Nursing ethics, which is an ethical norm of nursing practice, is basic to the professionalism of nurses, and ethical education is important in building the professional virtues. The study aimed to identify the needs of nursing ethics education targeting a group of nursing professionals in South Korea. This study adopted descriptive survey design via online survey. The questionnaire items consisted of the experience of ethical issues and the needs related to the subject of ethics education in nursing. 53 questionnaires were finally analyzed by descriptive statistics and correlation coefficients. The results showed that 40 of the study participants had more than 5 years of total clinical experience(69.8%). 48 of them previously participated in nursing ethics education(90.6%). The most frequently experienced ethical issues were ‘conflicts between colleagues’, ‘protecting of patient rights’ and ‘informed consent’. In relation to nursing ethics education, ‘ethical decision making and moral distress’, ‘shared decision making’ and ‘end-of-life care’ showed high needs for education. Overall, the higher the level of experience on ethical issues, the more educational needs for nursing ethics education(r=.360, p<.01). In addition, satisfaction with previous nursing ethics education was statistically significant positive correlation with the needs for the overall nursing ethics education topic(p.<01). In conclusion, the high level of experience on ethical issues shows the demands for continuity of ethical education and systematic improvement to improve the working environment of clinical nurses, and to meet the needs of nursing ethics education, a venue for discussion and education using case-based method should be provided.

The tasks of writing history is to reconstruct the past in order to understand the present condition and to envision the future. Modern architectural histories in the west have assumed this role, from Winckelmann to Giedion. Likewise, history of Korean modern architecture has to serve this purpose. However, existing histories of Korean modern architecture simply list up stylistic changes from western eclectic architecture to modernism without any historical narratives explaining the transition from Korean traditional architecture to modern architecture. History of Korean modern architecture has simply been understood as a unilateral process of transplantation of western architecture into Korea. This paper points out two major problems underlying this kind of historiography of Korean modern architecture. The one is formalistic approach which sees history of modern architecture mainly as a process of formal and stylistic changes. The other is humanistic approach which sees modern architects as agents of history. This paper argues that this kind of history writings has limitations since modernity of Korean architecture is fundamentally different from that of the west. and that specific tasks that Korean modern architectural history has to address are then two folds;(re)connecting the past architectural tradition to the present and forming self-identity of Korean architecture.

메노나이트 중앙 위원회(MCC)는 1951년에서 1971년까지 한국에서 구제와 교육 사역을 해 왔다. 메노나이트 중앙 위원회는 1920년 조직된 이후 전 세계의 분쟁지역 사람들을 구제하기 시작하였고, 다양한 지역에서 다양한 형태의 구제사역을 펼쳐왔다. 그들이 하는 일은 농업, 물공급, 집 짓기, 보건, 직업 창조, 평화 세우기, 교육 등이다. 이런 활동과 함께 그들은 전 세계의 수많은 다양한 기구들을 파트너로 삼아 지원하고 있다. 그들은 ‘메시야의 평화 선교’ 정책에 기초하여, 인간의 정치적, 경제적, 사회적, 종교적인 모든 차원에 대해 관심을 가져왔다. 메노나이트 중앙 위원회는 한국전쟁 중인 1951년부터 한국과 관계를 시작했다. 휴전 직후인 1953년 7월에는 한국대표부를 대구에 설립하고 경산에 농장을 개발하여 본격적인 활동에 들어갔다. 한국 활동 가운데 대표적인 것 네 가지는, 물자구제 사업, 직업학교, 가족/어린이 지원 프로그램, 전쟁 과부들을 위한 재봉기술 교육 등이다. 메노나이트 중앙 위원회의 사역은 제자도에 기초하여 공동체 안에 평화를 세우는 일이었다. 이 사역의 구체적인 모습이 개인과 가정과 마을과 한 국가에 대한 구제와 개발이고, 구제와 개발이 지향하는 바는 평화인 것이다. 이 구제사역은 곧 평화를 주고 나누고 세우는 사역이었다. 구제사역과 평화사역은 서로 떼어 생각할 수 없는 개념이다. 한국 메노나이트 중앙 위원회는 인간의 정치적, 경제적, 사회적, 종교적 모든 욕구를 포괄하는 선교인 ‘메시야의 평화 선교’에 근거해서 한국전쟁 시기 한국에서 그들의 평화사역을 시작하였다. 진정한 평화는 ‘일용할 양식’과 ‘공동체’가 그 기초이다. 그들은 신앙교육은 하되 교파교육은 시키지 않았다. 그들은 교회를 설립하려는 사람들을 지원했다. 그러나 메노나이트 교회를 세우지 않았다. 그들은 자신들보다 앞서 들어온 한국의 교회들을 존중했고, 한국교회들이 놓치고 있는 부분들을 묵묵히 감당해 주었다. 그들은 한국교회를 섬겨 준 것이다.

