This study aimed to identify the continuity between 6th grade elementary school English textbooks and 1st grade middle school English textbooks using Coh-Meu'ix, an automated web-based program designed to analyze and calculate the coherence oftexts on a wide range of measures. The measured value of text types was compared and classified into the surface linguistic features (the basic count, word rrequency, readabi li ty, connective information, pronoun information, word information) and the deep linguistic features (co-referential cohesion and semantic cohesion, lexical diversity, syntactic complexity). The findings were as follows: First, the basic counts and words before the main verb had a significant different value between two levels of textbooks. The results were remarkably different in the written language. Second, FKGL (Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level) and the pronoun ratio were significantly different only in the written language. In addition, type-token ratios in written language showed more significant differences than spoken language. Third, other language features showed only a mild and gradual difference. Finally, the resu lt indicated there were no statistical differences of discourse aspects.

We have analysed near-infrared JHKL observations of the members of the ≈9 Myr-old η Chamaeleontis cluster. Using (J - H)/(K - L) and (H - K)/(K - L) IR colour-colour diagrams for the brightest 15 members of the cluster, we find the fraction of stellar systems with near-IR excess emission was 0.60 ± 0.13 (2σ). For the CTT and WTT star population, we also find a strong correlation between the IR excess and Ha emission which is also known as an accretion indicator. The (K - L) excess of these stars appears to indicate a wide range of star-disk activity; from a CTT star with high levels of accretion, to CTT - WTT transitional objects with evidence for some on-going accretion, and WTT stars with weak or absent IR excesses. Among the brightest 15 members, four stars (RECX 5, 9, 11 and ECHA J0843.3-7905) with IR excesses Δ(K - L) > 0.4 mag and strong or variable optical emission were identified as likely experiencing on-going mass accretion from their circumstellar disks which we confirmed their accretion disks from the optical high-resolution echelle spectroscopic study. The result-ing accretion fraction of 0.27 ± 0.13 (2σ) suggests that the accretion phase, in addition to the disks themselves, can endure for at least ~ 10 Myr.

서로 다른 씨클로펜타디엔 유도체가 π-결합된 최초의 비스무스 화합물인 η5-C5(CH3)5Bi(η5-C5H5)2이 디펜타메틸씨클로펜타디에닐 비스무스디메틸아미드 Cp*2BiNMe2[Cp*=C5(CH3)5]와 씨클로펜타디에닐 모노머와의 반응으로 합성되었다. 반응조건은 에테르 용매하에 -78℃ 반응온도 조건하에서 얻어졌다. 합성된 반응물을 노르말 헥산 용매에서 재결정시킨 결과, 검은색 결정이 60% 수율로 얻어졌다. 그리고 재결정시킨 반응물을 190K에서 X-선 단결정 구조 분석 방법에 의해 그 구조를 밝혔다. 그 결과 결정계의 격자계는 I2/a, a=1756.00 picometer, b=906.00 picometer, c=2211.00 picometer, β=104.04, Z=8로 확인되었다. 여기서 a, b, c는 결정?Ю? 상수이고, β는 결정격자 상수인 b와 c간의 각도이며, Z는 단위 결정 격자당 분자의 갯수이다.

The tracking filter plays a key role in accurate estimation and prediction of maneuvering the vessel’s position and velocity. Different methods are used for tracking. However, the most commonly used method is the Kalman filter and its modifications. The α- β - γ filter is one of the special cases of the general solution provided by the Kalman filter. It is a third order filter that computes the smoothed estimates of position, velocity, and acceleration for the nth observation, and predicts the next position and velocity. Although found to track a maneuvering target with good accuracy than the constant velocity α - β filter, the α - β - γ filter does not perform impressively under high maneuvers, such as when the target is undergoing changing accelerations. This study aims to track a highly maneuvering target experiencing jerky motions due to changing accelerations. The α - β - γ filter is extended to include the fourth state that is, constant jerk to correct the sudden change of acceleration to improve the filter’s performance. Results obtained from simulations of the input model of the target dynamics under consideration indicate an improvement in performance of the jerky model, α - β - γ - η algorithm as compared to the constant acceleration model, α - β - γ in terms of error reduction and stability of the filter during target maneuver.

