Benign fibro-osseous lesions are demonstrated as a group of conditions, which normal bone is replaced by a connective tissue matrix that gradually develops cemento-osseous tissue and include developmental lesion, reactive lesion, dysplasia and tumor. Cemento-osseous dysplasia is one of benign fibro-osseous lesions, which is non-neoplastic process. Histologic features of cemento-osseous dysplasia are admixtures of bone and cementoid materials in a fibrous stroma. Cemento-osseous dysplasia associated with traumatic bone cysts has infrequently been reported. Traumatic bone cyst is a pseudocyst that may befound in both the jaws and the long bones. Though blockage of interstitial fluid drainage orvenous obstruction may be the cause of traumatic bone cyst, the exact pathogenesis of traumatic bone cysts is unknown. Melrose et al. was the first to report association of cemento-osseous dysplasia and traumatic bone cystsin their series. It is assumed that different mechanism is involved in cyst formation in these cases. This report presents review of literature and describes a case of focal cemento-osseous dysplasia associated with traumatic bone cyst of the mandible and its surgical treatment.

Product replacement (PPL) is used widely in marketing and plays crucial roles but the effects of the PPL attributes on a restaurant brand are not well known. Therefore, this study examined the effects of PPL attributes on brand awareness and brand credibility. In addition, the relationship among brand awareness, brand credibility, and brand loyalty was investigated. The study found that the characteristics of PPL, such as information and entertainment, affected brand awareness. On the other hand, inconvenience did not have any impact on brand awareness. In addition, information, entertainment, and inconvenience affected brand credibility. Furthermore, brand awareness and credibility influenced brand loyalty significantly. These results suggest that PPL can be a very effective way to advertise. Hence, PPL should be done with a sense of information and entertainment than simply with more frequent exposure to consumers, which that might cause inconvenience.

In this study, the inhibitory effect of Paecilomyces tenuipes extract on PSA and angiogenesis-related factor expression levels were investigated in human prostate cancer cells, LNCaP. P. tenuipes extract significantly inhibited PSA expression in a dose-dependent manner. We also investigated the inhibitory effect of P. tenuipes extract on the expression of angiogenesis-related genes including VEGF, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2. P. tenuipes extract significantly down-regulated the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in a dose-dependent manner. On the contrary, P. tenuipes increased the expression of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2. Our findings indicate that P. tenuipes exhibits an inhibitory effect on angiogenesis in human prostate cancer cells.

The purpose of this study is to fundamentally examine the vests of the robes “Daeraebok” and “Soraebok” of the Korean Empire from the 1876 Port Opening to the 1910 annexation of Korea to Japan. Among the collections of different robes of the Korean Empire which belong to various universities and institutions, only the vests were surveyed. The shape of the vests in the Korean Empire were single-breasted and doublebreasted. Most V-necklines and vests with a shawl collar look like a tailored collar, where the collar outline was shaped like a notched and picked collar, which is a mix of the step collar and roll collar of the 19th century. The rear center line was not flat, but inclined to a triangle. All vests of the robe Daeraebok were equipped with gold buttons, and those of the robe Soraebok had black satin buttons. The tailoring characteristic is that the front has a different material (dark black wool) from the back (black silk). This characteristic is expected to be an important basic piece of information in the restoration and reproduction of the vest, which was worn during the imperial period, especially to reveal its shape, characteristics and composition. This characteristic can also be used as data of cultural contents based on Korean modern history.

Schwannoma, benign neoplasia derived from schwann cell, is rare tumor, and prevalent in tongue, palate, floor of mouth and buccal mucosa. Thirty-six-year-old male with asymptomatic protrusion of mandible angle was evaluated. We surgically removed the mass and histological examination gave the diagnosis of ancient schwannoma. We report a case of ancient schwannoma in masseter muscle and review of literature.

Synovial cysts are found mainly in periarticular areas of the wrist, ankle, and knee, but also rarely in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Only 1 case of bilateral synovial cysts in the region of the TMJ has been reported. This case report described bilateral cysts in the TMJ in a 54-year-old Korean woman. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed bilateral oval cystic lesions lateral to the condylar capsule, whereas computed tomography (CT) apparently did not show the right hand side lesion. The cyst on the left side was surgically excised, and fine needle aspiration was performed on the right hand cyst. After 24 months, the long term follow-up showed no sign of recurrence.

