In this study, a full-length heat shock protein88 complementary DNA (cDNA) of Paecilomyces tenuipes Jocheon-1 was obtained by screening of P. tenuipesJocheon-1 Uni-Zap cDNA library and 5' RACE polymerase chain reaction. The Paecilomyces tenuipes Jocheon-1 heat shock protein88 cDNA contains an open reading frame of 2,139 bp encoding 713 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence of the P. tenuipes Jocheon-1 HSP88 cDNA showed 77% identity to N. haematococca HSP88 and 45-76% identity to other fungi HSP88. Phylogenetic analysis and BLAST program analysis confirmed that the deduced amino acid sequences of the P. tenuipes Jocheon-1 HSP88 gene belonged to the ascomycetes group within the fungal clade and P. tenuipes Jocheon-1 HSP88 also contains the conserved ATPase domain at the N-terminal. The cDNA encoding P. tenuipes Jocheon-1 HSP88 was expressed as a 88 kDa polypeptide in baculovirus-infected insect Sf9 cells. Under different stress conditions, mRNA expression of P. tenuipes Jocheon-1 HSP88 were quantified by real-time PCR and the result showed that heat shock stress affected the mRNA expression levels of P. tenuipes Jocheon-1 HSP88.

We calculate the energy spectra of cosmic ray (CR) protons and electrons at a plane shock with quasi-parallel magnetic fields, using time-dependent, diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) simulations, including energy losses via synchrotron emission and Inverse Compton (IC) scattering. A thermal leakage injection model and a Bohm type diffusion coefficient are adopted. The electron spectrum at the shock becomes steady after the DSA energy gains balance the synchrotron/IC losses, and it cuts off at the equilibrium momentum peq. In the postshock region the cutoff momentum of the electron spectrum decreases with the distance from the shock due to the energy losses and the thickness of the spatial distribution of electrons scales as p-1. Thus the slope of the downstream integrated spectrum steepens by one power of p for pb < p < peq, where the break momentum decreases with the shock age as pbr ∝ t-1. In a CR modified shock, both the proton and electron spectrum exhibit a concave curvature and deviate from the canonical test-particle power-law, and the upstream integrated electron spectrum could dominate over the downstream integrated spectrum near the cutoff momentum. Thus the spectral shape near the cutoff of X-ray synchrotron emission could reveal a signature of nonlinear DSA.

The shock absorber base assembly is one of the parts in the shock absorber equipment that controls the vehicle movement. It absorbs the shock and vibration to guarantee riding stability and comfort. It demands strength, reliability and strict airtightness

Shock absorber base assembly is one of the parts in shock absorber equipment which control the vehicle movement and absorb the shock and vibration to realize the stability and the comfort for the riding. This part demand hardness, reliance and rigorous density of the welded section because it is a resist pressure container which needs durability by being filled with gas and oil. However, the present engineering needs much time, high cost and shows low production rate due to the eight processes which are spot welding, reinforcement welding(MAG), prior process of base cap and tube for the precision and pressing etc. In this study we will analyze the problem of the processes for the base assembly and suggest an engineering to improve the problem innovatively using frictional welding. As the result of experiment by frictional welding using frictional heat, its hardness for the joining section became high and its precision showed excellence. Therefore we can expect the curtailment for the welding processes, the reduction of cost and excellent joining function.

For stable germline transformation, the promoter of B. mori cytoplasmic actin gene (BmA3) was used to ubiquitous expression of transgenes. Except for BmA3 promoter, promoters used to regulate gene expressionin all tissues and developmental stages of B. mori were not nearly developed. To identify more powerful promoter than previously reported BmA3 promoter (Mange et al., 1997), we introduced a new dot blot hybridization method, and isolated nine clones that show stronger dot signal compared to the control, BmA3by this method. Among these 9 clones, we focused on one clone which has high amino acid homology (94%) with heat shock protein 70 gene of Trichoplusia ni. This resulting positive clone, named bHsp70 (B. mori heat shock protein 70) was ubiquitiously expressed in tissues and developmental stage of fifth instar B. mori larvae,and stimulated bythermal and ER stress. As result of promoter assay using dual luciferase assay system, we found the highest transcription activity region (-1003/+147) in the 5'-flanking region of bHsp70 gene that has 264-fold more intensive promoter activity than BmA3 promoter. Moreover, transcription activity of bHsp70 promoter under heat shock condition (42 ℃, 4 hr) was increased over 2-fold than normal condition. Therefore, we suggest that bHsp70 promoter may be used more effective candidate for transgene expression in B. mori.

