콘크리트 포장의 조기 파손을 초래하는 콘크리트 혼합물의 품질 저하는 최근 종종 발생되고 있다. 이로 인한 유지보수 비용 또한 증 가하는 추세이다. 본 연구는 이러한 문제를 해결하고자 콘크리트 배합 시 효과적으로 유변학적 특성을 측정하여 콘크리트 품질을 예 측할 수 있는 시제품 개발을 연구 중이다. 현재 상용화되어 사용되고 있는 ICAR Plus Rheometer 장비의 이론을 변경 적용하여, 본 시제품 Twin Shaft Rheometer mixer를 개발하였다. 동시에 레오미터 장비를 활용해 유변학적 특성을 확인하고 측정하였다. 콘크리트 의 변형과 움직임을 분석하기 위해 수직, 수평 거동의 비교분석을 진행하였고, 흐름 저항성과 토크 점성을 이용하여 유변학적 특성을 기존 장비와 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과 절댓값의 차이는 존재하나 선형적 유사성을 가지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 높은 정확성을 위해 추 가연구는 진행하고 있다. 추가로 슬럼프 측정 센서 또한 개발 진행 중이며, 이 장비는 마이크로파를 통해 매질의 변화를 측정하여 슬 럼프를 유추하는 센서로 더욱 정밀한 결과값을 위해 추가연구 진행하고 있다.

PURPOSES :In this paper, the flow of construction material was simulated using computational fluid dynamics in a 2D axisymmetric condition to evaluate the effect of initial or varying material properties on the final shape of a specimen.METHODS :The CFD model was verified by using a well-known analytical solution for a given test condition followed by performing a sensitivity analysis to evaluate the effect of material properties on the final shape of material. Varying dynamic viscosity and yield stress were also considered.RESULTS :The CFD model in a 2D axisymmetric condition agreed with the analytical solution for most yield stress conditions. Minor disagreements observed at high yield stress conditions indicate improper application of the pure shear assumption for the given material behavior. It was also observed that the variation of yield stress and dynamic viscosity during curing had a meaningful effect on the final shape of the specimen.CONCLUSIONS :It is concluded that CFD modeling in a 2D axisymmetric condition is good enough to evaluate fluidal characteristics of material. The model is able to consider varying yield stress and viscosity during curing. The 3D CFD-DEM coupled model may be required to consider the interaction of aggregates in fluid.

PURPOSES : In this paper, the analytical solutions suggested to simulate the behavior of rheological fluids were rigorously re-derived and investigated for fixed conditions to evaluate the applicability for the solutions on a mini-cone slump test of cement paste. The selected solutions with proper boundary conditions can be used as reference solutions to evaluate the performance of numerical simulation approaches, such as the discrete element method. METHODS: The slump, height, and spread radius for the given boundary and yield stress conditions that are determined by five different analytical solutions are compared. RESULTS: The analytical solution based on fluid mechanics for pure shear flow shows similar results to that for intermediate flow at low yield stresses. The fluid mechanics-based analytical solution resulted in a very similar trend to the geometry-based analytical solution. However, it showed a higher slump at high yield stress and lower slump at low yield stress ranges than the geometry-based analytical model. The analytical solution based on the mini-cone geometry was not significantly affected by the yield criteria, such as von Mises and Tresca. CONCLUSIONS: Even though differences among the analytical solutions in terms of slump and spread radius existed, the difference can be considered insignificant when the solutions were used as reference to evaluate the appropriateness of numerical approaches, such as the discrete element method.

