The aim of this thesis is to outline the history of the mission of the Korean Church in Thailand and its characteristics, tasks and mission theological issues so that the thesis searches for the way of the mission of the Korean Church to contributing to the unity and empowerment of the Church of Thailand. To achieve this aim, the thesis deals with the social characteristics and value systems of Thai society and the history of the mission of Roman Catholics and of Protestants. Through suggesting the contour of the history of the mission of the Korean Church in Thailand, some characteristics of the mission of Korean Church are church plant, church-centered passion, project-centered and materialistic mission, and independent seminaries. Tasks of the mission of Korean Church in Thailand are acceptance of Thai Christians' critiques on Korean missionaries, Korean missionaries' understanding of Thai culture in depth, meagerness and lack of mission strategies, halt in mission, missionary kids' education, partnership in mission, acceptance of difference of Thai church culture, understanding of the missionary tasks from the socio-cultural and religious situation of Thai church, and theological issues. The main results of the research are as follows: first of all, there are two kinds of church in Thailand: one belongs to the Church of Christ in Thailand, the other to the Evangelical Fellowship of Thailand. Some Korean missionaries, however, established independent denominations and ran seminaries so that those denominations and seminaries obstructed the unity of Church in Thailand. These activities of Korean Church cannot be regarded as mission. Secondly, Korean missionaries to Thailand should not transplant the culture of the Korean Church to Thailand. Rather with Thai Church leaders, their missionary tasks are looking for the ways of how to communicate and share the Gospel with Buddhist Thais and identifying the appropriate ecclesiology in Buddhist society. Thirdly, the future of the mission of Korean Church to Thailand depends on whether Korean missionaries could expand the model of the partnership in mission done by the missionaries belonged to the Presbyterian Church of Korea to the relation between the Church of Thailand and Korean missionaries. Lastly, such an expansion of the model of the partnership in mission will be possible only when the ecumenical churches and the evangelical churches can reach a common conclusion through coming to an agreement on the theological issues such as human-centered theology, religious pluralism and mission methods and mission theology in the Buddhist country.

Willem Adolf Visser ’t Hooft was born on 1900 in Netherland and moved into Geneva in 1924 in order to work with YMCA as a general secretary. From 1928, he also was involved in World Student Christian Federation and became an editor of The Student World. Then he worked in World Council of Churches from 1938 to 1966 as a general secretary. He published The Ecumenical Review and was the editor of it from 1948. He hosted many ecumenical meetings, including Evanston (1954) and New Delhi (1961) WCC General Assembly and actively participated in lecturing and writing in the world. Although he was born in the West and had been educated in the West, he humbly accepted the sinful nature of Western churches. He acknowledged they had been affected by syncretism, pluralism, and Neo-paganism. Hooft understood the church in two different dimensions. One is that church is a spiritual community which gets salvation by Christ, becomes a new creature (I Cor. 5: 17), and lives in the Kingdom of God in the eschatological hope. The other is that church is a sinful human organization. Especially, Western churches have compromised the Gospel of Christ with many contemporary philosophy, theory, ideology, and other religions. In such a situation, church should be renewed. Hooft argued that the authentic church’s renewal is not an event or program that can be acquired, but it is an ongoing process in relationship with God. In other words, the renewal of churches does not rely on human’s endeavor or achievement, but the sovereignty of God. He is the subject of churches’ renewal and each church is in His hands. In terms of this perspective, He leads churches’ renewal and churches should pay attention to His will and ways towards other churches. In this sense, according to Hooft, the first step of renewal, is repentance before God. Then churches should listen carefully to the Word of God. The renewals cannot be done in a certain amount of time; rather it is a lifelong process in the living God. Hooft insisted on that the renewal of churches should be visible, tangible, and concrete in this world. In that sense, Hooft emphasized the unity of churches. People have been separated, but Christ never. If Christians believe that Christ creates churches, they are one body. They cannot be divided in Christ, although they have different backgrounds. If Hooft’s claim is true, the unity of churches should be manifested in this world. Again, unity of churches is not an event or political project; rather it is an ongoing process in relationship with God. He is an initiator of churches’ unity and He is the One who finalizes in His time. It does mean that the unity of churches should grow up “from” Christ “to” Christ. In conclusion, Hooft focused on the missional nature of church in terms of fulfilling the renewal and unity of churches. He said that the problems of church unity are supremely relevant to the evangelistic and missionary tasks in the world. In addition, Hooft claimed that the renewal of the Church implies, therefore also that the Church rediscovers its apostolic, missionary character. For Hooft, the Church is the missionary Church, because it is the instrument of God’s world-embracing plan of salvation.

