In recent decades, there has been a tendency to frame language abilities as a set of technical skills that can be defined, quantified, measured, predicted and ultimately controlled. Language Policy and Planning (LPP), which is commodified, over-rationalized, technologized, and monolingually driven, has led to the current conventions of developing curriculum, materials, and tests of language learning in multicultural education. The purpose of this study is to examine the neoliberal (dominant) and alternative discourses on the LPP in Korean linguistic societies. It was firstly discussed that the neoliberal discourses have been ideologically embedded with economism, rationalism, technocentrism, and neoliberalism. Then the alternative discourses were explored through relevant literature in lingua franca, ecological linguistic environment, metrolingualism, and translingual practice. It was argued that neoliberally driven LPP restricts the use of different languages other than Korean-only or English-only, and, therefore, discriminate lingua franca users, metrolingual, ecolinguals, and translinguals. Following the critical views on the current LPP, further research issues regarding postcolonial translingualism, critical discourse analysis, poststructuralism, language-as-resource ideologies were suggested. As the neoliberal approach to LPP has become a common phenomenon, the meaningfulness should be seriously questioned in fast-approaching multicultural contexts of communication in Korea.

The fee system on spectrum usage is a usage fee that is charged for using spectrum provided by a wireless tower, and is used for management and promotion of the waves. The current fee system for spectrum usage in South Korea has faced many problems, such

해양사고는 맡은 원인이 서로 복잡하게 상호작용을 하여 발생하고 있다. 이러한 해양사고의 분석은 선박의 안전 운항상의 측면에서 매우 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 시스템다이내믹스법을 이용하여 해양사고 원인과 개선책에 대한 모델을 구축하고, 요소의 개선에 대한 효과를 분석하고자 한다. 본 연구의 수행을 위해 해양사고 원인과 개선책의 요소를 브레인스토밍법에 의해 추출하고, 인과지도상의 정량적, 정성적, 피드백루프로 변환하였다. 그리고 표준모델과 4가지 정책모델에 대해 23년간(1997-2020) 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다.

The term corrections is almost idendified with punishing. Especially the term is relatively new. Prior to the 1950s, the term penal system and penology were largely commented. These term usually pointed out the punishment focus placed on those convicted of crimes. It was not until 1954 that the American Prison Association changed its name to the American Correctional Association, what reflected a basic shift in the philosophy of correcting deviant and lawbreaker. In the historical overview of corrections and the criminal justice system, society has dealt with lawbreakers in a multitude of ways and has emphasized different goals and diverse methods to accomplish those goals. On those ways, we cannot overestimate the virtue of consciousness of sin and criminal`s will of reintegrating itself into the lawabiding society. The punishment and the intermediate sanctions should be proactive and focused on the needs of criminals and society itself. Crimianl should and can be changed to go back into the stream of society through awakening the consciousness of criminal culpability of convicted and inspiring wilfulness of being lawabiding citizens. The most appropriate way of corrections is based upon theoretical consideration, how society view criminals, how society treat criminals.

This article deals with the multiple alternative proposal of Venture Business policy. when Decision makers meet a very complex and important business to take a good choice. It might not be easy that we make a decision and accept the decision as an exact result of analysis at a complication and uncertain situation. This is the reason why the original research use Statistical Survey method and Visual Decision Making Process(VDMP) to improve decision analysis method. Therefore, Our research suggests that the VDMP utilized in the strategic decision making situation as a group decision adding tool, can be applied in the development of a process vision and implementation plan. as a result, researcher describe step by step the process of VDMP