PURPOSES: Simulation of aggregate slump test using equivalent sphere particle in DEM and its validity evaluation against lab aggregate slump test METHODS : In this research, aggregate slump tests are performed and compared with DEM simulation. To utilize spheric particles in YADE, equivalent sphere diameter concept is applied. As verification measures, the volume in slump cone filled with aggregate is used and it is compared with volume in slump cone filled with equivalent sphere particle. Slump height and diameter are also used to evaluate the suggested numerical method with equivalent concept RESULTS : Simulation test results show good agrement with lab test results in terms of loose packing volume, height and diameter of slumped particle clump. CONCLUSIONS : It is concluded that numerical simulation using DEM is applicable to evaluate the effect of aggregate morphological property in loose packing and optimum gradation determination based on the aggregate slump test simulation result.

본 연구는 콘크리트 산업에 있어 자원 고갈, 환경 문제 등을 대처할 수 있는 순환골재의 활용을 촉진하며 순환골재콘크리트의 레미콘 실생산을 위한 기초적 연구로서, 순환골재 사용량에 따른 슬럼프 고정 순환골재콘크리트의 물시멘트비 변화 및 물리적 특성을 실험하고 그 결과를 회귀분석하여 순환골재콘크리트의 압축강도 추정을 위한 단위시멘트량, 순환골재의 사용량, 물시멘트비 등 레미콘 생산 조건을 검토하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 순환골재를 사용한 콘크리트는 목표 슬럼프를 유지하기 위해서는 단위수량 증가가 요구되며, 순환굵은골재 보다 순환잔골재의 치환에 더 많은 단위수량의 증가가 필요하였다. 순환잔골재의 치환율은 60%이하는 레미콘 품질기준에 벗어나지 않는 공기량 확보가 가능하였다. 순환골재를 사용한 콘크리트의 압축강도는 순환골재의 치환율이 증가할수록 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 순환잔골재를 100% 치환한 경우 압축강도는 25%정도 저하하였다. 순환골재를 사용한 콘크리트의 배합인자에 따른 압축강도의 상관관계를 분석한 결과, 순환잔골재>물시멘트비>공기량 순으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate in-depth causes of slump, symptoms and factors leading professional golfer's bounce-back and present phenomena and psychology in the course of time, provided that it accords to the phenomenon that professional golfers’skill sets are improved after a period of slump is defined as “slump bounce back.” Methods: Subjects of study were 4 male golfers and 5 female golfers. Results were extracted from in-depth interviews. Results: In causes of professional golfer’s slump were from faulty swing, inefficient practice, lack of practice, plateau condition, injury, problems of physical strength, health issues, boredom, criticism from surrounding people, stress from comparing with fellow golfers, pride, uncertain goals, etc., and environmental causes were from financial problem, personal relations, conflict with instructors, change of environment, etc. In symptoms included continuously worsening skills; physical symptoms included insomnia, worsening health, physical exhaustion, hair loss, subjects experiencing negative emotions, psychological isolation, a drop in psychological functions, financial problem, relationship with parents, attitude from surrounding people, etc. As for the factors for depressed golfers to bounce back, it was due to continuous practice, change of methods, improved scores and techniques, physical maintenance, positive change in emotions, training in psychological techniques, financial comfort, parental support and instructor’s help, fellow golfer’s roles, special opportunities, etc.

In this study, fresh state properties and mechanical properties of low slump modified sulfur concrete have been evaluated in order to utilize the test results as baseline data for usability analysis of modified sulfur concrete which can be applied to slip-form method. As results, holding time of slump test was delayed under 5.0% of modified sulfur addition ratio. Also, compressive strength, and tensile strength of modified sulfur concrete were equivalent with that of plain concrete.

In this study, fresh state properties and mechanical properties of low slump modified sulfur concrete have been evaluated in order to utilize the test results as baseline data for usability analysis of modified sulfur concrete which can be applied to slip-form method. As results, holding time of slump test was delayed under 5.0% of modified sulfur addition ratio. Also, compressive strength, and tensile strength of modified sulfur concrete were equivalent with that of plain concrete.

This study developed an indirect measurement method for viscosity and yield-stress using an reduced v-funnel and mini-slump cone and proposed the correlation graph between v-funnel flow time and viscosity, mini-slump flow and yield stress.