근현대 시기, 한국에서는 많은 양의 한문 시가(詩歌) 총집(總集)이 출판되었다. 그 러나 한문 시가 총집은 일제강점기에 들어서며 많이 유실되었는데, 조소앙(趙素昻)은 한국의 문헌들을 보존하기 위해 시대별 시가 작품을 수록한 한국문원(韓國文苑)을 편찬하였다. 일제강점기에 그가 적극적으로 저작 활동을 한 것은 당시 식민 지배를 받던 상황 속 저항적 행위라 할 수 있었고, 그에 의해 편찬된 문헌들은 현재까지 계 승되어 그 가치를 인정받고 있다. 주지할 것은 조소앙의 한국문원에 수록된 시들 이 시대순으로 작품을 수록한 것 외에는, 어떠한 규율도 발견할 수 없고, 작품을 창j avascript:void(0);작한 저자의 출생, 사망 연도와 같은 정보들 또한, 규칙 없이 나열 되어 있다는 점이다. 이것은 한국문원이 집필될 당시 저자의 의도가 주로 선조들의 작품을 보존하는 데에 초점이 맞추어져 있었기 때문이었다. 이에 이 글은 조소앙 의 저작 한국문원을 중심으로, 조소앙이 저작을 편찬하려 했던 의도와 그의 편찬 방식, 작품의 출처, 작가의 관점 등을 분석하고자 하였다. 한편, 근현대 시기 한국 한 시 작품을 정리한 조소앙의 저서를 분석하는 것은 과거 일제강점기라는 역사적 상흔 을 입었던 한국이 과거 문학작품들을 보존하려 했던 방식을 알 수 있게 한다. 이것 은 문인들이 강압적 권력에 저항했던 역사를 반추하게 하고, 한국의 문화적 유산을 복구하는 과정이기에 중요한 지점이라 할 수 있다.

The ‘Japanese Useful Fisheries Classification Table’, published in advance before the publication of the “Useful Fisheries of Japan”, is the first data to classify and introduce fisheries animals and plants in a single table. Therefore, it had received public attention immediately. However, The academy of animal studies at that time quickly pointed out that this classification table was a mixture of traditional and modern classifications, and that there were too many errors. However, Yoshio Tanaka, who was in charge of revising Yamamoto Arikatana, that wrote the classification table, was not an adherent of traditional taxonomy, nor was he ignorant of modern taxonomy. Nevertheless, the classification table, which was quite different from the well-known zoological classification at that time, was prepared. For example, the top classifications of marine organism are not at the same level, but rather a mixture of phylum and class, while the water insect contains several phylums, including Arthropoda, Echinodermata, Mollusca, and Coelenterata. As such, the method of classification of animals in the classification table was hard to understand in the zoological academy at that time. The reason for this unusual taxonomy was that the classification table showed classification of useful fisheries products, not intended to convey academic classification. In other words, it is not for the purpose of academic classification of all fishery products, but for the purpose of presenting standards that can be easily understood by those engaged in the collection, manufacture, and aquaculture of fishery products. This principle of ‘Useful Fisheries of Japan’ is also ascertained in the “Fishing Methods of Japan” and “Fishery Products of Japan”. Regarding the collection and processing of marine products, it could have shown how to catch whales, which are mammals, and how to dismantle whales and obtain oil and meat, according to academic classifications. However, the first appearances in the book include dried squid, abalone, shark fins, and sea cucumbers. In other words, the most important fishery products at that time are presented first. The contents of the classification table, which is considered somewhat bizarre, show where the purpose to compile Useful Fisheries of Japan.

Vietnam is a multi-ethnic country with many cultures, languages, and forms of texts that coexist independently and interactively. Among the Vietnamese ethnic minorities is the Tay, the most primarily populated one. Before the use of the Latinized script, the Tay people used to use Nom which is made up of the graphic, phonetic and semantic elements of Han characters. Currently, the cultural source of the Tay is one of the most precious cultural heritages of Vietnam. If we want to decode, research, explore and promote the values of this heritage, it is impossible not to have a good set of reference books, which are Nom-Tay (word-based and character-based) dictionaries. It is undeniable that the compilation of Tay-language dictionaries and texts has attracted interest, and been in implementation for about half a century, thanks especially to the government, research institutions, and generations of Vietnamese scholars. However, the achievements have not met the needs and utilization potential of the explored materials. With the extremely abundant resources of ancient Nom-Tay texts, with the proper attention and investment of the state and investment funds, and with researchers’ enthusiasm, the compilation of the Nom-Tay (word-based and character-based) dictionaries will, to be sure, attain remarkable achievements.