This paper claims that particles and endings in Korean should be independent syntactic units from a typological perspective. And through the examination of the grammatical status of particles this paper shows that the concept of ‘nominative case’ and that of syntactic function ‘subject’ have been much entangled in Korean grammar. One of the problems derived from the conceptual entanglement is the so-called ‘predicate clause’. The main objective of this paper is to clarify the origin of the misconception of ‘predicate clause’. This paper uses three diagnoses to verify the misconception of predicate clause. The first one is a diagnosis through ‘do-so test’. The second one is a diagnosis related to ‘equi-subject constraint’. The last one is a diagnosis on the basis of ‘valency’. These diagnoses lead us to the conclusion that the so-called ‘micro subject’ kho-ka ‘nose-Nom’ and holangi-ka ‘tiger-Nom’ in double subject constructions such as Khokkili-nun kho-ka kil-ta ‘Elephants have a long nose’ and Na-nun holangi-ka mwusep-ta ‘I’m afraid of tigers’ is no more subject, but a sort of object and that the real subject is the ‘macro subject’ Khokkili-nun ‘elephant-Top’ and Na-nun ‘I-Top’ in above-mentioned examples.

Six kinds of Korean Modern History’ Authorized Textbook have the fixed places in which the contents of Christianity were described. The Comparison between the tables of them shows the similarity of the large units, th meddle units, and the little units of six textbooks. According, first of all it must be examined that the places of Christianity in textbooks is fitting. The places of Christianity in textbooks were decided according to the editing principles of textbooks and the historical view. All textbooks have the nationalistic historical viewpoint and the immanent development historical viewpoint. Some textbooks have the left-oriented historical viewpoint plus these common features. When the textbooks were written with the nationalistic historical viewpoint and the immanent development historical viewpoint, the modernization and the armed independence movement as the most urgent of modern history tasks have the most important places. So the written contents of korean modern history were comprised with those. Now the debating problem is the cognition about the causes of the modernization. The nationalistic historical viewpoint and the internal development historical viewpoint have the viewpoint that the modernization was progressed by the internal development, but interrupted by the Japan. After that, the national independence was achieved by the armed independence movement and the modernization was progressed. But the Christianity contributes very much the modernizing process of Korea in the modern history. Therefore in the future, the some important roles of Christianity in the korean modernization process must be known and the Christianity should be recognized as the core of modernization. The upright historical viewpoint for the description of modern history has to be established for the recognition of the roles of christianity in the modernizing process. The new historical viewpoint should be comprised with the internal factors and the external factors.

Eun-Ji Lee. 2001. Absolute/Relative Tense and Identification of Tense in Korean Predicative Clause. Studies in Modern Grammar 24, 91-109. In this paper, we examine the tense property of Korean predicative clauses. We show that subordinate clauses, regardless of whether they are nonfinite or finite, derive relative tense interpretation, whereas main clauses, which are all finite, derive absolute tense interpretation. For the case of nonfinite (subordinate) clauses, these clauses are similar to the nonfinite clauses in English. In this case, given no overt tense markers, tense is unspecified and anaphoric, yielding relative tense interpretation. In the case of finite subordinate clauses, where one of (nu)n and e/ass is present, these markers however are not tense, that is, they do not function as tense, but something else (probably aspect). Hence, tense in this case is unspecified and anaphoric, deriving relative tense interpretation. Finally, in the case of main clauses, which are always finite, (nu)n and e/ass are tense markers and function as tense. So, tense is specified, deriving absolute tense interpretation.