이 글은 헤르만 헤세(Hermann Hesse)의 􋺷싯다르타􋺸(Siddhartha))에 나타난 벽지불(辟支佛, Pacceka-Buddha)의 개념과 분석심리학적 개성화의 관점으로 존 재의 인격 성숙과 영적 도정의 과정을 해석해 보는데 주안점이 있다. 􋺷싯다르 타􋺸는 헤세의 내적 성찰이 반영된 자전적 작품으로 서양적 자아와 동양적 무아 (無我)의 간극 사이에서 새롭게 확장된 자아의 정립과 스스로 깨달아 성취하는 해탈지견(解脫知見)을 갖춘 벽지불 싯다르타를 그려내고 있다. 이 글에서는 싯 다르타의 영적 깨달음을 ‘아트만(ātman) 개성화’ 과정으로 해석하며 벽지불 싯 다르타의 확장된 자아론과 불교의 무아론의 간극을 재조명 한다. 융의 분석심 리학적 개념을 기초로 싯다르타의 자아 구도 여정을 ‘아트만의 4위설’(位設)의 관점에서 해석해 본다. 첫째, ‘각성위’(覺醒位)는 ‘자아의 페르소나’의 단계로 깨어있는 의식의 상태이다. 둘째, ‘몽안위’(夢眼位)는 ‘자아의 그림자’ 단계로 꿈과 환상과 같은 무의식의 내면적 성찰 상태이다. 셋째, ‘숙면위’(熟眠位)는 ‘자아의 융합 단계’로 ‘꿈 없는 잠’의 상태이다. 넷째, ‘사위’(死位)는 ‘옴과 아트 만의 단계’로 모든 형태의 개별적 자아가 사라진 평정과 열반의 상태이다. 소설 의 구조적 분석과 함께 벽지불 싯다르타의 아트만의 개성화 과정을 살펴보고 헤세의 형태 없는 자아 개념과 불교적 무아론과의 대화를 연결해 본다.

본 연구는 우리나라의 전통문화인 한지의 다양한 용도를 개발하고, 인피섬유를 주원료로 하는 한지의 특성상 폐기되어져 왔던 닥나무 목질부를 이용하여 기능성 재료인 세라믹의 제조 및 한지벽지에 이용되는데 기초 자료를 제공하고자 하였으며 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 다양한 조건에서 제조된 닥나무 세라믹을 첨가한 수초지는 세라믹 제조 시의 수지함침율, 탄화온도 및 세라믹의 첨가량에 따라 전반적인 물리적 성질은 감소하였으나 인열지수는 거의 변화가 없었다. 또한 투기도의 경우에서는 세라믹이 닥섬유의 섬유결합을 저해하여 크게 증가하였다. 한편, 한지벽지로서 습윤인장강도, 일광견뢰도, 습윤마찰견뢰도, 은폐성 등은 KS 벽지 규격을 만족시켰으나 건조마찰견뢰도는 규격에 미달되어 이에 대한 보완이 요구되었다. 따라서 폐기성 닥나무 목질부를 활용하여 세라믹을 제조 및 한지벽지에 이용함으로서 닥나무 목질부의 다양한 활용도 개발과 양호한 품질의 한지벽지를 제조하는데 충분한 가능성을 확인하였다.

Mold infestation problems in building are a complex phenomenon due to various causes such as environmental conditions including temperature and relative humidity, substrates (building materials), exposure time, and so on. Earlier studies showed the interrelationship among humidity, temperature conditions and mold growth. However, surface structure also can be a key factor to mold germination. This study conducted experiments on the mold germination and growth on wallpapers with different surface structures. Four wallpapers and two fungal species (Aspergillus versicolor, Penicillium chrysogenum) were selected for experiment and observed fungal germination and growth on the different surface structures of wallpapers using scanning electron microscope. The resulfts showed that the shape of the micro structure of wallpaper surface affected to the growth of fungi.

This study was performed to compare the dietary intake and food sources of zinc (Zn), using a database of Zn composition developed in this study, between elementary schoolchildren in a remote rural area (RA, n=58, 9.9±1.7 yrs) and those in an urban area (UA, n=60, 9.4±1.8 yrs) in Chungnam province in Korea. A dietary survey for three days by food record method was performed. All kinds of foods (n=273) consumed by subjects were collected by aliquot sampling method, and the Zn content of these foods were analyzed by wet technique. The results showed that the daily mean intakes of energy, calcium, iron, and vitamin C from diet in the RA were in the range of 49-88% of the Korean DRI (KDRI), while those in the UA were similar to or greater than the KDRI, except for calcium and iron. The daily mean intake of Zn from the RA diet was 7.0±0.5 mg/d (114.1±8.4% of the KDRI), and 16.0±1.0 mg/d (258.3±16.3% of the KDRI) in that of the UA (p〈0.001). The percentage of dietary intake of Zn less than 2/3 of the KDRI was 19.0% in the RA, in comparison to 1.7% in the UA. Those in the RA consumed Zn from plant foods more often than did those in the UA (p〈0.001). Beef rib stew was the food source with highest Zn amount for the total subjects, followed by beef rib meat, roasted; and beef soup w/seasoned red pepper sauce. These results showed that some children in the RA had poor Zn nutrition based upon low intakes and poor food sources of Zn, while overall, children in the UA had good Zn nutrition. Therefore, those in RAs should have their Zn nutrition improved through government policy and nutrition education.