The researcher in this paper tries to suggest proper indicators of the missional church based on his critical evaluation to Dr. Kookil Han’s study of missional churches in Korea. The researcher describes ‘Missio Dei,’ ‘the Bible-centered evangelicalism,’ ‘the emphasis of indigenous culture,’ ‘practicalism,’ ‘the focus on the essence of the church,’ ‘dynamics of the Holy Spirit,’ ‘ministry of lay people,’ and ‘the pursuit of the dispersive church’ as the main characteristics of the missional church. The researcher highly evaluates Dr. Kookil Han’s endeavor to study emerging missional churches in Korea. However, the researcher points out that some cases which Dr. Han introduced, do not reach to the criterion of the missional church in terms of the main characteristics of the missional church. In this paper, Songahk church, Hannam first church, Sungkwang church, Kwangyang-Daekwang church, Sungam church are described as emerging missional churches in Korea. From the common characteristics of these churches, the researcher factors out 12 indicators for the missional church: 1) the missional church is to be on evangelistic ecumenicalism based on theology of Trinity; 2) the missional church should exercise good influence to the local community; 3) the missional church needs to contribute to the development of the local society; 4) the missional church ought to understand the true value of the church; 5) the missional church should endeavor to be a living community; 6) the missional church must not have any internal conflict among people in the church for more than ten years; 7) the missional church needs to endeavor for the cross-cultural mission; 8) the missional church should support the horizontal structure in which the clergy and the laity lead the faith community together; 9) the missional church is to catch up with the changing trend of the region and the times; 10) the missional church should be financially independent; 11) the missional church ought to be ecumenical in working with others; 12) the missional church must work for the larger community where the local church stands.The researcher lastly argues that Korean church leaders need to dig out more missional churches in Korea and establish a reliable criterion indicating the missional church for developing a biblically faithful and culturally relevant missional ecclesiology in Korea.

Korean church nowadays is facing same situation as Missional Church appeared in the West. Korean church is corrupted inside and brought the disability and loss of trust externally due to loss of the essence of faith and lack of the suitability to the society. The fact that Korean church is confronting the worst crisis in Korean history urges us to bring appropriate solutions to recover the fundamental worth and to communicate with altered Korean society effectively. As we are to recover the identity and the suitability and to solve internal and external problems in the church, neither the present church paradigm nor the program and the pastoral methodology is the key. Korean church reached at its prime with the programs and pastoral methodology and now these are bringing the dark age upon Korean church which is darker than ever. Therefore, it is the time for Korean church to be changed in every direction. The Missional Church was resulted in developing the main theme of mission that took the half of the century in western church. It does not mean to recover Christendom and to find better principle and method to pursuit church growth but it is the movement–which started with church movement and mission recovering movement–that examines the situation that church is in seriously and studies it academically. GOCN(Gospel and Our Culture Network) has been working on Missional Church movement in the area of Missional Hermeneutic recently. Since Mission comes from the nature of God, the whole Bible should be dealt with Mission but not some specific verses. Therefore, this essay will focus on introducing Missional Hermeneutic Christopher Wright provide. This research will give an opportunity to illuminate the characteristic of Missional Church–the ethical perspective of Mission.The relationship between Mission and ethics is very close. The author insists that ethicality is the sign to distinguish the church from the secular world and it forms Mission. Ethics itself forms Mission in Missional Church as church exists as the light and the salt to the local society. Without biblical ethics, there is no biblical mission. This essay will prospect the Bible in Missional Hermeneutic and show the relationship between ethics and the aspect of election, redemption and covenant in the Israelite and church respectively. Biblical Mission needs biblical ethics. Moreover, ethics itself forms mission. Missional Church provides biblical basis for Missional Hermeneutic. Since Bible gives the right answer to the nature and the method of missional obedience, Word is the basis for church mission. The steps toward Missional Church should show the effort to examine the systems of every church throughly and biblically to be rooted and worked in serious relationship with God’s word. Missional Church movement should provide biblical basis on the nature of gospel and the essence, ministry and structure of church, In such need of these facts, this essay will provide examples to illuminate the biblical basis about Missional Church with the eyes of Missional Hermeneutic.

The Korean Church is well-known as the Church which conducts missionary works. Despite the short church-history, the Korean Church has not only considerate passions and dedicated attitudes toward Mission, but also human resources and material resources needed to the missionary works. Thus it goes without saying that the Korean Church stands on the rank of countries that are responsible for the World Mission. The Korean Church’s Mission has several distinct features, which are church-centered, Denominational Mission Department-centered sending-missionaries and then not setting up enough infra-structure. Upright Mission is accompanied by administrating and caring missionaries as well as gathering and choosing suitable people, sending and supporting them as missionaries, and making them settle in the mission field and grasping their missionary works. However, the Korean Church’s Mission is, so to speak, to be doing ‘Sending-centered Mission.’ Mission is recognized only to send missionaries and supporting their living expenses. Because of these reasons, Denominational Mission Department or Missionary Society beyond the Denomination don’t consider setting up intra-structure as the principal assignment. Currently, the Korean Church’s missionary model seems the Church-centered Mission model but, in fact, sending missionaries is carried on each church-centered events, for which primary structures and systems needed in conducting the missionary works are not equipped. Each church-centered sending-missionaries and Mission on the basis of sponsorship structure causes various problems in the choice of missionaries and their missionary activities. In many cases, to choose missionaries and to support them is done impromptu rather than designedly. There is no long-term missionary policy to supervise, manage, and take care of missionaries. The responsibility of all the missionary works is left to the missionaries alone. In order to perform the right Mission continuously, it is not sending many missionaries but establishing and operating frames and structures to support the working missionaries systematically that is the most urgent task. This article is to suggest the real alternative by recognizing the problems of Mission and realizing heartfelt the need of the infrastructure on Mission. After seizing pros and cons between each church-centered Mission model and Mission Society-centered Mission model, it is to search for solutions on structural problems which have been revealed in each church-centered Mission system in Korea Church now.

