suggestion recommendation to Shenzong Emperor.” This contained some details of bureaucrats’ suggestions to their emperor regarding state administration. For instance, one of the most cited phrase was that it was important duty of bureaucrats to raise their formal counsel to the emperor. Also, Su Shi was often cited when emphasizing the importance of various national events’ proceedings. Beside these, Su Shi’s view point and ideas had a great influence on Joseon bureaucrats. However, Since the Joseon Dynasty was the center of Neo-Confucianism, however, the idea of Su Shi was somewhat rejected. For this reason, some bureaucrats expressed their explicit objection against Su Shi’s works. On the contrary thinkers such as Wang Anshi and Zhu Xi, who were loyal to the kingship, were respected. It was found in this article that quotations of Wang Anshi and Zhi Xi were used much more frequent than Su Shi’s quotations in conversations between kings and their servants. In this regard, it can be said that the Joseon Dynasty bureaucrats knew about Su Shi’s works, but they had an antipathy toward his ideas.

When identifying the dancheong during the Joseon Dynasty, a great number of the terms used [e.g., dancheong(丹靑), geumbyeok(金碧), danhwak(丹雘), danbyeok(丹碧), dannok(丹綠), danchil(丹漆), hyuchil(髹漆), hyudong(髹彤), etc.] are found in literature records. However, the details are still veiled. This study investigated the characteristics of dancheong-related terms by analyzing their usages and contents based on literature records from the Joseon period. Architecturally, geumbyeok, danbyeok and dannok were used in temples, and dancheong was painted on walls. In the royal palace, danhwak was adopted while dancheong was also painted on these walls as well. Specifically, danchil was applied to the columns inside and outside buildings while hyudong was painted on rafter, walls and roof tiles. In addition, hyuchil was applied to the inside of the royal palace.

The first checklist of the Marsh Beetles (Coleoptera: Scirtidae) is presented based on literature records and specimens collected from Korean peninsula. The total of 19 species belonging to seven genera were catalogued. All recorded genus Cyphon species from Korean peninsula are transferred to genus Contacyphon by Zwick et al., 2013: Contacyphon coreanicus Klausnitzer, 1975, C. consobrinus Nyholm, 1949, C. laevipennis, C. padi (Linnaeus, 1758), C. palustris Thomson, 1855. Of these C. padi (Linnaeus), Hydrocyphon nakanei Yoshitomi, 2001, H. satoi Yoshitomi, 2001, Odeles inornata (Lewis, 1895), and Scirtes sobrinus Lewis, 1895 are recorded for the first time in South Korea. Photographs of dorsal adults and line drawings of diagnostic characters of new recorded Scirtids are provided. This work was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), funded by the Ministry of Environment (MOE) of the Republic of Korea (NIBR201801201).

Two new records of subgenus Platysoma Leach, 1817 are identified from Korea: Platysoma (Platysoma) takehikoi Ôhara, 1986 and Platysoma (Platysoma) vagans Lewis, 1884. Herein, we provide a key to species of subgenus Platysoma, with diagnoses and images for newly recorded species.

Cylapine plant bug, Bothriomiris gotohi Yasunaga, 2000 and Peritropis advena Kerzhner, 1972 is reported from Korean peninsula for the first time. Morphological diagnosis for the genus is provided with dorsal habitus, female and male genital structure of Korean Cylapinae species. Also, keys to genera and to species of Korean Cylapinae provided for proper identification.

Acinetospora asiatica and Botrytella reinboldii are reported as two new records from S. Korea based on morphological studies and molecular analyses. A. asiatica is mainly characterized by the presence of sparsely branched uniseriate filaments with diffused meristematic zones, the formation of crampons at right angles, and the formation of plurilocular sporangia on both prostrate and erect filaments. B. reinboldii is characterized by the presence of irregularly alternating branched uniseriate filaments attached by rhizoids, and single or clustered plurilocular sporangia with a single opening. Molecular analyses of rbcL gene revealed that A. asiatica and B. reinboldii are placed within each clade of Acinetospora and Botrytella, respectively.

A study describing unrecorded and taxonomically undescribed indigenous species is in progress since 2006. Samples were collected from many sites in coastal waters and offshore of Korea as well as from Jeju Island. Since 2008, we have found ten unrecorded species of four genera belonging to family Dinophysaceae, Gonyaulacaceae, Gymnodiniaceae, and Heterocapsaceae. The species are as follows, Dinophysis elongata (2016 winter), D. nasuta (2016 winter), Gonyaulax alaskensis (2016 winter), G. diegensis (2017), G. monospina (2008), Amphidinium flagellans (2017), Heterocapsa circularisquama (2017), H. horiguchii (2017), H. lanceolata (2017), and H. pygmaea (2017) (note; The numbers in the parenthesis refer to the year in which the species was reported as unrecorded indigenous species by National Institute of Biological Resources, NIBR hereafter). Among them, seven species were described as newly recorded species in Korean waters, and three have been re-described in this study.

