과밀수용 문제는 수용자의 인권 침해, 교정공무원의 직무의지 약화와 교정역량 저하, 교정사고의 발생률 증가, 재사회화라는 교정의 목적 달성 불가 등 다양한 문제들을 동시에 발생시킬 우려가 매우 크고, 이는 곧 교정의 운영을 매우 곤란하게 할뿐만 아니라 형사사법제도의 전반에 영향을 미치고, 나아가 사회의 전반적인 문제, 예컨대 범죄발생의 증가에 따른 치안 악화, 과밀수용과 관련된 국가예산의 증가 등으로 직결되어 국가정책(형사정책; 사회안전망 구축) 수행에 막대한 지장을 초래하게 된다. 따라서 교정시설 과밀수용을 해소하기 위하여 대책을 마련하는 것이 시급하다는 점에서 그 시의성을 고려할 때 연구의 필요성이 매우 크다고 볼 수 있다. 교정시설은 자체적으로 수용자의 인원수를 제어할 수 있는 권한을 가지고 있지 않다는 점에서 교정시설 과밀수용에 대한 해소방안은 매우 어려운 문제이다. 교정시설 입소 및 기간에 대한 결정은 법원의 권한이며, 출소와 관련하여 형기만료 및 가석방 결정에 대한 권한은 법무부장관 소속의 가석방심사위원회가 가지고 있기 때문이다. 따라서 교정시설 내의 수용자 수에 대해서는 교정시설은 전적으로 수동적인 입장에 서있기 때문에 교정시설 측의 노력에 의해 과밀수용을 해소하는 방안을 모색하는 것은 교정시설의 증설･증축 외에는 기대할 수 없다. 그러나 이는 형사정책상 바람직한 방향이 아니기 때문에 과밀수용을 초래한 원인과 배경을 분명히 하여 형사사법제도 전반의 운용을 재검토하는 작업이 필요하다. 따라서 형사사법제도 전반을 단계별로 분석하여 각 단계에 대응하는 방안을 강구할 필요가 있다. 검찰과 법원에서 불구속 수사 및 불구속 재판의 확대와 공판중심주의를 기반으로 피의자들의 방어권을 최대한 보장하고 있는 반면, 법정구속비율･실형선고･형기가 증가추세를 보이고 있어 법집행이 더욱 엄격해지고 있는 것으로 보인다. 하지만 엄격한 법집행이 반드시 올바른 것은 아니다. 교정정책의 핵심은 교정시설 내에 수용된 수용자들의 구금확보 및 교정교화이다. 교정시설의 과밀수용이 수용자 및 교도관 모두에게 필연적으로 부정적인 영향을 준다. 따라서 교정시설의 과밀수용 상황을 시급해 해소하여야 한다.

원자전달 라디칼 중합을 이용하여 poly(epichlorohydrine) (PECH)를 주사슬로 한 양친성 가지형 공중합체를 합성하였다. PECH로부터 poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA) 및 poly(butyl methacrylate)(PBMA)의 가지형 중합이 성공적임을 1H NMR과 FT-IR분석을 통해 확인하였다. 합성한 가지형 공중합체에 KI나 LiI 염을 도입하였을 때, ether 신축진동 피크가 낮은 wavenumber영역으로 이동하였으며, 이는 배위결합 상호작용 때문이다. PECH-g-PBMA 복합체의 이온 전도도는 PECH-g-PMMA 복합체에 비해 항상 높게 나타났는데, 이는 고무상인 PBMA 사슬의 높은 이동성으로부터 기인한 것으로 확인되었다. 최고 이온전도도 값은 질량비 10 wt%의 KI가 도입된 PECH-g-PBMA 전해질체에서 2.7 × 10 -5 S/cm로 나타났다.

Poly(vinyl chloride)-g-poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PVC-g-PSSA) 가지형 공중합체를 합성한 후, 이를 이용하여 80℃에서 열적으로 환원하여 은 나노입자를 제조하였다. 반응 시간을 바꿈에 따라 다양한 구조의 은 나노입자를 제조하는데 성공하였다. 1시간 정도의 짧은 반응 시간에서는 가지형 공중합체의 미세 상분리 구조를 크게 변화시키지 않고 5 nm 크기의 작은 은 나노입자가 생성되었다. 5시간 정도의 중간 반응 시간에서는 30 내지 50 nm 정도의 크기를 갖는 은 나노입자가 생성되었다. 18시간 정도의 긴 반응 시간에서는, 은입자가 뭉친 허리케인 모양의 은 집합체가 관찰되었다.