This paper is to study the missionary reflection of social service mission in Korea church after the 1945 liberation of Korea. When reflecting social service of Korea churches according to the historical features, it could be divided as before and after the 1945 liberation of Korea. The social service before the liberation could be summed up as ‘un-structural service period’ that had been conducted to Korean people in poverty, diseases and ignorance during the beginning of mission by the missionaries. The other could be summarized as ‘structural service period’ that is recognized the ideological conflict and the suffering from the division of Korea into north and south and the Korean war and ‘holistic service period’ that tried to avoid a crisis into social service mission as Korea churches in quantitative growth were experiencing stagnation. The mission before the l945 liberation was an education and a medical service as the approaching method in Korean society. But those services were one method for evangelism because they were based on conservatism theology of early missionaries. So, there was no missio-theological reflection for the extension of God’s Kingdom that Jesus Christ proclaimed in the world. Therefore early Korean churches are ‘un-structural service period’ that emphasizes only individual's spiritual salvation in the absence of society. During the Japanese colonial period social service of Korea church was ‘solidarity period’ that tried to find a clue of national problem solution from a rural community movement. Korean churches in the 1920s began to recognize social salvation and the world’s structural problems. The rural community movement also developed actively for about 10 years from the 1920s to the mid of 1930s, but it should be stopped due to the oppression in and out of church in the late 1930s. Even though there were many believers who died of dire persecution, many main religious associations in Korea found the way to live in sympathy with the visit of Japan’s shrine. After the 1945 liberation Koreans experienced both the joy of liberation from Japan and fratricidal war. In this period the duty of Korea churches was to save Clients in want and received financial support from the western churches because of economical poverty and impoverishment. And the April 19 pro-democracy movement in 1960 was happened due to the political corruption, but the democratization retreated because of the May 16 military coup in 1961. Industrialization and urbanization are promoted as focusing on the economic development, and UIM that helps the human rights abuses of workers origins. In this period Korean churches begin to open their eyes about the evil of social structure and illegality and corruption stemming from the huge gap forming between the rich and the poor, materialism and the negligence of humanity. So this is ‘structural service period,’ for Korean churches that are focusing on the individual’s spiritual salvation become to recognize the evil of social structure and injustice as mission work. Finally, since Korean churches after the 1970s are interested in the church’s growth and expansion, they are not into social service. The economic growth by the military regime caused trouble such as the gap between the rich and the poor, environmental disruption and materialism and formed urban slums. And also Korean churches that disregard these problems are contaminated by growth-oriented theology, but they surprisingly growed with the military regime. In this period the large scale gathering and revival are lively held, and churches closely cooperate in turning the concern about human rights and democratization into individual’s spirit salvation and blessing. As a result, Korean churches after the 1990s have been put aside in the society and stagnated constantly. Now Korean churches stand in between temptation of growth and responsibility of social service. The early Korean churches created the way to mission through social service building up many hospitals and schools as a method of evangelism. Therefore, Korean churches should revive a tradition of holistic mission with both evangelism and social responsibility.

Peace should be approached by inclusivism, consisted of politics, economy, international relationship, social welfare, community health care, education, and culture. For the current government of South Korea has been obsessed with ideology rather than national interests during the last five years, the relationship between South Korea and North Korea is in crisis. Theological foundations for reconciliation are truth, memory, repentance, justice, forgiveness, and love. The presupposition of reconciliation is to know what happened to the victim. The truth of the victim can be recognized through memory, that is the center of one’s identity. Repentance of the perpetrator is necessary for the process of reconciliation. In return the victim should forgive the perpetrator. In the whole process of reconciliation, love is a dominant factor. Theological foundations for peace are justice, reconciliation, nonviolence, just peace, and economic justice. Justice is the precondition for peace. And reconciliation is the way to peace. Nonviolence is the hope for peace. Just peace is suggested by the WCC as an alternative to the just war and pacifism. Economic justice is identified as an essence for peace. Tasks of the peace mission of the Korean Church for reconciliation and peace reunification of South Korea and North Korea are such as nonviolent communication, nurturing of the peacebuilders, the peace education for encouraging the culture of peace, the care for the victim of violence and programs for violence prevention, media as a peace messenger, the peace mission in the public area, and strategies of peace mission in the troubled areas. The peace mission should be approached by inclusivism and Christian realism as well. For practicing the peace mission the Korean Church can learn about important lessons from the various examples of the peace mission done by the member churches of the WCC during the Decade to Overcome Violence, from 2001 to 2010. The Korean Church is encouraged to study the precious experiences of the Peace Church (the Mennonites, the Quakers, and the Brethren Church) for enacting the peace mission.

