In this study, a new model using artificial neural networks is proposed to improve the thickness error between the plates, which occurs when the rolling conditions change a lot during the thick rolling. The model was developed by using Python, and the input values are the change in the finish rolling temperature between the plates, the change in target tensile strength, the change in target thickness, and the change in rolling force. The new model is 31.76% better than the existing model based on the standard deviation value of the thickness error. This result is expected to reduce quality costs when applied to online models at actual production sites in the future.

In this study, two types of thick steel plates are prepared by controlling carbon equivalent and nickel content, and their microstructures are analyzed. Tensile tests, Vickers hardness tests, and Charpy impact tests are conducted to investigate the correlation between microstructure and mechanical properties of the steels. The H steel, which has high carbon equivalent and nickel content, has lower volume fraction of granular bainite (GB) and smaller GB packet size than those of L steel, which has low carbon equivalent and nickel content. However, the volume fraction of secondary phases is higher in the H steel than in the L steel. As a result, the strength of the L steel is higher than that of the H steel, while the Charpy absorbed energy at -40 °C is higher than that of the L steel. The heat affected zone (HAZ) simulated H-H specimen has higher volume fraction of acicular ferrite (AF) and lower volume fraction of GB than the HAZ simulated L-H specimen. In addition, the grain size of AF and the packet sizes of GB and BF are smaller in the H-H specimen than in the L-H specimen. For this reason, the Charpy absorbed energy at -20 °C is higher for the H-H specimen than for the L-H specimen.

In this study, the correlation between microstructure and Charpy impact properties of FCAW(Flux cored arc welding) HAZ(Heat affected zone) of thick steel plates for offshore platforms was investigated. The 1/4 thickness(1/4t) location HAZ specimen had a higher volume fraction of bainite and finer grain size of acicular ferrite than those of the 1/2 thickness (1/2t) location HAZ specimen because of the post heat effect during the continuous FCAW process. The Charpy impact energy at -20 oC of the 1/4t location HAZ specimen was lower than that of the 1/2t location HAZ specimen because of the high volume fraction of coarse bainite. The Charpy impact energy at -40 and -60 oC of the 1/2t location HAZ specimen were higher than those of the 1/2t location HAZ specimen because the ductile fracture occurred in the fine acicular ferrite and martensite regions. In the ductile fracture mode, the deformed regions were observed in fine acicular ferrite and martensite regions. In the brittle fracture mode, long crack propagation path was observed in bainite regions.

In this study, three kinds of bainitic steel plates are manufactured by varying the chemical compositions and their microstructures are analyzed. Tensile and Charpy impact tests are performed at room and low temperature to investigate the correlation between microstructure and mechanical properties. In addition, heat affected zone (HAZ) specimens are fabricated by a simulation of welding processes, and the HAZ microstructure is analyzed. The base steel that has the lowest carbon equivalent has the highest volume fraction of acicular ferrite and the lowest volume fraction of secondary phases, so the strength is the lowest and the elongation is the highest. The Mo steel has a higher volume fraction of granular bainite and more secondary phases than the base steel, so the strength is high and the elongation is low. The CrNi steel has the highest volume fraction of the secondary phases, so the strength is the highest and elongation is the lowest. The tensile properties of the steels, namely, strength and elongation, have a linear correlation with the volume fraction of secondary phases. The Mo steel has the lowest Charpy impact energy at -80 oC because of coarse granular bainite. In the Base-HAZ and Mo-HAZ specimens, the hardness increases as the volume fraction of martensite-austenite constituents increases. In the CrNi-HAZ specimen, however, hardness increases as the volume fraction of martensite and bainitic ferrite increases.

In this work, measured data from thickness gauge behind of the finishing mill stand was used for increasing accuracy of thickness control in plate rolling process. The Automatic Gauge Control (AGC) system of the mill could control roll gap for the remaining rolling passes based on the difference between measured and calculated thickness. This work was possible with some modification in software product system to use measured data without additional installation of equipment. As a result, the accuracy of thickness has been increased up to 31%. The accuracy of thickness control was defined as a standard deviation of the differences between target and measured final thickness of average.