웰빙식품, 건강에 대한 관심 증대로 버섯의 소비량은 꾸준히 증가하고 있으나, 주로 생버섯으로 소비되 고 2차 가공식품의 기능성 구명으로 새로운 용도 개발 연구는 미진한 상황이다. 버섯의 고부가가치 창 출을 위해서는 버섯의 생산 및 단순가공형 산업에서 탈피하여 새로운 신기능성 구명 연구를 통해 새로 운 미래 바이오산업 확대를 위한 용도 창출을 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 연구내용은 버섯류 35종 에 대한 전립선암세포내 PSA발현 억제 효능 및 이를 통해 확인된 버섯자원들의 함유성분 중 암에 관 련된 화합물들에 대한 구조적 상관관계를 분석하였다. 35종의 버섯류는 99% 에탄올 추출 및 물로 추출 후 동결건조하여 공시재료로 사용하였다. 그 결과 35종의 버섯중 느티만가닥(Hypsizigus marmoreus), 눈 꽃동충하초(Cordyceps takaomontana), 차가버섯(Inonotus obliquus), 동충하초(Cordyceps sinensis), 양송이 (Agaricus bisporus) 등에서 전립선암세포내 PSA 발현을 억제하는 효과를 보였다. 이들 버섯들은 면역력 을 높이는데 유효한 성분인 베타글루칸이 다량으로 함유되어 있어 면역력증진에 따른 전립선암세포의 증식 억제에 효과를 나타내고 있는 것으로 사료된다.

본 연구에서는 녹각영지버섯 추출물의 항산화 효과 및 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon (IFN)-γ로 자극 된 RAW 264.7 대식세포에서 항산화 효과 및 항염증 효과를 조사하였다. 녹각영지버섯의 항산화 활성 을 확인하기 위하여 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)과 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical 소거 활성 및 reactive oxygen species (ROS) 생성량을 측정한 결과, DPPH radical 및 ABTS radical 소거효과에 대한 IC50은 각각, 80.74, 52.28 ㎍/ml의 radical 소거능이 관찰되었으며 ROS 생성량은 농도 의존적으로 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고, RAW 264.7 대식세포를 이용하여 항산화 및 항염증 활성을 확인하기 위하여 ROS 및 nitric oxide (NO) 생성량을 측정한 결과, 활성산소 종 ROS와 염증 매개물질인 NO는 투여농도 의존적으로 감소하였다. 또한, 염증과 관련된 inflammatory cytokine의 발현을 농도 의존적으로 억제하여 항염증 활성을 나타내는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과로부터 녹각영지버섯 추출물은 항산화 및 항염증을 지닌 기능성 소재로 활용이 가능할 것으로 사 료된다.

Mushroom have long been valued as highly nutritious and tasty foods in many societies throughout the world. Itis known for biological activities including anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative potential. However little is known about anti-cancer property. In this study, we investigated the anti-prostate cancer activity of mushrooms. For that, eight kinds ofmushrooms such as, T. matsutake, S. crispa, G. lucidum-US, G. lucidum-AS, C. cardinalis-BR, G. frondosa, P. linteus, U.esculenta were extracted with hot water. Among them, three kinds of mushrooms including T. matsutake, G. lucidum-US andC. militaris-BR extracts inhibited prostate specific antigen (PSA) expression in prostate cancer cell, LNCaP. These resultsdemonstrate that some of mushrooms inhibited PSA expression suggesting that the mushrooms might be a candidate for thetreatment of prostate cancer.

Mushroom is known for anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative potential. This study provides evidence that theinhibitory effect of mushroom on the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in human keratinocytes, HaCaT cells. To definethe underlying mechanisms of action, tumor necrosis factorα/IFNγ-activated human keratinocytes model was used. Mushroomsignificantly inhibited the expression of cytokines in HaCaT cells. Taken together, the results demonstrate that mushroom inhibitedinflammtion, suggesting that mushroom (DW extract: Grifola frondosa Cordyceps militaris), (Ethanol extract: Ganoderma lucidum,Lentinus edodes, Cordyceps militaris, Flammulina velutipes) might be a candidate for the treatment of skin inflammation.