This paper is to lay the theoretical foundation of missional church growth, which should be a new paradigm of church growth, in order to renew the Korean church in which distorted concepts of church growth are widespread. In this paper, I define missional church growth as the growth of missional church, which expands its social influence of the Gospel by becoming the witnessing church culturally appropriate in its local community and the world, in terms of not only inner dynamics through worship, education, and fellowship but also the praxis of evangelism, church planting, incarnational ministry, and public discipleship, ultimately the increase of responsible church members who came to the Christ. Prior to explaining the frame and basic concepts of missional church growth, I conducted two studies: firstly, I inquired into the theological theories of church growth and among them tried to find critical clues connecting to the missional church growth; and secondly, from a cultural view point, attempted to elucidate both the fact that some main concepts of traditional church growth theories were affected by modern values, and the postmodern culture is challenging Christian churches today to prepare a new paradigm of church growth. Basically, the missional church growth aims to accomplish the Lord’s Great Commission(Mt. 28:1920), which includes both evangelical mandate and cultural mandate. Thus, it is harmoniously toward enhancing both conversion growth and the social influence of the Gospel. It is also related to the endeavor to realize the apostolicity inherent in local churches, the missionary nature of the church. Its accomplishment would be through enhancing inner dynamics based on worship, education, and fellowship, and activating its missionary praxis toward the world. The missionary praxis includes four main works: evangelism, church planting, incarnational ministry, and public discipleship. Therefore, it could be mentioned that the missional church growth is carried out through the balanced perspective and practices in terms of the Gospel and culture. Finally, the missional church growth should be practiced in an orderly process. The nature, ministry, and structure of the church, three aspects in the life of the missional church, must be in regular sequence. Their order must not be changed: its ministry must come out of its nature and its structure must be built to fulfil its ministry effectively. When neglecting this orderly sequence, the church would be programdirected and losing its missionary nature, which consequently produces distorted church growth.

This paper is to study historical characteristics of social service mission in Korea church before the 1945 liberation of Korea. The classification of an era for historical analysis about social welfare in Korea church is not only necessary, but also is dangerous. Because it could be depended on subjective classification of the researcher, simplified complicated historical processes, and there would be a possibility to classify it individually or selectively. Nevertheless, a missiotheological reflection about christianity society service in the Korea mission history will be meaningful to many people who study social service mission according to the classification of an era and important to Korea church which is in stagnation. In this context, the summingup to social service mission of Korea church before the 1945 liberation of Korea according to period features is necessary. There are two kinds of mission service characteristics in the protestant. One of these is Luther, Calvin and Knox as an ‘ecclesiastical’ type, and the other is sure salvation by individual experience of faith as a ‘nonecclesiastical’ type. Mission movement after Pietism mainly took the 'nonecclesiastical' type. The United States of America which preached the gospel to Korea also was offsprings of the ‘nonecclesiastical’ type. The faith of these people, as a type of pious Puritan, thought a concept of church is the same as an ark separated from the world. It shows at the constitutional law of the separation of religion and politics and the guideline of mission agency. Despite their spiritual salvation separated from the world, nonpolitical actions, and irrational and dualistic faith as what is called an ‘evangelist,’ these people began education and medical works as a starting point of mission at the beginning of Korea mission. These were based on the considerate help and charitable service by each missionary. This type of faith made emotional bond with Koreans in unhappiness as a method for propagating the gospel even though there was not an attempt grasping the underlying and structural problems which were causing miserable lives and political suppression to the pioneer missionaries. So, the local section was set up in ‘Christian Council’ in 1925 and the rural section was set up in 1930, but these were only recognized as ‘something for mission works.’ For example, the local section of ‘Christian Council’ in 1930 was limited only for the dormitory foundation, missionary sending, sewage factory demolition, temperance movement and combined execution of help works. This kind of early mission, which was an unstructural service has the same basis with pious ‘Mitleid’ to the lost souls. Pietism against protestant’s legitimism in the 17th century and illuminism in the 18th century was an important movement that awakened stagnated mission work newly, but focusing on an individual’s complacency and conversion it became the important motivation of mission and the important goal of mission only to save each person from corrupted world. Therefore, the mission of unstructural service has some limitations that restrict missionary works only as a province of converted spirit, given Missio Dei erecting the sovereignty of Jesus Christ and expending the kingdom of God in this world. It was from 1920 that Korea church started to recognize the basic cause of social problems systematically. And also this is originated from the development of international missiotheology. As the first World Missionary Conference held in Edinburgh in 1910 predicted the world evangelization hopefully, it was based on mission for a human being’s spirit salvation. Consequently, it did not develop the christianity's influence beyond individual spirit salvation. But after Edinburgh conference the world’s history was changing by contraries because of World War. So the World Missionary Conference after 1910 was not held. In Jerusalem conference in 1928 the recognition about the social responsibility of gospel, secularism and other religions was on the rise strongly. Thus, Korea church in the 1920s was interested in social welfare mission according to the stream of world missionary and the social change of Korea(Chosun). Since this was the creed copy of churches of the United States of America and Japan, this social welfare mission had a problem not to include independency and a demand of the times. Many social service movements such as roll back of tuberculosis, medical work, settlement work and moderation movement, and service for women and children’s welfare, therefore, showed the limitation. During the Japanese colonial period Korea church tried to find a clue of national problem solution from a rural community movement because it was based on a type of national church against Japan. The rural community movement also developed actively for about 10 years from the 1920s to the mid of 1930s. However, it should be stopped due to the oppression in and out of church from 1938, for it should choose either religious martyrdom or a conversion to rural community movement. Korea church have experienced a special period in which it practiced society service jointly with Korean people who were in poverty, diseases, oppression and discrimination under the Japanese colonial rule. Nevertheless, Korea church separated from the society due to the limitation of its conservative theology that could not catch fundamental social problems structurally and the faith that salvation is restricted within the individual spirit. This is why Korea church is experiencing its stagnation since the 1990s.