In this study, the TVOCs and odor active compounds emitted from 3 PVC and 5 natural wallpapers were analyzed. The emitted odor intensities and characteristics of the wallpapers were estimated using air dilution sensory and direct olfactory methods. The emissions of TVOCs were measured using the SPME-cryogenic emission test method, which was modified from the RAL-GZ 479 method, which is used in Germany to evaluate the quality of wallpapers. It was found that there was no significant correlation between the emissions of TVOCs and the odor concentration. However, a correlation (0.57) was found between the emitted VOCs and the odor concentration of the low molecular weight compounds, which have strong volatilities, ranging from n-C6 to n-C10. For all 8 wallpapers, vinegar like odor was commonly perceived, with acetic acid identified as the main odor active compound withinthe odor. Benzaldehyde and esters, such as ethyl acrylate and n-butyl acrylate, were identified as odor active compounds, which were expressed as having rubber like smells by the panelists. These results indicate that odor should be included as a domestic regulation for the pollutants emitted from building materials. The identification of odor active compounds emitted from building materials could be useful in the production of eco-environment products.

벽지에 대한 감성형용사를 수집하였다. 수집한 형용사를 이용하여 소비자들을 위한 벽지 추천 모형을 개발하고자 한다. 설문조사, 현장조사, 인터넷 조사 등 다양한 방법을 통해 형용사를 수집하였고, 수집된 형용사들의 대표 형용사를 찾기 위해 여러 가지 통계분석 방법을 활용하였다. 유사성 행렬을 이용한 다차원 척도 분석방법을 통해 차원의 축명을 결정하고자 시도하였으며 배리맥스 회전 방법을 이용한 요인분석 방법을 통해 3개 또는 4개 정도의 축소된 요인을 찾고자 시도하였다 분석결과에 의하면 요인의 수를 3개로 했을 경우에는 약 82%의 설명력에 대중적인, 중후한, 그리고 여성스러운 등의 형용사로 축소할 수 있었으며, 요인의 수를 4개로 했을 경우에는 약93%의 설명력에 품위 있는, 무난한, 아름다운, 그리고 정감있는 등의 형용사로 축소할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이 결과를 바탕으로 하여 추후에 소비자들을 위한 벽지추천 모형을 개발하는 데 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

This study is performed to examine the meal management attitudes of housewives who had elementary schoolchildren in the remote rural areas(RA: n = 318, 37.2±0.3 years of age) in comparison to those in their vicinity urban area(UA: n = 349, 36.9±0.2 years of age) in the Chungnam province in Korea. The subjects were asked to fill out the questionnaire on their attitudes of meal management for their families. The results obtained in this study were as followings: (1) Most husbands of the subjects had a farming job in the RA while they had salaried workers in the UA(p〈0.001). Education levels of both subjects and their husbands were lower in the RA than in the UA. Nuclear families were dominated by both groups, however single parent-family and step parent-family were more prevalent in the RA than in the UA. (2) in terms of ways of getting foods such as grains, meats, eggs, vegetables and fruits, the RA housewives relied more often on self-production than did the UA housewives(p〈0.001). (3) The frequency of purchasing unprocessed foods was lower in the RA than in the UA(p〈0.001). The RA housewives purchased the convenient foods such as instant noodles(p〈0.05), ready to eatsoups(p〈0.001), retort pouch foods(p〈0.05) and instant teas(p〈0.05) more frequently than did the UA housewives, while tuna, canned in oil(p〈0.01), milk and their products(p〈0.001), soybean products(p〈0.001) and snacks(p〈0.01) were purchased less often by the RA housewives. (4) Family members except housewives engaged more often in meal preparation in the RA than did those in the UA(p〈0.001), which was more strongly observed for dinner. The time spent in preparing the dinner was shorter in the RA than in the UA(p〈0.001). (5) The degrees of endeavor to provide the subjects' offspring with balanced meal(p〈0.001) and nutrition education(p〈0.01) were lower in the RA than in the UA. The RA housewives had more difficulty for performing meal management because of 'over work-related fatigue', 'insufficient money to purchase foods' and 'far distance from grocery' than the UA housewives(p〈0.001). The RA housewives had lower score on nutritional knowledge(p〈0.001) and wanted more strongly nutritional knowledge to improve the quality of family's meal than did the UA housewives(p〈0.01). Therefore, the RA housewives had various problems regarding meal management such as 'over work related to fatigue', 'food-purchasing inconvenience', 'low economic status of family' and 'lack of nutritional knowledge'. As a consequence the RA housewives relied on cheap convenient foods more often in order to prepare the meal easily than did the UA housewives. These findings emphasize the need in the RA for nutrition education for housewives and a range of nutrition policies that focus upon the social and economic determinants of food choice within families to improve the nutritional status of the RA residents.