Across the culture of Western Europe, dichotomy based on the visual sense has evolved. They believed eyes and ears requiring a distance related in recognition, are more developed than any other human senses in human body. Dominant position, as a condition to using a perspective, the eye has been just concentrated in the development of optical sight. But developed a variety of modern media, highlighting the importance of the other perception, it makes dichotomy to the expansion of perception over the single function of visuality. Recently, Guille Deleuze and Merleau-Ponty try to recover the sense of tactility segregated in skin from body keeping eyes for distance. By the result, the activity can be happened by being connected to the body rather than to eye in the space between the subject and object. From the phase of recognition where the human body tries to identify the object in the space considering a time, it will be changed for the subject to the phase of structure vice versa. Visual tactility is to eliminate the distance between subject and object. If the visual tactility is to erase the distance different from the visual in dichotomy, it will be occurred to having a tension and makes new relationship to work trying to move the subjective point of view in object. Like this evidence in analysis of architecture, it can be easy to find the Korean architecture rather than western architecture in terms of emphasizing the time and space. The fact, architecture of Lee Dynasty had been preserved and consisted basic form and style over the centuries makes us assume that visual tactility was considered as well as the visual sense. This study will be intensive in terms of visual and tactile inherent in the subject and how it is being connected to the movement in the space and time.

시각과 청각으로 표현된 디지털 콘텐츠가 감각표현을 확장하려는 연구가 활발하다. 최근에는 촉각 표현이 가능한 다양한 촉각 표현 시스템이 개발하여 촉감을 표현하는 디지털 콘텐츠 개발하고 있다. 하드웨어에 의한 촉감각 표현시 다른 감각과의 동기화가 중요한 표현 요소로 대두되고 있다. 본 연구는 햅틱(haptic)표현이 다른 감각에 비해 표현 지연 발생할 경우 실감도에 미치는 영향에 관한 것이다. 시각 및 햅틱 지연 시간을 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0(초)로 설정하여 각 지연에 대한 실감도 평가를 실시하여 선형 회귀 분석하였다. 촉각 지연 보다 시각 지연에서 실감도와 상관성을 보였으며 지연 시간이 길어질수록 실감도가 떨어지는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 그러므로 사용자는 촉감 표현에 대한 지연이 시각 지연 보다 관대한 것으로 사료된다.

Physical therapists have been using biofeedback training to induce improvements in various circumstances. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of visual and tactile feedback using electrical stimulation on quadriceps strength. Nineteen women without known impairment of the neuromusculoskeletal system volunteered for this study. Subjects were randomly allocated into three groups: visual feedback, tactile feedback, and control group. The torque of isometric knee extension force was measured. Subjects were asked to exert the maximal isometric contraction force of quadriceps over a 30 second period. The resting period of 10 minutes was given after the maximal isometric contraction to avoid the muscle fatigue. In between groups comparison, significant differences of the peak torque and the torque area were found on the performance of the maximal isometric contraction of quadriceps (p<.05). The values peak of torque and torque area were significantly higher during visual feedback than tactile feedback. The results of this study suggest that visual feedback is more powerful than tactile feedback (p<.01).

주거공간을 자신만의 개성 있는 공간으로 표현하고 감성적 경험을 느끼고자 하는 소비자의 욕구가 강해지면서 실내마감재의 디자인은 더욱 다양화, 고급화되어가고 있다. 감성은 외부자극을 인지하고 평가하는 과정에서 발생될 수 있으며, 실내마감재의 촉각적ㆍ시각적 질감은 거주자들에게 다양한 감성경험을 제공한다. 이에, 실내마감재 촉각 연구의 기초적 자료를 제공하고자 하는 목적으로 본 연구에서는 실내마감재 개발전문가들을 대상으로 촉감에 대한 인식과 평가방법을 조사하였으며, 12종의 실내마감재 샘플을 가지고 촉각 및 시촉각 평가실험을 하였다. 연구결과, 실내마감재의 촉감을 평가 하는 방법은 촉각 감각 뿐 아니라 청각, 시각 감각을 동원하여 판단하는 통합적 공감각을 사용하고 있음을 알 수 있다. ‘거칠기’, ‘매끄럽기’, ‘경도감’, ‘온도감’이 촉감평가어휘로 도출되었으며, 촉각(A) 평가와 시촉각(B) 평가값을 비교한 결과, ‘온도감’, ‘경도감’, ‘거칠기’ 항목에서 시촉각(B) 평가가 촉각(A) 평가에 비해 다소 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 촉감 요소간 상관관계 분석은 ‘거칠기와 매끄럽기’, ‘매끄럽기와 경도감’, ‘경도감과 온도감’ 3가지 항목에서 부적 상관관계를 보이고 있다.

This paper describes a flexible visuo-haptic display module. We have developed a flexible electro-active polymer (EAP) actuator and a thin flexible visual display with 3×3 array configuration via polymer technology. The flexible actuator consists of nine EAP cells vertically moving in response to change in their thickness. The flexible display uses polymer based optical waveguide allowing light to scatter only at specific area. The display film is transparent and identically designed to the array pattern to fit for the arrangement of actuator cells. A pressure sensor is installed under the integrated module. The performance of the actuator is proved to be sufficient for satisfying perceivable range of human touch sense. The integrated system can provide interactive haptic feedback such as key pressing, contact vibration sensations, and etc. in accordance with user input.