This research is regarding Park Ki-Jong’s Western-style court costume and emphasizes the shape and style peculiarities of Western-style court costumes in the Korean Empire from the 1876 Port Opening to the 1910 annexation of Korean to Japan. Park Ki-Jong’s frock coat was made during the period of the established law from 1900 to 1910. 1) The brand was ASADA TAILOR from Kyung-Sung. 2) The shape was long at the front and back, and it featured a picked lapel and double breast with six buttons to fasten and two buttons for decoration on the upper part. 3) The frock coat's materials were black wool fabric and black ridged silk. The lining's material was black plain silk and the sleeve's lining was white with blue striped silk. 4) The front separated the upper and bottom parts. The bottom was composed of a one-piece A-line skirt that continued from the front to back. The top of the back was separated by the princess line and the center-back seam was also separated with a vent. However, the center-back of the waistline was not separated, and it continued to one piece. The sleeve shape was a two-piece sleeve style with a phony vent and two wrapping buttons.

Play is the basics of cognitive, physical, and emotional development of infants, and especially pretend play is very important in the aspect that it enhances imagination and expression of infants by drawing making up free imaginative story and physical expressions. On the other hand, on the effect of structural reality of toys used in pretend play on pretend play of infants, it is predominant that as the structure of the toy becomes higher, the pretend play is promoted. When it is connected to the environmental aspect of play of infants, it can be inferred that infants may be easily immersed in imaginative world using the fact that they are placed in play environment that provides detailed symbols about certain subjects. Also, as a technique to provide such environment, chroma key that realizes virtual learning environment may be used. Chroma key, one of image composition technologies, can be an effective means of enhancing curiosity, immersion, and expression skills of play activities by providing infants with realistic spatial background. Furthermore, sense of space is an essential basic ability to understand, interpret, and evaluate surrounding world, and virtual reality may help infants overcome physical and economic constraints of the existing child education institutes and raise their sense of space in safe environment. In addition, in order to use the chroma key technology effectively, it’s necessary to make infants understand about the chroma key and specialize teaching methods along with appropriate education plan.

Purpose: Clinical training for nursing students is limited to obstetrical nursing to avoid potential risks. This study was conducted to examine the effects of a simulation-based learning for obstetrical nursing. The study examines knowledge of obstetrical nursing, performance ability and self-confidence between experimental group (nursing student who participated in the simulation-based learning discussing case studies and comparing to their own experience) and control group. Methods: The study was designed using a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Twenty nursing students were assigned to experimental group and participated in the simulation-based learning. The data were analyzed using the SPSS 18.0 program to perform χ2-test and t-test. Results: The experimental group showed significantly higher posttest scores in knowledge, performance ability and self-confidence than those of control group. Conclusion: The study results indicate that a simulation-based learning was effective in increasing knowledge, performance ability and self-confidence for nursing students.

본 연구는 졸음운전의 지표로 예상되는 심전도의 LF/HF 비율이 효과적으로 졸음운전을 예측하는지를 검증하는 것이었다. 본 연구는 총 31명이 참가하였으며, 가상 운전시뮬레이션 과제를 활용하여 진행하였다. 수면박탈이 운전 중 LF/HF 비율에 영향을 미치는지를 검증하기 위해 충분한 수면을 취한 조건과 수면이 박탈된 조건으로 실험을 실시하였다. 충분한 수면을 취한 조건에서 참가자는 전날 6시간 이상의 수면을 취한 후 30분동안 진행되는 가상 운전과제를 수행하였다. 수면이 박탈된 조건에서는 실험에 참여하기 전날에 참가자가 5시간 이하의 수면을 취하도록 유도한 후 60분 동안 진행되는 가상 운전 과제에 참여하도록 하였다. 참가자는 두 조건 모두에서 심전도를 측정할 수 있는 장비를 착용한 상태로 가상 운전 과제를 수행하였다. LF/HF 비율과 지각된 졸음운전과의 관계성을 확인하기 위해서 참가자가 가상 운전 과제를 수행하는 동안 10분간격으로 주관적 졸림정도를 측정하였다. 실험 결과 충분한 수면을 취한 조건보다 수면박탈 조건에서 참가자의 LF/HF 비율이 감소하였으며, 동일하게 주관적 졸림정도는 증가하였다. 또한 주관적 졸림정도가 LF/HF비율을 예측하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 LF/HF 비율을 통한 졸음 운전 예측은 타당한 것으로 나타났다.