South Korea is a regional Protestant superpower with a successful mission history. It has the largest Christian congregation in the world: Yoido Full Gospel Church built by Paul Yonggi Cho. As of 2009, it dispatched more than 20,000 missionaries abroad. However since the 1988 Seoul Olympic Games and the breakdown of the Cold War in 1991, evangelical Protestantism in the country has been steadily declining. Moreover, its social credence is continuously lowering as a result of controversy such as hereditary transmission of pastors, clergy’s sex scandals, financial dishonesty, and privatization of the church. Because of this, Protestant Christianity in South Korea is in some real sense viewed as controversial. The purpose of this paper is to examine the sociocultural change in South Korea in the midst of neoliberal globalization in order to build the socalled ‘missional church,’ a collection of missional believers acting in concert together in fulfillment of the missio dei. The‘missional church’ is faith communities willing and ready to be Christ’s people in their own situation and place. The paper consists of the following sections. The introduction focuses on the emergence of the ‘missional church’ along side with the recent crisis of Korean Protestant Christianity. The first section describes some new cultural trends propelled by globalization. The second section explores sociocultural changes within present South Korea from the sociological perspective of mission: (1) from collectivism to individualism, (2) from ‘regulation society’ via ‘task society’ to ‘fatigue society.’ The third section investigates the outer situation of the ‘missional church’: (1) class disparity, (2) change in demography and family, (3) emergence of ‘N (net) generation.’ The conclusion provides some suggestions including ‘progressive Pentecostalism’ (in Donald Miller’s words) for building the ‘missional church’ within contemporary Korean society under the turbulence and division in terms of ideology, region, class and generation.

It is time to reexamine the true identity of Church and renew the Korean Church according to it. It is thus of great significance to examine the theological and biblical meanings of “the apostolicity of Church”, one of the four attributes of NiceaConstantinopolis Creed (unity, catholicity, holiness, and apostolicity) and restore the true apostolicity of the Church. For that purpose, this paper proposes to address the historical and theological ideas of the apostolicity of the Church in order to present the holistic understanding of the apostolicity under the biblical guidance on the one hand and suggest its missiological application on the other. First, the Roman Catholic Church saw the priest group centering on the Pope as the successors of the apostles while disregarding the apostles' teachings in general. As a result, they stuck to the ecclesiastical hierarchy, which, in turn, caused the inner corruption and let the pagan customs come into the Church. Second, the Protestant Church had various opinions towards the apostolicity. John Calvin did not address the “four attributes” of the Church, but mentioned the succession of the apostolicity based on Ephesians 4:11. He saw pastors and teachers as normal positions, whereas apostles, prophets, and evangelists are the positions that God calls whenever the occasions need. Charles Van Engen tried to unify the marks of the Reformed Church with the four attributes of the Nicean Creed. He said that the marks are the sign of restoring the inner identity of the Church while the NeceaConstantinopolis Creeds represent the outer look of the church. As a result, he argued, the Church should focus on mission. Charismatics and New Apostolic adherents do not see the apostolicity as a collective one, but as an individual one. This paper tries to understand the apostolicity holistically as it has appeared at the various stages of theological history and apply its concept missiologically. 1) the apostolicity of the Church lies in the true proclamation of the Words and the succession of such a ministry. 2) the apostolicity of the Church is in its dedication to evangelical mission towards all the nations and tribes (Mt 28:1920; Mk 16:15). 3) the apostolicity of the Church exists in the holistic personality representing Christ (John 20:21). 4) the apostolicity of the Church has the holistic characteristics that succeed the ministry of Christ. 5) the apostolicity of the Church includes the restoration of the apostolic abilities. This is characteristic of the ministry of Jesus Christ and the essential mandates given to the apostles and the saints (Mt 10:1, Mk 16:1518, Acts 1:8). When the Korean Church restores its apostolicity, we will see the dynamic vitality in all the pastoral fields and missionary sites.

The author visited Asia Minor in Turkey and Patmos Island in Greece. In the midst of the once passionate mission fields of the seven churches of the Book of Revelation, the author received flashes of missiological insight and inspiration. The seven churches represent the churches of the apostolic age and in some way represent churches in every age. The risen Christ’s messages to the seven churches could be Christ's suggestions to today's crosscultural missionary. To interpret the messages the author uses missional hermeneutic instead of using the existing methods (the continuoushistorical, preterist, futurist, and idealist methods). This article can be classified as theology of mission, not a biblical commentary on the messages of the seven churches. Chapter 2, consisting of five sections, covers the messages to the seven churches and crosscultural mission. The five subtitles are as follows: 1. Messages to the churches in Ephesus; mission as an act of faith. 2. Messages to the churches in Smyrna; mission as being faithful even to the point of death. 3. Messages to the churches in Pergamum; mission as power evangelism starting from repentance. 4. Messages to the churches in Thyatira, Sardis, and Philadelphia; mission as holding what an awakened one has. 5. Messages to the churches in Laodicea; mission as being either cold or hot. The author concludes this article by emphasizing that the messages to the seven churches of the Book of Revelation are prophecies which speak to churches in every age. The author takes the seven messages as prophecies to crosscultural missionary, and emphasizes that the results will be determined by the attitude of crosscultural missionary.

