PURPOSES : The purpose of this study was to reduce greenhouse gases and prevent potholes on roads by evaluating the performances of hot and warm mixed asphalt mixtures. METHODS : Quality tests were conducted using an appropriate aggregate ratio of the asphalt mixture. The tests for comparing the warm mixed asphalt mixture are the indirect tensile strength and toughness, Marshall stability and flow, tensile strength ratio, and dynamic immersion test. A performance evaluation was conducted using a mixture that satisfied the quality test results. A performance evaluation test was also conducted using the dynamic modulus and Hamburg wheel tracking test. To analyze the performance based on the amine content, the performance was compared with that of a hot mixed asphalt mixture. RESULTS : All tests for the mixture results satisfied the standard values. The optimal amine content was analyzed through the high and low frequencies of the dynamic modulus test results and stripping inflection point with the final rut depth of the Hamburg wheel tracking test. The dynamic modulus test results demonstrated better crack resistance and plastic deformation when a high amine content ratio was used. The Hamburg wheel-tracking test showed water resistance and plastic deformation resistance. The test results of the Hamburg wheel tracking indicated better deformation resistance and water resistance when a high amine content ratio was used. CONCLUSIONS : The plastic deformation and crack resistance increased with an increase in amine content. Analysis of the comprehensive test revealed that the optimal amine content was between that of additives B(50%) and C(65%). Tests with a granular amine content are planned to confirm the specific components. Also planned are a simplified viscoelastic continuum damage test and a semicircular bending test to evaluate the performance better.

PURPOSES : This study is to develop a method to evaluate lubrication of asphalt binder using WMA additives and compare their lubrication effects on two types of WMA additives and three types of asphalt film thicknesses. METHODS : This study is based on laboratory experiments and rheological analysis of the experimental results. Testing materials are aggregate diskes, asphalt, and WMA additives. The main testing method is stress sweep test by using dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). RESULTS : Sasobit gives more lubrication effects on film thicknesses 0.2mm and under but LEADCAP does on film thicknesses over 0.3mm. CONCLUSIONS : LVE-Limit is a better parameter to discern the lubrication effects on the thin film asphalt thickness. Both Sasobit and LEADCAP WMA additives provide effective lubrication at the compaction temperature.

국토해양부의 ‘저탄소 중온 아스팔트 포장 생산 및 시공 잠정지침’(국토해양부, 2010)을 지침으로 확정 하는 기준에서 중온화 첨가제의 사용기준이 중량을 계량할 수 있는 자동식 투입장비를 사용하도록 제정되고 있다. 현재의 비닐백을 사용한 인력투입 방식은 중온화 첨가제의 계량, 투입에 과다 인력이 소요되고, 투입 중의 잘못으로 생산이 불균일하게 될 수 있다. 따라서, 가열 아스팔트 포장의 대체를 위해서 중온화 첨가제의 자동화 투입이 필수적이다. 이에 따라 중온화 첨가제 투입중량의 자동기록이 가능한 자동 투입장비를 제작하여 현장 적용하였다. 투입장비는 그림 1과 같이 모듈 1과 모듈 2로 나뉘어지며, 1차저장소, 슈트, 운송장치, 사이클론, 2차저장조, 계량조 등으로 이루어진다. 모듈 1은 1차 저장소, 슈트, Blower, 유출구, 연결호스, 컨트롤 패널을 한 개의 모듈로 묶어 이동 및 설 치가 용이 하도록 하였으며, 1차 저장소의 중온화 첨가제가 슈트를 통해 블로워의 바람으로 플랜트로 압 송되도록 되어 있다. 모듈 2는 사이클론, 2차 저장조, 계량조 순서로 일체화된 박스로 제작되었으며, 플 랜트의 믹서 윗 층에 위치한다. 1차 저장소에서 압송된 중온화 첨가제가 사이클론 방식으로 2차 저장소에 모아지며, 이동식 컨트롤 패널 또는 플랜트 오퍼레이팅실에서 입력한 중량으로 계량된다. 계량은 로드셀을 이용하여 계량조 하단부의 믹서로 연결되는 부분에 자동 개폐 밸브 설치하였다. 2차 저장조에 중온화 첨가제의 양이 30% 이하면 자동으로 Roots Blower 를 가동하여 90% 까지 중온화 첨가제를 채운다. 부산시 아스팔트 플랜트에 적용한 결과 계량이 원활하게 이루어졌으나 1차 저장소 하단 부분에서 중온 화 첨가제의 뭉치는 현상이 발생하여 중온화 첨가제의 형상을 변경하였으며, 유출구의 크기를 크게 증가 시켰다. 또한, 중온화 첨가제가 500kg 이상이 저장될 경우 여름철에 막히는 현상이 일시적으로 발생하는 경우가 있어 1차 저장소에 부분적인 압밀을 방지하기 위한 설비를 보완하고 있다. 중온화 첨가제는 아스팔트 함량의 1.5%가 사용되므로 계량의 정밀도가 중요하며, 현재의 시스템은 목 표하는 정밀도을 유지할 수 있는 적합한 방식인 것을 확인하였으며, 중온화 첨가제가 지속적인 열과 압력에 노출되어 뭉치는 원인을 현장 적용을 통해 해결하고 있으며, 이에 따라 건식 첨가제의 투입을 위한 표준 방식으로 제공할 수 있을 것으로 판단한다.

