Objectives: This study was produced to examine the effects of moxibustion that had been played important role to traditional oriental medical treatment on disease. Recently, it was reported that moxi-tar which is generated in the process of moxibustion as burning combustibles decreased nitric oxide(NO) and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) generation in cellular experiments. Methods: Carrageenan-induced arthritis rat model was used to test the effect of moxi-tar as a chronic pain model. Diluted moxi-tar was single injected in several acupoints or combined with electroacupuncture (l ms, 2 Hz, and 2 mA) into contralateral ST36 acupoint for 30 min to assess the synergic effects. After the treatment, behavioral tests measuring stepping force were periodically conducted during the next 12 hours. Endogenous NO and iNOS, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and c-Fos protein expression in the spinal cord were examined on a rat model of carrageenan-induced arthritis. Results : After the induction of arthritis, rats subsequently showed a reduced stepping force of the affected limb for at least the next 4 days. The reduced stepping force of the limb was presumably due to a painful knee, since oral injection of indomethacin produced temporary improvement of weight bearing. Maxi-tar produced significant improvement of stepping force of the hindlimb affected by the arthritis lasting at least 9 hours. The magnitude of this improvement was equivalent to that obtained after an oral injection of 3 mg/kg of indomethacin and this improvement of stepping force was interpreted as an analgesic effect. Maxi-tar produced the improvement of stepping force of the affected hindlimb in a dose-dependent manner. Both NO production and iNOS, COX-2 protein expression increased by arthritis were suppressed by maxi-tar. Moxi-tar on combination with electroacupuncture (EA) produced more powerful and longer lasting improvement of stepping force of the hindlimb affected by the arthritis than either moxi-tar or EA did. Conclusion : The present study suggest that maxi-tar produces a potent analgesic effect on the chronic knee arthritis pain model in the rat and that moxi-tar-induced analgesia modulate endogenous NO through the suppression of iNOS/COX-2 protein expression.

Objective: <千金方(Qianjinfang)> which documents a great amount of prescription of Acupuncture and moxibustion bikes an important role during the development of acupuncture and moxibustion. Thus, it have given rise us to the research-situation of Tang Dynasty China of previous period. This study was to outline the rules of choosing acupoints as well as the prescriptions of contemporary times in reference with <千金方(Qianjinfang)>, and to discuss the conception of acupuncture and moxibustion in <千金方(Qianjinfang)>. Method: Based on <千金方(Qianjinfang)>, the parameters were categorized to a certain scope, syndromes in different type were classified. Also numbers of acupoints, route of meridians locations, utilities of special acupoints even prescription methods were statistically analyzed in reference with <千金方(Qianjinfang)>. Results & Conclusion: Acupuncture prescription in <千金方(Qianjinfang)> was mostly presented by single acupoint and this was basic prescription of its rule of choosing acupoints. Choosing acupoint for the majority of various diseases started from choosing meridians with the disorder, but no rules for choosing acupoints was clear. There was basically various methods in choosing acupoints, but little were used by Biao-Ii meridian choosing method (表裏經配穴.) In the high frequency of use, wu-shu acupoints was higher used than other specific acupoints (特定穴). While wu-shu acupoints treated the major parts of the diseases, shu-mo acupoints were strictly used on system. Consequently : The theoretical basis originating the choosing rules of the acupoints and prescriptions was shown in <千金方(Qianjinfang)> as representative clinical reference, through which it was valuable to analyze the prescription rule and specificity of the acupoints.

This study investigate the correlation of Dan-Jeon and Meridian point in the lower abdomen. We considered that Dan-Jeon is not one meridian point of Lower Abdomen surface but a elastic and cubic round space of lower abdomen. And we considered that Dan-Jeon and meridian point in the lower abdomen has close relationship and similar function with characteristic of each meridian point, disease and diagnosis.

This study investigated diagnostic skills that use meridian points and meridian which shows the signs of illness. From the text of Yeong-Chu, we tried to find out the relationship with meridian(contain meridian point) and disease. The diagnosis with the meridian, we made a study of the relationship with multiple abscess, channel disease, so-saeng-byung. The diagnosis with the meridian point, we considered that the relationship with characteristic of each meridian point, disease and diagnosis.