이 논문은 한국불교 수륙재 의문의 편찬에 대한 견해를 살펴본 것으로, 그 가운데 서울시무형문화제 제43호 경제소리전승보존회와 경제어 산연구소에서 편찬한 ‘경산본(京山本)’ 수륙의문 편찬의 특징 등을 살펴 본 글이다. 경산본 수륙의문에는 여섯 가지 특징이 있음을 밝혀냈다. 먼저 수륙 의문 편찬의 기미를 살펴보았고, 국내외에서 역사상 일어난 수륙의문 편찬 역사의 대강을 둘러보았으며, 경산본 수륙의문에는 의문을 짓기 위해 전거 자료를 통해 그 견해를 수용하는 모습을 보여주고 있고, 의문의 법식이 어떻게 되어야 하는가를 위주로 해서 전승의 형태를 따라 술이부작(述而不作)의 정신을 구현하고 있었다. 편찬의 의미를 위해서 주석과 해석을 달아 편찬하고 있고, 그와 같은 관점을 가지고 편찬하였 지만, 여전히 미완의 과제가 존재하고 있음을 볼 수 있다. 바람직한 수륙재 의문 편찬에는 대략 네 가지 정도를 참고해야 될 것으로 보였다. 의례의 형식을 살펴서 의문을 편찬해야 하고, 향후 바람 직한 수륙의문 편찬을 위해서는 열린 사고를 견지해야 하며, 의문의 우리말화가 능사만이 아니며, 의문과 설단의 일치를 추구해야 한다.

The aim of this study is to overview what changes happened on the maritime field during the early Meiji period, how the compilation of ‘Japan Fisheries’ linked to the changes, and when the ‘Japan Fisheries’ was launched, completed and published. The trilogy of Japan Fishing Method, Japan Fishery Products, and Japan’s Useful Marine Products are called “Japan’s Fishery.” These were completed in 1895 for almost ten years since the compilation project was launched in 1886 at the Agricultural and Commercial Ministry. Japan Fishing Method selected, improved and recorded excellent fishing and fishing methods in various Japanese regions at that time whereas Japan Fisheries Products chose excellent fish products from various methods of manufacturing and recorded the enactment and sale of fishery products. Japan’s Useful Marine Products is not currently passed on, so it is not known what kind of useful marine products are recorded. However, it can be assumed that the classification method of the “Japanese Fishing Classification Table” published in 1889 was based on the Japan Fishing Index. The cited texts in Japan Fisheries Products are up to 55 documents, including Engisiki and Wakansanzaizukai’s “Report of the Great Japan Fishery Association,” “Ariticle of the Fisheries Fair,” “The Western Fishery Manufacturing Technique” and “Trade Situation with China.” Completed with extensive research from old books to the latest fishery information, “Japan’s Fishery” is Japan’s best “Marine Products Encyclopedia” at the time. It is also a valuable literature that can trace fishing and fishing techniques and methods of manufacturing marine products in each Japanese fishing village before the end of the nineteenth century.

Chinese characters is a cultural phenomenon, so the first thing to study the relationship between Chinese characters and its cultural background. If you want to comprehensive investigation the Chinese characters, will study the following five topics: one is the Chinese characters and Chinese, Chinese characters and culture, the three Chinese characters and nature, the four Chinese characters and economy, five Chinese characters and society. From the perspective of the Han Chinese, cultural system, cultural ecology, research Chinese characters mainly has two aspects: One is to study the specific Chinese characters; Two is to study some theoretical issues of Chinese characters, such as the nature of Chinese characters, the characteristics of Chinese characters, and so on.

The royal astronomical observatory compiled the Astronomical Almanac during the Joseon dynasty, though there were some changes of its organization. However, the observatory underwent sudden changes in the late period mainly due to the influence of historical events such as the Gabo (甲午) and The Eulmi (乙未) Reforms in 1894 and 1895, respectively, and the Japanese invasion in 1910. In this paper, we study the changes of the compilation institution of the Korean Astronomical Almanac and of its organization for the period of 1894 to 1912. During this period, the name of the observatory had been changed several times, from Gwansanggam (觀象監) to Gwansangguk (觀象局) in 1894 and to Gwansangso (觀象所) in 1895. In addition, the affair of the Astronomical Almanac compilation was transferred to the Editorial Bureau [編輯局] of the Ministry of Education [學部] and to the Editing Department [編輯課] of the Governor-General of Korea [朝鮮總督府]. In 1907, the Gwansangso was abolished. Moreover, the affair of timekeeping was separated and the official number of personnel was reduced to less than 5% compared to that of Gwansanggam. Consequently, the royal astronomical observatory was significantly reduced in terms of its functions and the organization through the process of those changes. Therefore, we believe that this period is important when seeking to understand the transition between the traditional Astronomical Almanac of the Joseon dynasty and its modern astronomical counterpart of the present day.

During the Joseon dynasty, the Gwansanggam (觀象監, The Royal Astronomical Observatory) was the royal administration in charge of Astronomy (天文), Geography (地理), Calendars (曆), Astronomical and meteorological observation (測候), and Timekeeping (刻漏). Of those affairs, the Astronomical Almanac compilation was most important. In this paper, we study the education and selection of astronomical officials in the 19th century during the Joseon dynasty, focusing on Astronomical Almanac officials. According to this study, their main area was calendar calculation, and they were involved in Astronomical Almanac compilation for nearly 40 years, until they resigned. In addition, they served as Samryeok-susulgwan (三曆 修述官, Official for calendar calculation by the Shíxiàn calendar), and Ilgwa-gamingwan (日課監印官, Official printing supervisor). To undertake these core duties, an official had to pass several examinations and courses. The Gwansanggam (after Gwansangso) carried out the educational function for the officials. In particular, reserved officials of the astronomy division had to be educated starting with a trainee course.