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to evaluate of field application and laboratory performance of warm-mix asphalt (WMA) according to the dosage rate of organic-based WMA additive. METHODS: Three asphalt mixtures, i.e., hot mix asphalt (HMA), WMA with the dosage rate of 1.5%, WMA with the dosage rate of 1.0%, were sampled from the asphalt plant when the field trial project were constructed. With these mixtures, the laboratory testings were performed to evaluate the linear viscoelastic characteristics and the resistance to moisture, rutting and fatigue damage. RESULTS : From the laboratory test results, it was found that the WMA with the reduced dosage rate of additive would be comparable to HMA and WMA with the original dosage rate in terms of the dynamic modulus, tensile strength ratio, rutting resistance. However, the fatigue reisistance of WMA with the reduced dosage rate was slightly worse but it should be noted that the fatigue performance is necessarily predicted by combining the material properties and pavement structure. CONCLUSIONS: Through the field construction and laboratory testings, the dosage rate of organic-based WMA additive could be reduced from 1.5% to 1.0% without the significant decrease of compactability and laboratory performance. The long-term performance of the constructed pavement will be periodically monitored to support the findings from this study.

PURPOSES: The liquid-type chemical warm-mix asphalt (WMA) additive has been developed. This study evaluates the basic properties of the additive and the mechanical properties of WMA asphalt and mixture manufactured by using the newly developed chemical additive. METHODS: First, the newly developed WMA additive was applied to the original asphalt by various composition of additive components and dosage ratio of additive. These WMA asphalt binders were evaluated in terms of penetration, softening point, rotational viscosity, and PG grade. Based on the binder test results, one best candidate was chosen to apply to the mixture and then the mechanical properties of WMA mixture were evaluated for moisture susceptibility, dynamic modulus, and rutting and fatigue resistance. RESULTS : According to the binder test, WMA asphalt binders showed the similar properties to the original asphalt binder except the penetraion index of WMA additive was a little higher than original binder. From the Superpave mix design, the optimum asphalt content and volumetric properties of WMA mixture were almost the same with those of hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixture even though the production and compaction temperatures were 30℃ lower for the WMA mixture. From the first set of performance evaluation, it was found that the WMA mixture would have some problem in moisture susceptibility. The additive was modified to improve the resistance to moisture and the second set of performance evaluation showed that the WMA mixture with modified chemical additive would have the similar performance to HMA mixture. CONCLUSIONS : Based on the various laboratory tests, it was concluded that the newly developed chemical WMA additve could be successfully used to produce the WMA mixture with the comparable performance to the HMA mixture. These laboratory evaluations should be confirmed by applying this additive to the field and monitoring the long-term performance of the pavement, which are scheduled in the near future.