Today, Korea society focuses on multisociety and kid problem of multiculture home. Korea does not accept traditional multisociety, but entered in multiculture society according to economic, political, global trend. Multiculture society has so many problems; such as criminal situation, culture shock, identity destroy in multiculture home's kids. In this situation, how can do Korea church take care their life problems? Korea church should support toward them in multiculture home through missional education. This article mentions meaning of multiculture society and based on biblical foundation about multiculture society, kids of multiculture home, and Korea church mission toward mlticulture society. This study focuses on for survivals of migrants kids and social discrimination of Kosian in Korea society. Korea churches have to support their settlement by their own ways and encourage them to establish not only their own identity in Korean society but also Christian kid identity based on multiculture society. Therefore, how would Korea church' task do to support for children education of multiculture society. Above all, this article deals with knowledge shift of multiculture society about kid problem and education method. This multiculture came from low fertility and super aging society. Korea churches should response problems of multicultural peoples and their kid with multicultural living together in Korea society.

한국 교회의 성장과 발전이 하나님의 은혜로 이루어진 선교의 결과라는 것은 틀림없는 사실이다. 이러한 사실로 미루어 볼 때 한국 교회에 하나님께서 민족적이며 시대적인 큰 선교적 사명을 맡겨 주셨음을 확신한다. 세계 선교사에 유례없이, 한국 교회는 지난 1세기 동안 천만에 가까운 그리스도인을 보유하고 5만에 가까운 교회를 세우며 매년 수천명이 넘는 신학생을 배출해내어 왔다. 세계는 한국 교회의 이러한 양적 성장을 부러워하고 있으며, 한국 교회의 저력이 세계 선교의 교두보 역할을 감당해 줄 것을 기대하고 있는 실정이다. 또한 한국 교회도 이 사실을 하나님의 축복으로 여기고 하나님께 감사드리고 있다. 그러나 오늘 한국 교회는 이와 같은 외형상의 화려한 모습만을 자랑하거나 만족해하고 있을 때만은 아닌 것 같다. 오히려 지금 우리는 건강한 신앙의 안목과 하나님의 말씀에 비추어서 우리의 현실과 그 이면에 감추어진 잘못을 다시 점검해야 할 때라고 본다. 우리는 그리스도의 눈으로 한국교회를 성찰하고 오늘의 교회에 대한 그리스도의 음성을 들어야 한다. 한국 교회의 성장의 이면에는 긍정적으로만 볼 수 없는 많은 문제들이 있기 때문이다. 가치관의 혼란이 심각한 이때에 한국교회가 민족을 구원하는 교회 본래의 사명과 역할을 제대로 감당하고 있는지를 살펴볼 필요가 있다. 여러 가지 통계자료에 의하면 90년대를 고비로 교회의 성장이 정체되기 시작하였고 오늘에 이르러서는 교단에 따라 성장 둔화 등 위기의 징후가 현저해지고 있다. 이제 그 원인을 밝혀내고, 그 바른 처방이 내려지지 않는다면 한국교회는 유럽 교회들에서의 정체와 위축의 길을 답습할까 심히 염려된다. 따라서 한국교회의 과거를 돌이켜 보면서 무엇이 한국교회의 침체 원인의 문제인지에 대한 근본적인 대답을 찾아야 할 것이다. 이에 본고에서는 고유의 선교적 관점에서 문제 원인과 그 원인에 대한 처방 및 선교비전을 제시하고자 한다.

This articles is to represent a application of ‘A Migrants Mission of Korea Church’ to ‘Multicultural Society in Korean churches’ as a strategy of balanced church responsibility in the aspect of a ‘Migrant Mission.’ I mention that biblical perspective and analysis about a migrant based on Old Testament and New Testament. I appear that an migrant kinds and situation in Korea society. This study builds on a direction of missiological strategy and method in multicultural society. I suggest that mission strategies in Korea Churches should be request toward a migrant in Korea society. First, Migrant mission strategy would play positive roles in making their works maintain the identity and trait of Christian gospel in works of Multiculture missions which stress on social responsibility and then suggest concrete and modified alternatives for evangelism. Second, Korea churches can works wholistic mission for them; such as NGO service, medical service, family counseling, educational supports, and human rights. Third, Korea churches support and build on migrant churches, so they want to have themselves worship service, bible study in migrant churches. Fourth, We have could be connect with Social Welfare, Churches, Government, NGO Network, and Schools toward Migrant life and welfare.

Recently, most Christians in Korean have felt shame at watching the status quo of Korean protestantism. Almost everyday, we Christians faced unpleasant news about churches and clergies. At the same time, Christians feel the crisis of church growth and mission. At this moment, it would be significant and meaningful to search for the church reforms in the history of Christianity and to be taught from the past. For this reason, the writer investigated several historical events which caused the church reform consciously or unconsciously. As a result of this research, several types of church reform in the church history could be described as follows. The first case of church reform was accomplished for the purpose of the ecclesiastical and the social change by means of the political struggle. Second, for the purpose of the ecclesiastical and the social change by the revolutionary method. Third, for the purpose of structural subversion by the political struggle. Finally, for the purpose of structural subversion by the revolution. Among these four, because the second type of reform is illogical, the writer would consider the others. The rest of three cases of reform, however, whether it would be successful or not, had the limitation that could not have accomplished the fundamental reform of problems in their own era. For this, the writer has looked for the another way which was named as the fifth way of reformation and the writer considered it as true church reform. Also, it was regarded a genuine church reform as the most effective way of mission. As the fifth way of reform in the church history, the writer analyzed three historical events: the way of St. Francis and his mendicant movement in the twelfth century; the way of religious movement of Beguine in the thirteenth century; and the way of methodist movement of John Wesley in the eighteenth century. The characteristics of these movement would be as follows. First of all, these movements did not happen to struggle or criticize the existing church power and social structure directly. Secondly, even though there were leading persons in these movements, these movements were empowered by the anonymous laities. Thirdly, the participants of these movements proliferated and flourished very rapid within very limited times. Finally, They were so creative that they created new idea, theology, philosophy, and life styles. In conclusion, the writer proposed the fifth way as the ideal both for church reform and growth simultaneously. Through the fifth way, the people who are sick and tired to churches and protestantism in Korea might come into the world of hope, new spirituality, and creative life that they have never felt in the existing ecclesiastical structure. Then, new Christian communities will proliferate such as the above creative religious movements.