In this study, three kinds of steels are manufactured by varying the rolling conditions, and their microstructures are analyzed. Tensile and Charpy impact tests are performed at room temperature to investigate the correlation between microstructure and mechanical properties. In addition, heat affected zone(HAZ) specimens are fabricated through the simulation of the welding process, and the HAZ microstructure is analyzed. The Charpy impact test of the HAZ specimens is performed at -40 oC to investigate the low temperature HAZ toughness. The main microstructures of steels are quasi-polygonal ferrite and pearlite with fine grains. Because coarse granular bainite forms with an increasing finish rolling temperature, the strength decreases and elongation increases. In the steel with the lowest reduction ratio, coarse granular bainite forms. In the HAZ specimens, fine acicular ferrites are the main features of the microstructure. The volume fraction of coarse bainitic ferrite and granular bainite increases with an increasing finish rolling temperature. The Charpy impact energy at -40 oC decreases with an increasing volume fraction of bainitic ferrite and granular bainite. In the HAZ specimen with the lowest reduction ratio, coarse bainitic ferrite and granular bainite forms and the Charpy impact energy at -40 oC is the lowest.

There is a growing demand for improving the welding quality by reducing the machining error and improving the quality of the machined surface in the beveling for the improvement of the welding groove of the thick plate. For this purpose, it is necessary to develop an automatic beveling machine that adopts a cutting method that replaces the conventional oxygen flame cutting method. In this study, the cutting characteristics according to the machining conditions were evaluated during the face milling applied to the thick plate welding groove. We measured and evaluated cutting force for the machining conditions such as cutting depth, feed rate, chamfer angle, workpiece material, and material of the tool. We expect that this study is used as basic data for designing the stiffness of the spindle, the strength of the fixture and the power of the spindle and the feeding device when designing the automatic beveling machine.

In this study, it is presented analysis results of bending problems in the anisotropic cantilever thick plates and the anisotropic laminated cantilever thin plates bending problems. Finite element method in this analysis was used. Both Kirchoff's assumptions and Mindlin assumptions are used as the basic governing equations of bending problems in the anisothotropic laminated plates. The analysis results are compared between the anisotropic laminated cantilever thick plates and the anisotropic laminated cantilever thin plates for the variations of thickness-width ratios.

본 연구에서는 비등방성 적층 캔틸레버 박판 및 후판의 휨문제에 대한 해석결과를 제시하였다. 수치해석방법으로 는 유한요소법을 사용하였으며, 비등방성 적층 캔틸레버 판의 휨문제에 대한 지배방정식은 Kirchhoff 가정에 의 한 박판이론과 Mindlin 가정에 의한 후판이론을 이용하여 유도하였으며 판의 폭-두께비의 변화에 따른 해석결과 를 비교검토하였다.

본 연구에서는 유한요소법을 이용하여 Pasternak 지반 위에 놓인 보강판의 고유치해석을 수행하였다. 보강판 해석은 Mindlin 판 이론과 Timoshenko 보-기둥 이론을 적용하여 해석하였으며, 유한요소법 적용시 판요소는 8절점 Serendipity 요소계를, 보요소는 3절점 유한요소를 적용하였다. 탄성지반은 지반의 연속성을 고려한 Pasternak 지반으로 모형화하였다. 본 연구의 타당성을 검증하기 위하여 이 연구의 결과를 문헌, 실험 및 SAP 2000의 결과와 비교하였다. 이 연구의 결과로 문헌 해가 존재하지 않는 Pasternak 지반 위에 놓인 보강판의 지반 변수의 변화 및 보강재 크기에 따른 고유진동수를 산정하였다.

The structures with many perforated openings are widely used as a load-carrying element in the fields of civil engineering works, top slab of prestressed concrete reactor vessel, petrochemical industries and the like. Perforated concrete plates are usually thick. Therefore, the effect of transverse shear deformation is not negligible. This paper describes a new analytical method of perforated plates combining both the finite element method for effective elastic constants and the usual method in solving orthotropic plate with transverse shear deformation.