Objective : Liver cancer is common cancer generating 11.3% incidence in Korea. But Oriental medical doctor (OMD) often can't measure therapy on liver cancer positively because that the prognosis on it is not good. It is impossible the results on all of diseases not only liver cancer always to have to be good. Methods : It is studied the literature referencing liver cancer, experimental articles to insist the effects of Oriental medicine planet to liver cancer and the clinical cases on liver cancer to be treated as Oriental medicine therapy to have effects. Results : it is required to find out the causes of diseases and therapy method to conquest the diseases for the medical therapy. But because the results on medical therapy are not always good, it is necessary for the doctor who want to treat the diseases like liver cancer having the prognosis to be death to protect himself, like as the legal system, a medical policy. And consequently, this protecting legal system lead the medical therapy principle or method on some special diseases to therapy completion on it. As a results of policy, medical therapy have to be developed. Recently, there have been many other development in oriental medical therapy. This development can be grouped as two type. One type is clinical part and the other is experimental research part. Specially the experimental research and clinical research on live cancer in oriental medical therapy have been developed. So the present day is the time to make medical policy on liver cancer for OMD to measure oriental medical therapy and develop oriental medical theory. Conclusions : As a above results, we propose that the name of liver cancer have to use in Korean medicine security clinical name (한방의료보험상병명) to make oriental medical policy.

Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) 주사슬과 poly(hydroxyethyl acrylate) (PHEA) 곁사슬로 구성된 빗살모양의 PVC-g-PHEA 공중합체를 원자전달라디칼 중합을 통해 합성하였다. 이렇게 합성된 PVC-g-PHEA의 OH 그룹과 이미다졸 디카르복실릭산 (IDA)의 COOH 그룹과의 에스테르 반응에 의하여 가교된 전해질막을 제조하였다. 인산(PA)을 도핑하여 이미다졸-인산 착체를 형성한 결과, PA함량이 증가함에 따라 고분자 전해질막의 수소 이온 전도도가 증가하였다. 특히 100도 비가습 조건에서 수소 이온 전도도는 최대 0.011 S/cm까지 증가하였다. 만능 재료 시험기(UTM) 측정결과, 제조된 PVC-g-PHEA/IDA/PA 전해질막은 575 MPa의 높은 Young 모듈러스 및 기계적 강도를 보여주었다. 열분석 결과(TGA) 전해질막은 200℃까지 열적으로 안정함을 확인하였다.

Crack-free joining of Si3N4 and Al2O3 using 15 layers has been achieved by a unique approach introducing Sialon polytypoids as a functionally graded materials (FGMs) bonding layer. In the past, hot press sintering of multilayered FGMs with 20 layers of thickness 500μm each has been fabricated successfully. In this study, the number of layers for FGM was reduced to 15 layers from 20 layers for optimization. For fabrication, model was hot pressed at 38 MPa while heating up to 1700˚, and it was cooled at 2˚/min to minimize residual stress during sintering. Initially, FGM with 15 layers had cracks near 90 wt.% 12H / 10 wt.% Al2O3 and 90 wt.% 12H/10 wt.% Si3N4 layers. To solve this problem, FEM (finite element method) program based on the maximum tensile stress theory was applied to design optimized FGM layers of crack free joint. The sample is 3-dimensional cylindrical shape where this has been transformed to 2-dimensional axisymmetric mode. Based on the simulation, crack-free FGM sample was obtained by designing axial, hoop and radial stresses less than tensile strength values across all the layers of FGM. Therefore, we were able to predict and prevent the damage by calculating its thermal stress using its elastic modulus and coefficient of thermal expansion. Such analyses are especially useful for FGM samples where the residual stresses are very difficult to measure experimentally.

This study was designed to investigate the location of Sin-Guel(CV8, 神闕) through literature research. We extracted the part about the location of Sin-Guel(CV8, 神闕) from ancient and modern oriental medical literature which were used commonly in clinic. The results were summarized as follows; 1. The location of Sin-Guel(CV8, 神闕) were generally recorded DangJeJung. 2. Sin-Guel(CV8, 神闕) placed in middle of linea alba. 3. Treatment effect of moxibustion on Sin-Guel(CV8, 神闕) were recorded as diarrhea, dropsy, prolapse of the anus, stomachache, paralysis etc.. 4. Acupuncture therapy on Sin-Guel(CV8, 神闕) is dangerous because of inflammation, it is suggested that acupuncture therapy may be possible if acupuncture therapy do not induce inflammation on Sin-Guel(CV8, 神闕).