This study seeks to understand why Shantung mission was the only cross-cultural mission work done by the Korean church in 1913-1957 while the focus of other mission works was the Diaspora Koreans and its implications for today's mission work of the Korean church. The Korean church clearly demonstrated its evangelistic zeal by sending its missionaries to Jeju Island, Manchuria, Russia, Japan, Hawaii and Shantung. However, it is interesting that it was only Shantung mission that was cross-cultural in nature, while all others were targeting Koreans living overseas. This study briefly looks at those early missionary enterprise in different regions, which at the end points to the foundational difference between Shantung mission and other missions in other places. They share many things in common, they both were initiated by the church, they both show the missionray zeal, they both were done while they did not have sufficient resources, they both have sacrificial indiviuals. However, Shantung mission stands as the only cross-cultural mission work. While fully agreeing that Shantung mission was exclusively ministered, gorverned and financed by the Korean church, this study suggests that Shantung mission was the only cross-cultural mission enterprise because it was initiated by a missionary, possibly with the help of a missionary board. Some previous studies seem to overlook the fact that W. B. Hunt took a significant role in planning and preparing Shantung mission, mediating between mission boards, the Chinese church and the Korean church. This study, then, goes further to discuss what the Korean church may learn from this historical event.

본 논문은 지구가 신음하고 한국의 환경지수가 최악에 떨어져 있는 상황에서 한국교회가 참여한 생태계를위한 생명봉사적 통전 선교를 논의하려는 것이다. 지구가 신음하는 상황은 인구폭발, 가난의 확대, 다양한종의 멸종, 벌목, 물의 부족과 오염, 토양의 침식과 퇴화, 넘쳐나는 쓰레기, 에너지 소비의 확산, 대기오염, 민물과 해수의 오염, 기후변화와 지구온난화 등으로 드러난다. 오늘날 한국의 환경 생태계 상황은 새만금 사업, 4대강사업, 제주도 강정마을의 평화와 생태계 지키기 갈등, 그리고 지난 10월에 개최된 유엔사막화방지회의에서 드러난다. 본 논문은 한국교회의 환경생태 선교를 논의하되 생명봉사적 통전 선교 관점에서 접근한다. 이미 논의된 통전선교는 이원론적인 복음주의 선교와 에큐메니칼 선교를 통전시키는것으로 사회정치적차원에서 논의된것이기 때문에 오늘날 생태계 위기의 상황에서 한계를 갖는다. 생명위기의 시대에는 유기적, 총체적, 관계적특성을 유지하는 생명봉사적 통전 선교가 필요하다. 본논문은 환경과 생태문제를 다루는 방식으로 환경주의와 생태주의를 동시에 취하고 있다. 기존 질서에 대한 이해와 변혁 지향의 정도를 기준으로 볼 때 환경주의는 위기 관리 차원에서 보다 손쉽게 적용이 가능하고 생태주의는 신학적 논의는 깊게 하였으나 현실변혁은 쉽지않은 상황에 있다. 본 논문의 구조는 먼저 환경생태계의 위기 상황을 지구적 차원과 한국의 국지적 차원에서 논의하면서 레스터브라운의 미국의 환경대응안을 검토하고, 한국교회의 생태환경 관련 주요 사건을 다룬다. 그리고 성경이 제시하는 창조를 이해하면서 생태청지기직을 강조하고, 한국신학자들과 선교학자들이 천착한 생태 환경관련 논문을 분석한다. 여기에서는 한국연구재단 등재지로서 ｢한국기독교신학논총｣, ｢선교신학｣, ｢선교와신학｣에실린것으로, 선교적으로 실천가능성을 비치고 있는 논문은 8개가 있었는데, 책 1권과 자료집 1개를 추가하여 10개의 글을 3카테고리 즉 신학적 윤리적 에큐메니칼 논문, 복음주의적 논문, 그리고 생명봉사적 통전 선교 논문으로 분류하였다. 끝으로 이러한 생태계를 위한 생명봉사적 통전 선교를 한국교회가 어떠한 방식으로 했는가를 4가지 즉 윤리적선교, 종교적대화선교, 네트워크선교, 생명봉사적 통전선교로 구분하였다. 이러한 환경생태에 대한 생명봉사적 통전선교가 환경생태 위기의 시대에 한국과 전 세계는 물론 민둥산이 되어있는 북한 땅에서도 추진되기를 바란다.