Transforming growth factor (TGF) family is well known to induce the chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). However, the precise signal transduction pathways and underlying factors are not well known. Thus the present study aims to evaluate the possible role of C2 domain in the chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. To this end, 145 C2 domains in the adenovirus were individually transfected to hMSC, and morphological changes were examined. Among 145 C2 domains, C2 domain of protein kinase C eta (PKCη) was selected as a possible chondrogenic differentiation factor for hMSC. To confirm this possibility, we treated TGFβ3, a well known chondrogenic differentiation factor of hMSC, and examined the increased-expression of glycosaminoglycan (GAG), collagen type II (COL II) as well as PKCη using PT-PCR, immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis. To further evaluation of C2 domain of PKCη, we examined morphological changes, expressions of GAG and COL II after transfection of PKCη -C2 domain in hMSC. Overexpression of PKCη-C2 domain induced morphological change and increased GAG and COL II expressions. The present results demonstrate that PKCη involves in the TGF-β3-induced chondrogenic differentiation of hMSC, and C2 domain of PKCη has important role in this process.

In dieser Arbeit behandelt es sich um die Frage, ob und warum der Montanismus im 2-3 Jh. tatsächlich häretisch gewesen wäre, wie die Altkatholische Kirche behauptet. Das Hauptproblem für die gegenwärtige Montanismus-Forschung liegt zwar in der mangelhaften Materiallage, trotzdem sind zu erhalten 16 Aussprüche der drei führenden Geister des Montanismus, d. h. Montanus, Priscilla und Maximilla, aber sporadisch nur durch Anti-Montanisten ausser Tertullianus. Darum beginnt dieser Aufsatz vor allem ihre 16 Aussprüche zu untersuchen, bemüht sich auch um reichenden Abhandlungen und Aufsätze der Montanismus-Experten. Jedenfalls bezeichnet sich der Montanismus hauptsächlich als unerhörte ekstatsche Prophetienbewegung, Erklärung des bevorstehenden Chilliasmus(Joh. 20, 4f.), extreme Forderung des Moralismus, jährlich dreimalige Fasteneinhaltung und die Bedrohung bzw. Provokation gegen Priestertum der allmählich wachsenden und systematisierenden Grossen Kirche. Die Probleme der Montanisten liegen m. E. nicht nur im Inhalt ihrer Behauptungen. Vielmehr auch noch grössere Probleme beziehen sich auf die Form und Weise ihrer entzückenden neuen Prophetie, “ή νεα προφητεια”. womit sie über die Grenze und Beschränkung der Grosskirche hinausgegangen sind. “H νεα προφητεια” war sowohl quantitativ neu als auch qualitativ noch neuer. Sie behaupten also, dass zuert das Gesetz durch Moses gegeben worden sei, danach zwar das Evangelium als Vollkommenheit des Gesetzes, aber nun die Zeit der neuen Prophetie als entgültige Vollkommenheit des Evangeliums gekommen sei. Also die Tatsache der alte Ketzerurteilung bezieht sich kaum auf die dogmatische Sache. Die Behauptung mit der fremdartige Form der entzückenden Prophetien und Ausschliesslichkeit der Geisterfahrungen muss das Priestertum der Altkatholischen Kirche provoziert haben, weil die Macht über kirchenbezogene Sachen sowie den Heiligen Geist begann immer mehr auf Bischöfe zu konzentrieren, besonderes im Bezug auf den Gnostizismus und Marcion, die die Grosskirche tödlich bedroht haben. Aber die Frage der Moraleinhaltung und Enthaltsamkeit gegen die Säkularisierung der Kirche immer noch zu hinterlassen wäre ihre Beitrag.