한국개신교는 로버트 매클레이(Robert Samuel Maclay, 1824~1907) 감리교 선교사가 한국에 입국하여 고종으로부터 의료와 교육 부문의 개신교 선교를 윤허 받은 1884년 이후 지난 141년 동안 급격한 성장과 발전을 이룩했다. 하지만 개신교의 분열과 갈등은 여전 히 한국개신교가 풀어야 하는 숙제이다. 1885년부터 본격적으로 시작 된 한국개신교 선교 초기에는 감리교와 장로교는 성서번역에 있어서 협력하는 차원에 머물렀지만, 1905년 한국개신교 복음주의 선교 연합 공의회(The General Council of Protestant Evangelical Missions in Korea)를 시작으로 한국 토착적인 하나의 복음주의 교회(one native evangelical church)를 설립하고자 하는 목적을 갖게 되었다. 본 연구에서는 1905년 시작된 개신교 복음주의 선교 연합공의회를 중심으로 내한 선교사들이 한국에 하나의 토착적인 복음주의 교회를 설립하고자 시도했던 배경과 과정, 그리고 이것이 실패한 결정적인 이유를 다루고 있다. 이 논문을 통해 사분오열된 한국 개신교회와 그들이 파송한 각 교단 한인 선교사들이 자신이 있는 자리에서 하나님의 선교(missio Dei)를 위해 진정한 연합을 이룰 수 있는 실천적 대안을 모색하기를 바란다.

The purpose of this study is to discern and describe the different church planting models in the development of the Korean Protestant church. The historical range of this study is from 1885, when the first Protestant missionaries entered Korea, to 1945, when the Japanese colonial rule ended. The Korean Protestant Christians were enthused in evangelizing and establishing churches during political turbulence. They showed seven different models of church planting, even if they did not recognize them back then as we do today through strategic dimensions. During this period, many churches were established by spontaneous evangelism. Since 1903, revivals became a strong catalyst for church planting, stimulating the evangelistic activities of believers. These models revealed the significance of the work of the Holy Spirit and the evangelistic passion of believers in church planting. Furthermore, the Korean Protestant Church used strategic methods to counteract the randomness of spontaneous evangelism. The Holiness Evangelical Church especially focused on dispatching professional evangelists to strategic locations. This method was much useful to some groups despite its difference from the Nevius Plan which emphasized not paying workers' salaries. Many Korean churches were planted by seminary students and largescale evangelism. Some models of church planting by the Korean Church, such as church planting by holistic ministries and hiving off through revivals, can be evaluated as exemplary models in the present. Through holistic methods, some medical missionaries established new churches in their infirmary where they looked after poor patients. This brings to our attention how important incarnational ministry is in local community missions. Many new churches were planted due to revivals resulting in the mother church exceeding maximum capacity. This model is missional in that it rejects egoistic growth of individual churches and values God’s mission.

The plan type of Korean protestant church architecture underwent changes as following five stages according to the changes of the distinction between the sexes. First stage - At the beginning of missionary work in Korea, Koreans generally worshiped in missionary houses which were traditional Korean styles. The plan type of these houses was a simple '-' figure. At that time, men and women worshiped separately because of the idea of the distinction between the sexes. They either worshiped in different places at the same time or in the same place at the different time. Second stage - At this stage, men and women started to worship together in the same place. At the beginning of this stage, men sat in the front of the chapel on a rostrum, and women sat behind the men. The plan type of the chapel was a simple '-' or a rectangular figure. Later, they sat separately on the right and left side. There are the visual interceptions which were set up between them. As the number of church members increased rapidly, a new type of church architecture appeared. It was a 'ㄱ' figure. At that time the entrances were separated by the sexes. Third stage - At this stage, the visual interceptions disappeared as the idea of the distinction between the sexes became weak. As new churches had been constructed by the plan type of rectangular figure, the visual interceptions weren't set up anymore. Fourth stage - At this stage, the separated entrances were unified as one. But the arrangement of their seats didn't change because of the old idea of the distinction between the sexes. Fifth stage - In the final stage, the plan type of the church architecture was not determined by the idea of the distinction between the sexes but social, economical, technological facts and the influence of the foreign architecture. At this stage, new and various kinds of the plan type appeared such as the fan, round, squared, or oval figure as well as the rectangular figure. Men and women were not classified anymore. They started to sit and worship together in the same place. Also, when men and women sat separately from side to side because of the Idea of the distinction between the sexes, men sat on the right and women sat on the left side of rostrum. It didn't applied Confucian ideas but the idea of protestant church; protestant churches have the idea that the right side is more important but it does not in Confucianism.