A research probing for the unrecorded and taxonomically undescribed indigenous species has been initiated since 2006. Samples were collected from an intertidal zone along the coasts of Korea as well as around the Jeju Island. We have found five unrecorded species of four genera belonging to the order Dinophysiales, Gymnodiniales, Peridiniales, and Prorocentrales. The species are as follows, Sinophysis canaliculata (2017) Bispinodinium angelaceum (2015), Cabra armorica (2016), Prorocentrum bimaculatum (2017), and P. tsawwassenense (2017) (note; The numbers in parenthesis refer to the year in which the species was reported as unrecorded indigenous species by National Institute of Biological Resources, NIBR hereafter).

Although milk, which is a representative western food, has a more than 100-year history in Korea, the preference is controversial. This study examined the milk history of Choseon in 1884~1938. This period was divided into 4 periods regarding the westerner’s records and advertisements. Westerners who visited Choseon in 1884~1895 (1st period) recorded the eating habits of Choseon,i.e., no milk consumed, even in insufficient food situation. Among the westerners, medical missionaries began to show or/and recommend condensed milk for sick children. In 1896~1909 (2nd period) newspapers, general shops in Hanseong for westerners showed advertisements of dairy products. In the 1900s, condensed and raw milk were advertised through newspapers. Domestic ranching systems to produce raw milk were established at that time mainly by Japanese. In the 1910s (3rd period), raw milk and condensed milk were advertised in newspapers. Since the mid-1920s (4th period), dairy products were bisected into condensed and powdered (dried) milk. Moreover, many Japanese manufacturers appeared in the advertisement in the 1920s. These results suggest that milk has been recognized as a symbol of an enlightenment food in Korea since the late 1900s, but the old negative wisdom, unfamiliar taste, and high price of milk at that time limited its appeal.

This study is to find out the process of changes concerning the cadastral records that consist of the cadastre, the cadastral map and various registers of land in Japanese Colonial Period. The cadastre and cadastral map were the most important part of them and became the basis of cadastral records. These two registers were first made out according to the Project of Colonial Land Survey in the year 1912. As the influx of foreign Weights and Measures was greatly influenced by the foreign concession since 1876, the traditional units of the Weights and Measures had abolished finally. The extortion of sovereignty led a rapid change to the Weights and Measures in 1910. Japan compelled us to change into Japanese System of Measurement. From that time on, Lot(筆地) and Pyeong(坪) were settled down on the registers of land.

Limacodidae, also known as slug moths, comprise about 1,000 species worldwide (Epstein et al., 1998). This moth group is characterized by two adult characteristics: the presence of the female legs with the recessed pad of sensilla trichodea underneath and the entire, disk-shaped papillae anales, and four characteristics in immature stages: the absence of the crochets in all instars of larvae; the presence of the extended pupal maxilla, contiguous with the labial palpus; the hard, ovoid cocoons, lid invisible when uneclosed; and the flat, thin eggs (Epstein, 1996). Since Fixsen (1887), a total of 19 genera and 26 species of Limacodidae have been recorded from Korea. In the present paper, we reported three species of Limacodidae new to the Korean fauna: Ceratonema butleri Kawada, 1930, Microleon decolatus Sasaki, 2016, and Isopenthocrates japona Yoshimoto, 2004.

남해 중앙부의 가막만 입구해역에 설치된 sediment trap의 와편모조 시스트 및 시스트에서 발아된 유영세포에서 국내 미기록 와편모조 시스트 9종을 관찰하였기에 형태적 특징을 고찰하였다. 미기록 와편모조 시스트는 모두 종속영양종으로 와편모조문 (Dinophyta), 와편모조강 (Dinophyceae), 페리디니움목 (Peridiniales)에 속하였다. 미기록 종은 Brigantedinium majusculum (Protoperidinium sinuosum), cyst of Diplopsalis lebourae, cyst of Protoperidinium excentricum, cyst of Pt. sp. cf. nudum, cyst of Pt. obtusum, cyst of Pt. ventricum, cyst of Protoperidinium sp.1, cyst of Protoperidinium sp.2 및 미동정된 cyst of Peridinales 등이었다.

This study develops an empirical prediction equation of spectral acceleration responses of earthquakes which can induce structural damages. Ground motion records representing hazards of low-to-moderate seismic regions were selected and organized with several influential factors affecting the response spectra. The empirical equation and estimator coefficients for acceleration response spectra were then proposed using a robust nonlinear optimization coupled with a regression analysis. For analytical verification of the prediction equation, response spectra used for low-to-moderate seismic regions were estimated and the predicted results were comparatively evaluated with measured response spectra. As a result, the predicted shapes of response spectra can simulate the graphical shapes of measured data with high accuracy and most of predicted results are distributed inside range of correlation of variation (COV) of 30% from perfectly correlated lines.