With a view to investigating how Epimedium koreanum Nakai affects formation of melanin content in skin, we have measured change in the number of cell, melanin content, and tyrosinase activity by treating its aqueous extracts at various concentrations with B16 melanoma cells, the result of which is as follows: Firstly, cell viability has been shown as over 95% when treating with the aqueous extract of Epimedium koreanum Nakai up to 200 ug/mL, from which the effect of cell toxicology has not nearly appeared. Secondly, the number of cell has been slightly decreased than that of the control group when treating with the aqueous extract of Epimedium koreanum Nakai, which has not shown a statistical noteworthiness. Thirdly, the aqueous extract of Epimedium koreanum Nakai has increased in tyrosinase activity. Fourthly, the aqueous extract of Epimedium koreanum Nakai has promoted the formation of melanin content, its final product. According to the result, it is confirmed that Epimedium koreanum Nakai has the influence on promoting melanization of B16 melanoma cell, and it is considered that Epimedium koreanum Nakai can be applicable for curing vitiligo caused by decrease or loss of pigment through a systematic study.

목적: 본 연구는 기존의 메타인지 연구들을 고찰하여, 운동선수 메타인지의 이론적 구성개념을 탐색하는데 목적이 있다. 본문: 메타인지의 정의와 구성개념이라는 주제로 기존의 선행연구들이 제시한 메타인지의 정의와 흐름에 따른 구성개념의 변화를 살펴보았다. 이어 메타인지 기능의 하위요인으로 영역적 관점, 학습과 문제해결, 측정방법과 기능의 등을 알아보았다. 문헌고찰을 통해 기존의 심리학 분야에서 제시한 메타인지 구조와 운동학습의 구조적 유사성을 바탕으로 운동선수 메타인지의 구성개념을 탐색하였다. 결론: 운동선수의 메타인지는 Schraw, Dennison(1994)의 지식과 통제라는 이론적 구조를 바탕으로 선언적, 절차적, 조건적 지식과 계획, 모니터링, 평가 등의 체계로 구성하였다.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate in-depth causes of slump, symptoms and factors leading professional golfer's bounce-back and present phenomena and psychology in the course of time, provided that it accords to the phenomenon that professional golfers’skill sets are improved after a period of slump is defined as “slump bounce back.” Methods: Subjects of study were 4 male golfers and 5 female golfers. Results were extracted from in-depth interviews. Results: In causes of professional golfer’s slump were from faulty swing, inefficient practice, lack of practice, plateau condition, injury, problems of physical strength, health issues, boredom, criticism from surrounding people, stress from comparing with fellow golfers, pride, uncertain goals, etc., and environmental causes were from financial problem, personal relations, conflict with instructors, change of environment, etc. In symptoms included continuously worsening skills; physical symptoms included insomnia, worsening health, physical exhaustion, hair loss, subjects experiencing negative emotions, psychological isolation, a drop in psychological functions, financial problem, relationship with parents, attitude from surrounding people, etc. As for the factors for depressed golfers to bounce back, it was due to continuous practice, change of methods, improved scores and techniques, physical maintenance, positive change in emotions, training in psychological techniques, financial comfort, parental support and instructor’s help, fellow golfer’s roles, special opportunities, etc.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to report a case of psychological support and supervision for a university soccer team. Methods: Psychological support was provided to 32 players in the C university soccer team. 10 or so essential psychological skills including the importance of psychological training, goal setting, strategies to be motivated, enhancing confidence, teamwork, self-regulation, or concentration training were systematized with CAU10 Program, and this was designed properly to the event of soccer. Results: Total 11 sessions were composed of education, practice, and discussion with 80 minutes in each week. To examine the effects of psychological support, SIMS, TEOSQ, and PS test sheets were used. According to the results of the T-Test, it exerted significant effects on the factors of intrinsic motivation (p<.05), confidence (p<.01), and goal setting (p<.05). Conclusion: For field training and supervision, they received training for license grade 2 and then made plans for field training. Submitting an application form for training to Korean Society of Sport Psychology, they got approved. The psychological support team consisted of five trainees and two supervisors. In each team, one or two trainees were arranged, and they were formally appointed as a mental coach by the director, coaching staff, or players. In this case, the soccer team included trainees attending graduate school or having experience to work as a player. Once a week, they were provided with field support, supervision, and irregular field observation and counseling, and also, supervision was done once a week with two grade 1 supervisors. Mainly about preparation for education, ideas to make contents, demonstration for education, or counseling, they were provided with feedback, and this was written as a report for each session. It has been found that field training and supervision have positive effects on grade 2 sport psychology counselor trainees in terms of securing expertise and experience, knowhow, confidence for field support, or contents for psychological support.