The core of dictionary compilation model is the using of terms. Such are all subjects to be studied in the process of further research into ancient Chinese Japanese and Korean Character Dictionaries as origin research of compilation terms, comparison between extension and connotation, analysis of signifier and signified and frequency and so on. Because the terms in them involve rich experience with compiling a dictionary and information on using, communication and identification of characters. So they have become rare research material today. Research into compilation terms in ancient Chinese Japanese and Korean Characters Dictionaries from the perspective of the Chinese character cultural circle would provide a solid foundation for studying Chinese modern character history and character communication history.

몽골에서 본격적으로 한국어교육이 시작된 지 이제 20여년의 기간이 지나고 있다. 그동안 몽골에서의 한국어교육은 주로 한국어 교수법 및 교재제작을 위주로 하여 몽골인들에게 제 2외국어로써의 한국어 교과목의 확충과 교재개발에 있어서 적지 않은 성과를 거두고 있는 것으로 사료된다. 한편 이러한 학습교재와는 별도로 특히 주목할 만한 현상으로는 몽골인을 위한 한국어사전 편찬사업을 들 수 있다. 또한 그 중요성에도 불구하고 몽골에서의 한국어 사전편찬 과정에는 상당한 문제점들이 노정되고 있다. 따라서 본고에서는 몽골에서의 한국어 사전편찬 현황 및 문제점에 대하여 논의하여 차후 사전편찬의 개선점과 미비점을 보완하는 계기를 마련하고자 한다.

《羅末麗初金石文》能夠較好反映地當時語言面貌，對漢語言文字學研究來説，是一塊亟需發掘的寶藏.《漢語大詞典》代表了當今漢語詞彙研究的最高水平，但由於書成於衆人之手，所以難免會有一些疏漏.《羅末麗初金石文》對《漢語大詞典》編纂的作用，主要表現在提早書證、補充失收詞條或義項、糾正釋義錯訛、補充用例書證四個方面，本文結合《羅末麗初金石文》，論述了《漢語大詞典》在處理相關詞條時所存在的收列詞條、解釋意義、列舉書證等各方面的問題，希望能為《漢語大詞典》的訂補提供一些有價值的參考.

國語에는 많은 漢字語가 있다. 1957年에 완간된 〈(조선말)큰사전〉에 의하면 固有語(순수한 우리말)는 56,115 單語인 데 비하여 漢字語는 81,362 單語나 된다. 國語辭典에는 "국어(國語)"처럼 標題語 바로 뒤에 괄호 안에 漢子로 表示된다. 그런데 最近에 전 한글학회 辭典編纂員이었던 `한말연구회` 정재도 회장은 그 중 상당수의 單語를 固有語라고 하는 근거 없는 主張을 내어 놓고 있으며, 그의 주장을 믿고 일부 사전에서는 이미 語源 漢字를 없애 버린 것도 있다. 本稿에서는 정재도회장이 固有語라고 주장한 `부실(不實), 남사당패(男寺黨牌), 도배(塗褙), 기별(奇別·寄別), 표(標), 온돌(溫突), 방(房), 공부(工夫), 선물(膳物), 선사(膳賜)`등이 漢字語임을 논증하였다. 이 중에는 古代漢語에서 바로 借用한 것도 있고, 우리나라에서 만들거나, 固有語를 漢譯한 것도 있으나 各 形態素 [morpheme, 쉽게 말해 每個 글자]는 漢語이므로 틀림없는 漢字語다. 정재도씨가 이것들을 모두 漢字語라고 하는 이유는 그가 철저한 조사를 하지 못하여서 그런 것도 있지만 일부는 漢字에 대한 혐오(嫌惡) 등 偏狹한 民族主義 때문에 故意的으로 固有語라고 우긴 것도 있는 것 같다. 漢字語가 많다고 劣等感을 느끼는 것은 잘못된 관념이다. 英語에는 우리말 못지 않게 外來語가 많은데 그 중 대부분이 佛語를 통하여 간접 借用한 라틴어다. 그런데도 영어사전에는 이런 말들의 語源을 상세하고 당당하게 밝히고 있다는 것을 알아야 한다. 우리는 일찍부터 中國과 文化 交流를 하였고 文字가 없을 때 漢字로 文字生活을 하면서도 우리 國語를 완벽하게 지켜 온 우수한 民族이다. 漢字語가 많은 것을 부끄럽게 생각할 필요는 없다. 漢字語는 우리말을 더욱 풍요롭게 만들었다. 時代錯誤的인 劣等感은 버려야 한다.

본고는 한국 내 태국인 한국어 학습자용으로 편찬, 출판된 교 재 분석을 목적으로 한다. 교재 현황을 살핀 결과 1998년부터 2010년 까지 출판된 4권의 교재가 선정되었고 교재의 특징과 내적, 외적 구성 분석의 결과는 태국인 학습자를 위한 교재 연구에 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 기대한다.