Purpose: This study examined the effect of the blended learning method during self-practice of transfusion therapy on nursing students’ academic achievement in transfusion therapy, confidence in performing transfusion therapy, self-directed learning ability, and satisfaction with self-practice. Methods: The study design was a non-equivalent control group pretestposttest quasi-experimental design. The participants were 75 nursing students divided into two groups: 38 in the experiment group and 37 in the control group. The blended learning method, combined with face-to-face and online learning, was applied to the experimental group’s self-practice from October 12 to 30, 2020. For the control group’s self-practice, face-to-face learning without online learning was employed. Results: The experimental group showed significantly better academic achievement than the control group. There were no significant differences in confidence in performance, self-directed learning ability, and satisfaction with self-practice between the two groups. Conclusion: This study showed that the blended learning method combined with face-to-face learning and online learning in self-practice significantly affected academic achievement. Further studies are needed to identify effective online learning methods for nursing practice.

Purpose: Simulation-based education combined with mastery learning is more effective than simulation-based education alone. This study aimed to evaluate its effectiveness with regard to both technical and non-technical skills of simulation-based mastery learning (SBML) in blood transfusion training among undergraduate nursing students. Method: A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. Fifty-one second-year students at a college of nursing in W city, South Korea, who had not started clinical practice were selected by convenience sampling and allocated to either the experimental or control group using the zigzag method. SBML program was consisted of a diagnostic test, repeated learning and formative assessments for non-passers. All outcome variables were measured before and after completion of the program. Results: The experimental group showed significantly increased performance scores of blood transfusion as compared to the control group (z=29.50, p＜.001), with better outcomes in number of students achieving minimum passing score (χ2 =20.07, p＜.001), self-confidence (F=17.68, p＜.001), and communication skills (z=166.00, p=.003). Conclusion: This program was effective for undergraduate students to better improvement in performance, self-confidence, and communication skills, which can ensure greater safety in the transfusion. The results suggest that SBML ensures skill acquisition for clinical practice through improved performances in both technical and non-technical skills.

Researches on the pit dwellings in the Joseon Dynasty era have been constantly conducted in the archeology field since the beginning of the 2000s. Most of the related researches in the past have been on the classification and chronological record of dwelling types in archeology, but architectural researches on the dwelling history that is connected from the prehistoric age to the Joseon Dynasty era are insufficient. There are no big differences between the excavated pit dwellings of the Joseon Dynasty era and those of the prehistoric age, so pit dwellings were considered to have been used as dwellings for common people until the Joseon dynasty era. This fact is confirmed by the frequency and density of pit dwellings. In this research, what space composition of the pit dwellings that are equipped with the Korean floor heating system is shown according to the plan types was examined and the development and transition process from pit dwellings to Folk houses were analyzed and their correlations with the Folk houses of the Joseon Dynasty era were examined. The Folk house form did not start with the form of the house on the ground but originate from the introduction of Ondol, the Korean floor heating system, to pit dwellings. As the Korean floor heating system is used, the room and kitchen space are composed in the pit dwelling, and the kitchen is expanded to the one that separates the fireplace for cooking to avoid heating that is unnecessary for the summer season. As the size of the dwelling was getting bigger, the division of the space is made by the pillars that support the interior space. Also, the dwelling is expanded into a single row house and a double row house according to the progress direction of Ondol. In other words, the pit dwellings in the Joseon Dynasty era develops with making up diverse floors through the combination and expansion of Ondol and kitchen according to the dweller’s convenience and life style and surrounding environment. This research is significant in the sense that it helps understand the formation and development process of our traditional Folk houses and fills the gap between the pit dwellings, which have been dealt with inadequately, and traditional Folk houses in the Korean dwelling history.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of debriefing learning using peer feedback after blood transfusion nursing simulation practice. Methods: This study is a mixed method research to investigate the effect of debriefing using peer feedback on learning. The subjects of this study were third-year nursing students, and 23 of them were allocated to the control group and 19 to the experimental group. The experimental treatment was performed for about three hours, and the debriefing using peer feedback was not performed with the control group. The effect of the debriefing was measured in terms of the knowledge, attitude, and confidence in the performance with regard to blood transfusion nursing. The qualitative data about cognitive learning experience during the debriefing were analyzed. The quantitative data were analyzed by a t-test, a x² test, and a paired t-test by using IBM Statistics SPSS 19.0 software. Results: The results showed that the knowledge was significantly increased in both the control group and the experimental group (paired t=-6.411, p<.001; paired t=-5.759, p<.001), that the attitude toward the blood transfusion nursing was not significantly changed in both groups (paired t=-0.639, p=.530; paired t=-0.631, p=.536), and that the confidence in the performance was significantly increased in both groups (paired t=-5.124, p<.001; paired t=-4.747, p<.001). The qualitative data analysis of the cognitive learning experience during the debriefing showed that the content was divided into four subjects: “My errors are clearly seen as I reflect on myself,” “I can understand how to say and perform,” “I could make the knowledge my own by reviewing what I have done,” and “I could have see the big picture of nursing skills.” Conclusion:. The results of this study showed that the debriefing using peer feedback after the simulation had the learning effects of repeated learning and experiential learning of specific nursing skill, indicating that it is a useful education tool in nursing education.

전기 청동기시대에 대한 연구는 유구와 유물의 분석을 통한 편년, 그리고 주거지를 대상으로 한 취락연구가 주를 이루어 왔으며, 이에 대한 많은 진전이 이루어졌다. 그러나 개별적인 유구분석과 연구는 주거지에 국한되어, 주변에서 확인되는 수혈유구에 대해서는 내부에서 출토되는 유물의 양이 적고 구조를 밝힐 수 있는 시설도 없어 연구대상에서 제외되어 왔다. 그러나 수혈유구는 취락의 일부를 차지하면서 변화하며 사회·경제적으로도 큰 의미를 담고 있음을 밝힐 수 있었다. 수혈유구는 신석기시대에서 청동기시대로 넘어오면서 기능 뿐 아니라 유구자체, 입지와 취락 내 위치, 그리고 분포 양상 등에서 기존과는 다른 모습으로 변화·전개되어 나간다. 초기에 발생한 수혈유구는 신석기시대 저장공과 유사하게 저장의 기본적인 기능을 갖지만 점차 취사 및 의례 등의 여러 기능을 동시에 갖게 된다. 평면형태와 내부시설은 방형의 노지가 설치된 수혈유구에서 원형의 무시설식 수혈유구로 변화하면서 깊이 또한 점차 깊어지게 되고 후기의 송국리형 저장공으로 대표되어 간다. 입지에서도 변화의 양상이 파악되는데, 구릉의 정상부에서 점차 사면부 및 곡부로 이동하는 모습이 관찰된다. 이와 함께 주거군 사이에서 개별적으로 위치하다 점차 주거군의 외부, 즉 취락의 외곽에서 수혈유구는 군집되어 설치된다. 이러한 변화는 취락의 구조 변화와 그 궤를 같이하며 사회경제적 의미의 변화도 반영함을 알 수 있었다. 개인적이며 임시적인 구조물의 성격에서 벗어나 점차 취락 내 중요위치를 차지하며 공공재의 성격을 띠어 나가게 되면서, 전문적 관리자의 등장을 초래하고 이로 인해 계층화의 발생도 일어나는 것을 판단할 수 있었다.