Literally, the mean of Tae-gye is highest brook. And on the basis of the acupuncture theory, Tae-gye point is the Soo earth point and source point of the Kidney Channel as well. In addition, Tae-gye point is one of the Yang-Returning Nine points. We were trying to study bibliographically on the Tae-gye point because Tae-gye point can be used very broadly across the symptoms in the theoretical aspect described above. As a results, we found out that according to the classical books of acupuncture, Tae-gye point is entering point of the Meridian Water as a source point and can be used at both Kidney-Sufficient Syndrom and Kidney-Deficient Syndrom. And Tae-gye can be applied to the disease of kidney or bladder that is urogenital symtoms. Also, Tae-gye is an useful option of tooth-ache, asthma, indigestion, constipation, edema etc whose cause is related with decrease of Kidney ki.

In the present study, we aimed to consider the name of twelve main Meridian in order to understand the concept of the Meridian system and to applicate acupuncture theory in the clinical field properly and fundamentally. We referred to several literatures on the matter and we found out that the name of present twelve Meridian was not settled until the period of Yellow Emperor's Classic. In the time of Yellow Emperor's Classic, the two theory of Internal Organ and Meridian system were combined and added new theory of ‘WoonGi'. The general rule of combination is that the component of name of Meridian consist of 'Hand' or 'Foot' , 'three Eum and Yang' and internal organ. The internal organ coupled with the root ki or middle ki of 'three Eum and Yang' and the 'Hand' or 'Foot' depend on the location of internal organ that belongs to meridian. The name of Twelve Meridian is a kind of system formed to analyze the two concepts organically and dynamically. One is material internal organ and the other is immaterial meridian system.

This study was designed to investigate the location of Sin-Guel(CV8, 神闕) through literature research. We extracted the part about the location of Sin-Guel(CV8, 神闕) from ancient and modern oriental medical literature which were used commonly in clinic. The results were summarized as follows; 1. The location of Sin-Guel(CV8, 神闕) were generally recorded DangJeJung. 2. Sin-Guel(CV8, 神闕) placed in middle of linea alba. 3. Treatment effect of moxibustion on Sin-Guel(CV8, 神闕) were recorded as diarrhea, dropsy, prolapse of the anus, stomachache, paralysis etc.. 4. Acupuncture therapy on Sin-Guel(CV8, 神闕) is dangerous because of inflammation, it is suggested that acupuncture therapy may be possible if acupuncture therapy do not induce inflammation on Sin-Guel(CV8, 神闕).

There are exits bibliographically interrelations among Meridian-Qi, electricity and magnetism. However, it is difficult to provide one dimensional reductionism such a thought that nervous system is meridian system and their function is involved directly to Meridian-Qi, because many unkwon factors are conducted to the function of organism. Furthermore, it's in need of a detail study to understand the characteristics of common feature and difference among Meridian-Qi, electricity and magnetism in the organism.

Many publications of pointology have been conflicted to define fixed positions of acu-points. These underlying cause results from the historical fact that most of acu-points and meridian systems began at anonymous experiences of many generations. However, if we would believe that the acupoints and meridian systems exit clearly in all of the organism, there were exit the fixed position of acupoints. In this study, we performed bibliographically the investigation fixing the position of CV16. From the investigation, although supported that it exit 1.6 chon (寸) below CV17 in human being, we suggest that CV16 exit below the sternum met with the 7th rib, or the joined point between the sternum and the xiphoid process.

It is said that Dimentia is the state results in obstacle for work or social activity by decreased brain function. This study examined the causes, mechanisms, symptoms and theraphy for dimentia by comparing with references of Oriental & Westren medicine.

There are Governor Vessel(督脈), Conception Vessel(任脈), Thoroughfare Vessel(衝脈), Belt Vessel(帶脈), YIN Heel Vessel(陰蹻脈), Yang Heel Vessel(陽蹻脈), Yin Link Vessel(陰維脈) and Yang Link Vessel(陽維脈) in the category of the Eight Extra Channels. They keep the equilibrium state by controlling the unbalance between qi and blood(氣血), Yin and Yang(陰陽), and irrigate the Twelve Regular meridians(十二經脈). They are independent of the Twelve Regular meridians(channels) in running(流注), and, therefore, have their own running, and symptoms of disease. We have bibliographically studied the running, cross points, and symptoms of the Eight Extra meridians, and described the results as figures. By this study, we could confirm that the Eight Extra meridians have their own running, and symptoms of disease. We'll have to study further the application of this conclusion and the correlation between the Extra meridians(奇經) and the Regular meridians(正經).

We investigated skin thermal changes after acupuncture stimulation for Meridian mechanism. So non-acupuncture group, acupuncture at left LI4 and acupuncture at left, right acupuncture group were observated in 0 min, 5 min and 10 min. And results was acupuncture group of left LI4 was increased in 0 min, 5 min and 10 min significantly. We proposed that increasing thermal changes was caused by Meridan and Gi reaction.