하나님의 선교(Missio Dei)가 1952년 이후 세계교회에 처음 등장한 후, 한국은 1969년 1월 한국기독교교회협의회(NCCK)의 제2차 총회를 “오늘의한국에있어서의Missio Dei”라는주제로열면서공교회의협의체 에 의해 정식으로 도입하였다. 한국교회가 하나님의 선교를 받아들이게 된 배경은 세 가지로 정리된다. 먼저는 NCCK회원 교단들이 주축이 된 도시산업선교(UIM)의 활동이라고 할 수 있다. UIM이Missio Dei의배경이 될 수 있었던 것은 한편, 1960년대 한국의 급격한 산업화와 노동환경의 변화, 그에 따른 성장위주의 군사독재정권에 대한 선교적 대응으로서 Missio Dei를 현재적 종말론적 시각에서 수용한 것이고 다른 한편, 예수 그리스도의 복음을 과거와는 달라진 한국적 상황에서 새롭게 발견하고 이것을 선교적 과제로 수용한 한국교회의 자의식과 신학적 발전의 결과라고 할 수 있다. 다음은 1960년대 그리스도인들의 사회 정치적 참여이다. 이들은 하나님의 통치가 한국 교회에는 물론 한국 역사속에서도 이루어져야한다는 강한 의식에서 교회는 사회문제를 진지하게 수용하여야한다고 주장하였다. NCCK 회원교회를중심으로전개된이러한 노력은 삼위일체 하나님의 선교의 영역이 교회안에 제한되지 아니하고 세계 역사속에서도 계속되어야한다는 인식이 확산됨으로써 Missio Dei신학을 공교회가 받아들이게되는 중요한 배경이 되었다. 끝으로 토착화논의이다. 그 주요 쟁점은 성서전통과 한국문화전통과의 연결성이다. 서남동은 기독교역사 의민중전승과한국의일반역사의민중전승의두백성모두고난의역사로 보고 한국교회의 선교적 과제는 기독교와 한국의 두 민중전승이 Missio Dei 안에서 합류하는 것이라고 주장하였다. 따라서 전통문화와 종교와의 대화는토착화논의의중요한주제이며, 1963년Mexico 세계선교와전도위 원회(CWME)의 쟁점이었다. 결국 한국교회의 토착화 논의에는 Missio Dei신학이 중요한 역할을 하였다. 하지만 한국교회의 ‘Missio Dei’ 이해에는중대한 문제점도 내포하고 있었다. 1976년 한국신학연구소의 심포지엄에서 ‘Missio Dei’를 지지하는 심일섭과 비판하는 김명혁이 각각 주제를 발표하면서 중대한 오류를 범하였다. 이들은 Missio Dei란 말을 공적으로 처음 사용한 때가 1952 ‘윌링엔’대회이며 ‘호켄다이크’가 주장하였다고 하였으나 대회의 공식보고서나 대회기간중에 사용된 적이 없을 뿐 아니라 Missio Dei는 후켄다이크가 아니라 독일 슈투트가르트의 감독 하르텐슈타인이 처음 사용하였기 때문이다. NCCK가 Missio Dei를 공식 수용한 총회를 직접적으로 비판한 반응은 거의 없었으나 에큐메니칼 선교에 대한 보수적인 교회들의 비판은 매우 강하였다. 대표적으로 1975 서울에서 개최된 The evangelical Conference for Mission을 들 수 있다. 이들은 “social-political oriented Missio Dei”에 대항하여구속에대한성서적가르침에근거한“Missio Christi”로대체되어 야 한다고 주장하였다. 그러나 1982년 채택된 “The Seoul Declaration: Toward an Evangelical Theology for the Third World”에서복음주의자들은 서구신학을 비판하면서 고난당하는 자들의 관점에서 자신들의 해석학을 찾고자시도하였고, 그결과Missio Dei를선언문에서고백하였다. 하지만 여전히 일부 복음주의자들은 Missio Dei를 부정적인 시각으로 보고 있다. 따라서 한국교회의 과제는 Missio Dei를 복음의 토착화를 위한 단초로 삼는것과‘Missio Dei’를한국교회의일치를위한신학적근거로활용하는 것 그리고 ‘Missio Dei’를 성령론적 관점에서 발전시키는 것이다.

The intention of this thesis is to explain the concept of missional church planting and explore its theological foundations. The concept is designed to draw out effective practices for church planting based on the proposition that the church is intrinsically missional. In my opinion, the biggest problem of the Korean church’s church planting ministries is the lack of theological reflection. The Korean church has focused only on techniques and methods of church planting, most of them being reckless. However, such reckless methods have stopped working since the 1990s when the Korean church began to stagnate and lose its social influence. In addition, there is a need for new paradigms that are better suited to the spread of postmodern culture in the Korean society. Church planting is a core ministry in evangelizing to the world according to God’s will. However, it could be an obstacle to God’s mission if it falls into ecclesiastical expansionism without the right missiological perspective. In order to construct the concept of missional church planting, I suggest five key thoughts: (1) creative ministries beyond mere church planting, (2) recognizing the missional essence of the church, (3) orienting towards the fulfillment of the Great Commission, (4) adjusting to the cultural environment, (5) growing dynamically and reproducing daughter churches. I also suggest the concepts of both the organic church and the missional church for constructing the ecclesiology of missional church planting. On one hand, an organic church based on the biblical concept of ‘the body of Christ’ secures healthy growth from its organic life and inner dynamics; as a natural result, it emphasizes planting new churches. The church as an organism has a duty of reproducing other churches; such a duty is divided into hiving off and supporting. On the other hand, a missional church is founded on the fact that mother churches as well as newly planted churches have an apostolic mandate toward the world. Furthermore, the concept of missional churches plays a role of a rudder, explaining what a church should be, what it should do, and how it should organize itself for the purpose of performing its apostolate.