쇽옵서버 피스톤로드(shock absorber piston rod)는 자동차의 충격과 진동의 흡수에 작용하는 자동차 현가장치(sus-pension equipment)부품의 일종이다. 피스톤로드는 자동차 충격흡수에 매우 밀접한 영향을 주기 때문에 제조에 있어서 고도의 정밀도와 표면 매끄러움이 요구된다. 피스톤로드의 제조공정은 선삭, 홈가공, 밀링, 건조 등 여러 공정으로 구성되는데, 여기서 품질불량에 가장 크게 영향을 주는 공정은 선삭공정(lathing

We investigated the effects of cadmium exposure and various stress on the transcription of heat shock protein 70 and 82 (HSP70 and HSP82) from Pardosa astrigera wolf spider. To do this, P. astrigera HSP70 and HSP82 genes were cloned and its full-length sequence determined. Female spiders were long-term exposed to cadmium or to polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) for 2, 4 and 6 weeks and short-term exposed to endosulfan by dietary uptake. Female spiders were also exposed to various temperatures. HSP82 did not show a clear tendency of transcription induction following exposure to cadmium. On the contrary, HSP70 transcription gradually increased during the exposure to 2, 20 and 40 mM of cadmium for 2, 4 and 6 weeks. Transcript level of HSP70 was not significantly changed by endosulfan and PCB exposure. In the short-term (3 hr) temperature exposure, an increased expression of HSP70 was observed under the heat shock to 30°C and then slightly decreased at 35°C. However, induction of HSP70 transcription was not observed during the long-term (7 days) temperature exposure. Taken together, HSP70 gene appears to be up-regulated by cadmium in a time-dependent manner but little affected by other potential contaminants. Analysis of HSP70 transcript levels in P. astrigera collected from various fields revealed that levels of cadmium concentration were well correlated with HSP70 transcript levels (r2 = 0.76). Taken together, it was suggested that transcript level of HSP70 could be useful as a biomarker for the long-term cadmium exposure of P. astrigera.

현행 고속도로 연결로 중 감속차로의 길이는 자유교통류 상태에서 유출차량이 본선과 유출부 사이의 속도의 차이에 적응할 수 있는 제동거리로써 결정된다. 그러나 실제 도로의 운영상태에서는 항상 자유교통류 상태를 유지할 수 없으며 때로는 유출부에서 대기행렬이 형성되게 된다. 대기행렬은 그 이후 접근하는 유출차량이 감속차로 이전에서부터 감속을 해야 하는 상황을 발생시켜 본선 교통류에 영향을 주게 될 뿐만 아니라, 일부 입체교차로에서는 감속차로의 길이보다 더 길게 대기행렬이 형성됨으로 인하여 본선 최하위 차로까지 점유하게 되어 소통 및 안전에 큰 지장을 초래하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제를 해결할 수 있는 대안을 개발할 수 있는 방법론을 개발하기 위하여 충격파 이론을 적용하여 본선 및 유출부의 교통량, 설계속도 등에 따른 유출부 감속차로에서의 대기행렬 길이를 산정하여 현행 감속차로의 길이와 비교하였다. 그리고 대기행렬이 본선 교통류에 대한 영향을 최소화할 수 있도록 감속차로의 수에 따른 대기행렬길이의 변화도 분석하였다. 결과에 의하면 유출램프의 설계속도를 10km/h 상향시킴으로써 대기행렬의 길이는 10% 감소되며, 램프의 차로수를 1개에서 2개로 증가시키게 되면 50%의 대기행렬 감소를 기대할 수 있는 것으로 분석되었다.

For development of a human body model for electric shock, electroconductive paints with carbon black as a filler material were developed. The characteristics of the volume resistivities of thin films fabricated using the electroconductive paints were investigated as a function of the particle sizes and content of carbon black. With a carbon black particle size over 80 μm, agglomeration of carbon black powders was observed. The volume resistivity of the particles increased as the porosity increased and as the amount of carbon black decreased due to the agglomeration of carbon black powders. With a particle size of 4 μm and 20 μm, agglomeration of carbon black powders was not observed and their porosities were measured as 0.86% and 1.12% with volume resistivities of 20 Ω·cm and 80 Ω·cm respectively. A carbon black particle size of less than 20 μm is considered to be suitable as a type of electric-shock electroconductive paint for a human body model.