A system of equations is developed for the theory of bending of thick orthotropic elastic plates which takes into account the transverse shear deformability of the plate. This system of equations is of such nature that three boundary conditions can and must be prescribed along the edge of the plate, i.e. ω=0, Mx=0, Mxy=0(ω=O, My=O, Mxy=0) at simple supported edges. It can be obtained general solution that is added complementary solution ωe and paticular solution ωp by an assumption of solution function. In the next paper, this analytical results will be obtained for perforated thick plates.

This paper presents a structural analysis method for moment-rotation capacity evaluation of press-braked steel girders and its application. The material-properties may be affected significantly due to the press-braking manufacture. Since strain-hardening induced by press-braking generally reduces the moment-rotation capacity, such the effects have to be thoroughly reviewed. The effects of the cold-working on the material properties, geometric imperfections and residual stresses were properly included into the analytical modeling. A series of nonlinear analyses were conducted for the Z-section girder models with the SM490 steel plates of 24mm thickness by using the Newton-Raphson method and the modified Riks method provided by the ABAQUS.

본 논문에서는 구조용 후판강재를 절곡하였을 때, 절곡부에서의 파괴인성 변화에 대해 시험적으로 평가한 내용을 제시한다. 강재에 절곡 제작과정에 의한 전변형(prestrain)이 심할수록 변형시효에 의해 파괴인성이 상당히 저감될 수 있는 것으로 알려져 있어, 절곡부재가 구조용으로 활용되기 위해서는 이에 대해 사전에 검토되어야 한다. 이에 따라 본 논문은 금속재료 굽힘 시험 방법에 따라 절곡된 후판부재로부터 시편을 채취한 후 샤르피 V-노치 충격시험을 실시하여 절곡부에서의 파괴인성을 평가하였다. 본 실험에 사용된 강재는 판두께 24mm의 일반 구조용 압연 강재인 SM490이다. 내부 휨 반경-판두께비(ri/t)를 15와 5로 절곡각은 45°와 90°로 하여 각각 시험체를 제작하여 비교연구를 수행하였다. 국내외 설계기준에 의하면 절곡 시 ri/t는 절곡부재의 기계적 성질에 영향을 미치는 중요한 인자로써 제시되어 있다. 따라서, 원판의 파괴인성, 내부 휨 반경-판두께비 등에 따른 절곡 전후의 파괴인성 변화 특성을 살펴보았다. 추후, 인성이 뛰어난 고성능 강재에 대한 추가적인 연구와 비교평가가 이뤄진다면 보다 의미있는 결과를 제시할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

강재 후판을 이용한 구조부재 제작 시에 절곡에 의해 제작하면 후판의 절단 및 용접 과정을 줄일 수 있어 보다 경제적일 수 있지만, 상세한 제작기준이나 검토 방안이 명확히 제시되어 있지 않아 실현되지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 재료의 변형경화로 인해 절곡부의 연신율과 인성이 저하되기 때문에, 절곡에 의한 제작방식은 이러한 영향이 상대적으로 낮은 8mm 이내의 박판에 대해 적용되어 왔다. 국내외 제작기준에서는 냉간 휨가공 시의 절곡내경-판두께비(ri/t)를 제한하고 있으며, 주로 충격인성에 의해 관련 규준들이 제시되고 있다. 절곡 제작된 부재가 휨을 받는 구조부재로써 활용되기 위해서는 충분한 휨연성을 확보하는지 검토되어야 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 절곡 시편에서 표준시험을 통해 획득한 비탄성 응력-변형율 특성을 고려한 3차원 비선형 유한요소 해석을 수행하였다. 판 두께 24mm의 교량 구조용 압연 강재인 HSB500을 절곡내경-판두께비 5로 절곡한 U형 단면 보의 비탄성 휨거동을 해석적으로 평가하였고, 이 때 웨브 높이가 연성거동에 상당한 영향을 주는 것으로 보여진다. 향후 실 구조물 규모의 실험을 통해 검증된 해석적 모형을 이용하여 다양한 단면제원에 대한 성능평가 연구를 효과적으로 수행할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.