PURPOSES : The main purposes of this study are to examine the influences of polyethylene wax-based WMA additive on the optimum asphalt content of warm-recycled asphalt mixture based on the Marshall mix design and to evaluate performance of warm-recycled asphalt mixture containing 30% RAP with polyethylene wax-based WMA additive. METHODS: Physical and rheological properties of the residual asphalt were evaluated in terms of penetration, softening point, ductility and performance grade (PG) in order to examine the effects of polyethylene wax-based WMA additive on the residual asphalt. Also, To evaluate performance characteristics of the warm-recycled asphalt mixtures using polyethylene wax-based WMA additive along with a control hot-recycled asphalt mixture, indirect tensile strength test, modified Lottman test, dynamic immersion test, wheel tracking test and dynamic modulus test were conduced in the laboratory. RESULTS : Based on the limited laboratory test results, polyethylene wax-based WMA additive is effective to decrease mixing and compacting temperatures without compromising the volumetric characteristics of warm-recycled asphalt mixtures compared to hot-recycled asphalt mixture. Also, it doesn't affect the optimum asphalt content on recycled-asphalt mixture. All performance test results show that the performance of warm-recycled asphalt mixture using polyethylene wax-based WMA additive is similar to that of a control hot-recycled asphalt mixture. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the performance of warm-recycled asphalt mixture using polyethylene wax-based WMA additive is comparable to hot-recycled asphalt mixture.

PURPOSES : This study is to develop a method to evaluate the compaction effects of asphalt binders using WMA additives and compare their compaction effects on two types of WMA additives, two types of testing temperatures, and three types of asphalt film thicknesses. METHODS : This study is based on laboratory experiments and rheological analysis of the experimental results. Testing materials are aggregate disks, asphalt, and WMA additives. The main testing method is the stress sweep test by using dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). In addition, the testing parameters obtained from the stress sweep results to evaluate lubrication effects are complex modulus and LVE-Limit. RESULTS : At both the first compaction condition (110℃, 0.3mm) and second compaction condition (80℃, 0.2mm) assumed, LEADCAP showed better compaction effects than Sasobit. CONCLUSIONS : The temperature 30℃ lower than general compaction temperatures can provide a better sensitivity for the evaluation of compaction effects. If a testing temperature and film thickness are grouped for the proper compaction conditions in the testing results, the compaction performance of each WMA additive can be more clearly discriminated in the grouped testing results matched with the grouped conditions.

본 연구의 목적은 중온화 첨가제(LEADCAP®)를 사용한 중온 아스팔트 바인더의 노화 방법에 따른 물성 변화 특성을 평가하고자 하였다. 아스팔트 바인더의 노화 거동을 모사하기 위해 단기노화인 RFTO를 실시하였으며, 햇빛에 의한 자연 노화 거동을 알아보기 위해 자외선 경화기를 이용하여 자외선에 의한 열화거동을 모사하였다. 이러한 열화 중온 아스팔트 바인더의 역학적인 물성과 유변동학적인 특성을 시험하기 위해서 만능시험기(UTM)과 동적전단유동기를 이용하여 직접인장력과 유변동학적인 거동을 평가하였다. 또한, 열분석 장비를 이용하여 온도에 따른 중온 아스팔트 바인더의 특성을 평가하여, 자외선 노출에 따른 열화가 발생하여도 온도에 따른 물성 변화가 많이 발생하지 않음을 발견하였다. 70℃에서 중온화 첨가제가 첨가한 단기노화 중온 아스팔트 바인더의 경우, PG 등급에서의 고온 등급의 기준값을 만족함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 저온에서 중온 아스팔트 바인더의 인장 특성을 평가한 결과, 인장강도 향상과 함께 인장력이 증가됨을 알 수 있었다.