As the number of enlistees decreases due to social changes like declining birth rates, it is necessary to conduct research on the appropriate recalculation of the force that considers the future defense sufficiency and sustainability of the Army. However, existing research has primarily focused on qualitative studies based on comprehensive evaluations and expert opinions, lacking consideration of sustained support activities. Due to these limitations, there is a high possibility of differing opinions depending on perspectives and changes over time. In this study, we propose a quantitative method to calculate the proper personnel by applying system dynamics. For this purpose, we consider a standing army that can ensure the sufficiency of defense between battles over time as an adequate force and use battle damage calculated by wargame simulation as input data. The output data is the number of troops required to support activities, taking into account maintenance time, complexity, and difficulty. This study is the first quantitative attempt to calculate the appropriate standing army to keep the defense sufficiency of the ROK Army in 2040, and it is expected to serve as a cornerstone for adding logical and rational diversity to the qualitative force calculation studies that have been conducted so far.

For the past 70 years, an intense rivalry has persisted on the Korean Peninsula, and North Korea's nuclear and missile threats are becoming increasingly imminent. Facing a shortage of military resources, South Korea has pursued a national defense reform, significantly reducing the number of units and troops while focusing on ground forces. However, North Korea's strategic objective of unifying South Korea through surprise attacks, prompt responses, and combined nuclear and missile assaults remains unchanged. The central issue in this context revolves around determining the appropriate size of the Korean military's standing forces. This study employs the concept of net assessment as a novel method to ascertain the optimal size of the Korean military. Threats, strategic objectives, doctrine, and unit rotations are simultaneously considered from the enemy's perspective. In anticipation of security risks on the Korean Peninsula, an acceptable troop size will be proposed using the net assessment approach to calculate the appropriate standing force size.

Amphibious operations represent a pivotal military maneuver involving the transfer of landing forces via ships, boats, and aircraft from sea to land. The success of such operations can be the decisive factor in the outcome of a war. Nevertheless, planning an amphibious assault is an intricate and formidable task, demanding careful consideration of numerous variables. This complexity is particularly evident in the formulation of loading plans for troops and equipment onto naval vessels. Historical accounts underscore the profound repercussions of errors in planning and loading on the execution of these operations. In pursuit of efficient loading procedures characterized by precision and time-effectiveness, our study has delved into the realm of optimization modeling. Employing a mixed-integer mathematical programming approach, this optimization model offers a valuable tool to streamline and enhance the preparatory phase of amphibious operations.

본 연구는 변화하는 한국의 국방환경 양상에 주목하여 현실적인 병역제도 결정 요인을 분석하고 한국군의 발전 방향을 제시하는 것이다. 이를 위해, 한국의 국방 환경 변화양상을 통해서 한국군이 구비 해야 하는 역량요인을 도출하고 병역제도 유형에 대입함으로써 한국에 적합한 제도를 찾는 것이다. 또한 병력의 역량요인 을 통해서 병역제도에 영향을 줄 수 있는 인적 측면의 결정요인 도출과 한국군의 발전 방향을 제시하고자 한다. 한국의 국방환경은 급속한 변화를 맞이하고 있다. 4차 산업혁명에서 기인한 첨단과학 기술의 발달은 한국군의 장비와 무기체계에 진보적인 발전을 가져오고 있다. 여성의 사회진출과 활동의 증가는 경력단절과 경제적 여건을 이유로 출산을 기피하게 되고 병역자원의 급감으로 이어져 병력충 원에 어려움이 예상된다. 병역의무 부담 경감을 위해 시행된 복무기간의 단축은 병력의 숙련도를 감소시켜 군의 전투력 발휘에 어려움이 예상된다. MZ세대로 지 칭하는 젊은 세대가 추구하는 개성과 자유는 국가의 강제력에 의한 징병제와 병 역의무에 대한 부정적 인식으로 나타나고 있다. 이러한 변화양상은 병력을 소수 로 구성하고 개개인이 기술과 전문성을 가지며 장기적으로 복무하여 숙련성과 운 용성을 증대시킬 수 있어야 한다. 결국 국방환경 변화로 인하여 한국의 병역제도 에 영향을 줄 수 있는 결정요인들은 모병제에 적절한 요인들로 점진적인 전환과 발전 방향의 설정이 필요한 시점이다.