Recently Transgenesis was achieved in Bombix mori. For stable and effective transgenesis in B.mori, B.mori cytoplasmic actin gene (BmA3) promoter was used to expression of marker gene, the green fluorescent protein(GFP). Green fluorescent protein expression for selection of transformants was visible in all larval, pupal, and adult tissues but, unexpectdly, was not detectable in embryos. So, it spend times and money on rearing of silkworm. Furthermore, the BmA3 promoter is predominantly active in the midgut, which makes it difficult to reliably identify transformants since autofluorescence of many insect foods can mask low-level fluorescence and only allows the detection of strongly expressing individuals with potentially multiple insertions. Therefore, we need more intensely promoter than BmA3 promoter for selected by expression of GFP in embryos and selected by reliable expression of GFP in larvae. We performed dot blot hybridization to develop strong promoter. Nine differentially expressed clones were isolated and we focused one clone of them which has high similarity with heat shock protein 70 gene from D.melanogaster. We named it as bHSP70 (Bombyx mori heat shock protein 70). Expression from the hsp70 promoter was strong and heat shock-dependent. And Drosophila hsp70 promoter appears useful for regulating expression of Exogenous DNA. So, we analyzed transcriptional activity of promoter with bHSP70 gene by using dual luciferase assay system. bHSP70 promoter has about 264 folds more intensely than BmA3 promoter. Also, when bHSP70 promoter treated heat shock(42℃), transcriptional activity incresed 2 times more than normal condition. Therefore, we suggest that bHSP70 promoter is more effective candidate for stable transformation and selection of transformants.

We examined the effects of cadmium exposure and various temperature stress on the expression of Pardosa astrigera heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). To do this, P. astrigera HSP70 gene was cloned and its sequence determined. Female spiders collected from non-contaminated region were exposed to 40mM CdCl2 for 2, 4 and 6 weeks by dietary uptake. At the end of every 2, 4 and 6 weeks of exposure, a batch of 5 spiders was collected and total RNA was extracted from each batch of whole bodies. Female spiders were also exposed to different temperatures (20, 25, 30 and 35℃) for 3h and RNA extracted likewise. Transcription profiles of HSP70 in response to cadmium and temperature were determined by quantitative real-time PCR using 18S rRNA as reference gene for data normalization. HSP70 transcription gradually increased during 2,4 and 6 weeks of exposure to cadmium. In particular, the expression level at 6-week exposure was 3.4-fold higher than that of untreated control. In the temperature response, an increased expression of HSP70 was also observed as temperature increased up to 30℃ and then slightly decreased at 35℃. The expression level at 30℃ was 2.3-fold higher than that of 25℃. Taken together, HSP70 gene appears to be up-regulated by general stress factors including cadmium exposure and temperature increase.

The objective of the present study is to investigate the increase in the functional characteristics of a substrate by the formation of a thin coating layer. Thin coating layers of have high potential because exhibits high hardness. Shock induced reaction synthesis is an attractive fabrication technique to synthesize uniform coating layer by controlling the shock wave. Ti and Si powders to form using shock induced reaction synthesis, were mixed using high-energy ball mill into small scale. The positive effect of this technique is highly functional coating layer on the substrate due to ultra fine substructure, which improves the bonding strength. These materials are in great demand as heat resisting, structural and corrosion resistant materials. Thin coating layer was successfully recovered and showed high Vickers' hardness (Hv=1183). Characterization studies on microstructure revealed a fairly uniform distribution of powders with good interfacial integrity between the powders and the substrate.

This paper was studied on the characteristics of acid resistance and thermal shock for epoxy coatings in the strong acidic environment. The exhaust gas system, such as a air preheater, desulfurization equipment, for industrial boiler is damaged by dew point corrosion. To protect the acid corrosion, the coating using nonmetal was applied. The electrochemical polarization test, acid resistance and thermal shock test for epoxy coatings were carried out. And the acid resistance and thermal shock characteristics, aspect, and electrochemical anti-corrosion characteristics for epoxy coatings in the strong acidic environment were considered. The main results are as followings: As the epoxy glass flake coating by acidic thermal shock was damaged to the crack, blistering and elution etc., the current density of epoxy glass flake coating is high. But the damage of epoxy metal complex coating by acidic thermal shock was not occurred. Therefore the characteristics of acid resistance and thermal shock for epoxy metal complex coating is better than those for epoxy glass flake coating.