이 연구는 동원전력을 구성하는 동원자원의 군사적 효용성을 분석하 고 강화 방안을 제시하기 위한 것이다. 동원전력의 군사능력과 잠재역 량, 그리고 평판은 군사적 효용성의 척도이다. 동원전력이 평시 전쟁 억제 기능을 한다면 군사적 효용 가치가 있는 것이다. 그러나 전쟁 초 기 방어작전에 참여하는 동원사단은 군사력으로서 평판이 낮은 수준이 다. 이를 개선하려면 한국군의 ‘동원’ 개념부터 재설계해야 한다. 현대 화된 자원으로 잘 준비되고 훈련된 잠재전력을 유사시 작전에 활용하 는 개념이 동원이어야 한다. 둘째, 선발예비군 제도를 도입하여 비상근 전투예비군으로 동원사단을 집중 육성해야 한다. 이들은 상비전력 저하 를 상쇄하고 병역제도 전환기적 과도기에 국방운영의 융통성을 제공하 게 될 것이다. 셋째, 전시 군수소요의 충당은 국민의 재산을 먼저 활용 한다는 편의적 관례에서 벗어나 비축을 통해 평시 동원전력의 완전성 을 높여야 한다. 동원사단의 무기체계‧장비‧물자는 상비군과 동일하게 현대화하고, 긴요 품목 대부분은 비축하여 유사시 즉각 전투력이 발휘 되도록 해야 한다. 군과 정부는 미래 안보의 비관적 상황을 전제로 대 비하되 불가피한 선택의 시간이 오기 전에 동원자원의 군사력 효용성 을 높이는 정책을 과감하게 추진해야 할 것이다.

PURPOSES : The purpose of this research was to select sites that are appropriate for the storage of individual protective gear that can be used by traffic-controlling police when chemical terrorism occurs. METHODS : A storage facility, which is classified as Class A in the Act on Safety Action at Facilities Vulnerable to Terrorism, is defined for use in the event of soft-target chemical terrorism. Considering the number of controlled intersections and the police stations/substations within a radius of 750 m, the jurisdiction of traffic police and grade of protective gear were identified using ammonia, which has the widest protection boundary among known chemical terrorism substances. RESULTS : The results indicate that mobilization should only occur after the police have put on protective gear at the nearby station, regardless of the police district. Additionally, Class B protective gear should be furnished if there is a police station/substation within the jurisdiction, whereas Class C protective gear should be furnished if there is police station/substation outside of the jurisdiction. CONCLUSIONS : Because it is inefficient to keep protective gear at all police stations/substations, appropriate sites should be selected in accordance with chemical terrorism action strategy.

This study was to investigate the positive effects of specially designed trunk-stabilization exercise program on lower extremity balance of elderly with history of leprosy. In this participants, lower extremity functions has been undermined by the development of damage in peripheral nerves. A total of 40 elderly with history of leprosy were divided into 2 groups of equal size (): a group that participated in the exercise program, and a control group that did not exercise but did continue to engage in normal daily activities (including walking). The exercise group exercised for 60 minutes 2 days a week for 12 weeks. Static balance ability was measured by asking study participants to a one leg standing test: dynamic balancing ability was measured with a tandem walking test and a timed up-and-go test. The participants in the exercise program and the control group were tested before and after completion of the exercise program for comparison, and then divided according to their ability to feel sensory in the soles of their feet into the categories of normal sensory group: group with sensory loss in one foot: and group with sensory loss in both feet. The participants in the exercise program showed a positive, statistically significant difference in static balance compared with the control group (p<.05) as measured using the one leg standing test. Similarly, the participants in dynamic balance (p<.05) as measured using the tandem walking and timed up-and-go tests. Finally, these improvements were related to the severity of sensory loss in the soles of the feet for all study participants.