This study, based on physical therapy interventions for menstruation disorders, observed the effect of Pilates stabilization exercises and Kinesio taping on dysmenorrhea and prostaglandin F2α levels. Female college students (n=37) who had >70 points on the mood disorder questionnaire (MDQ) and >4 points on the visual analogue scale (VAS) were divided into three different groups, the Pilates group (PG, n= 13), Pilates and Taping group (PTG, n=12), Taping group (TG, n=12). Pilates and taping were performed 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Pre- and post-menstruation difficulties were measured through the MDQ. Changes in blood prostaglandin F2α levels were also measured. Changes in pre- and post-menstrual pain and prostaglandin F2α levels were significantly reduced in the PG, PTG, and TG. Changes in pre- and postmenstrual pain and prostaglandin F2α levels resulted in significant differences in the PTG and TG. Dysmenorrhea and prostaglandin F2α levels were significantly decreased in the TG than in the PTG. These findings suggest that Pilates stabilization exercises and Kinesio taping are effective in decreasing menstrual difficulties and pain in female college students.

In this review, we have tried to summarize the evidence and molecular characterization indicating that 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20α-HSD) is a group of the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) family, and it plays roles in the modulation and regulation of steroid hormones. This enzyme plays a critical role in the regulation of luteal function in female mammals. We have studied the molecular expression and regulation of 20α-HSD in cows, pigs, deer, and monkeys. The specific antibody against bovine 20α-HSD was generated in a rabbit immunized with the purified recombinant protein. The mRNA expression levels increased gradually throughout the estrous cycle, the highest being in the corpus luteum (CL) 1 stage. The mRNA was also specifically detected in the placental and ovarian tissues during pregnancy. The 20α-HSD protein was intensively localized in the large luteal cells and placental cytotrophoblast villus, glandular epithelial cells of the endometrium, syncytiotrophoblast of the placenta, the isthmus cells of the oviduct, and the basal part of the primary chorionic villi and chorionic stem villus of the placenta and large luteal cells of the CL in many mammalian species. Further studies are needed to determine the functional significance of the 20α- HSD molecule during ovulation, pregnancy, and parturition. This article will review how fundamental information of these enzymes can be exploited for a better understanding of the reproductive organs during ovulation and pregnancy.

수소원자는 금속 표면에 흡착하여 해리되고 금속 격자 사이를 이동해 다시 수소분자로 재결합되어 탈착할 수 있으며 이러한 과정으로 수소는 금속을 통해 투과할 수 있다. 특히 수소원자는 팔라듐에서 높은 용해도와 이동도를 보이기 때문에 우수한 수소 투과 특성을 나타낸다. 본 연구에서는 무전해 도금을 이용하여 Pd 금속을 α-Al2O3 중공사 지지체에 증착시켜 SEM&EDS 분석을 통해 Pd 코팅 특성을 확인하였다. 치밀 Pd 층을 확인하기 위한 분리막의 leak 테스트 후 고온 수소투과 실험을 통해 분리막의 수소투과특성을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 “교육부 기본연구(NRF-2017R1D1A1B03036250)”의 지원으로 수행되었습니다.

Rice starch is a natural source of polysaccharides that can be used as a stabilizer, thickener, binder and fat mimetic in various foods. However, untreated starch possesses limited functionality due to its poor water solubility with a densely packed granular structure of amylopectin and amylose chains. Also, it shows weak complexing ability as the only amylose participates in complex formation with a chemical compound. The objective of this study is to improve complexation ability and water solubility of rice starch by 4-α-glucanotransferase (4αGTase) treatment. Complex forming capacity was examined by fully dissolving the 4αGTase-treated rice starch in 90% DMSO by mechanical stirring and mixing with iodine solution with following UV/Vis spectrophotometer measurements. Water solubility of the starch was measured by dissolving in distilled water (5% w/v) with mechanical stirring at 25 °C and 60 °C, and drying the supernatant after centrifugation. The complexing ability of starch was enhanced after the 4αGTase treatment. The absorbance at a peak wavelength increased, as well as the peak wavelength was shifted leftward, indicating that the type of molecules got involved in the complexation was changed. Alteration in the molecule composition and starch composition during the enzyme treatment may be due to disproportionation and cyclization by the 4αGTase. The water solubility (%) of the starch at 25 °C and 60 °C increased by 28-fold with the 4αGTase treatment regardless of the treatment time. The untreated starch showed solubility of 0.15 %, while the solubility of the 4αGTase-treated starch was about 4 - 4.5 % (w/v). It may be due to heat treatment and recrystallization which melted a granular structure and made it easier to be solubilized in water. Moreover, the increased solubility might be attributed to increase in the number of short branched chains and decrease in molecular weight.

In this study, we analyzed signal transduction by equine follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (eFSHR) on stimulation with recombinant eelFSHβ/α (rec-eelFSHβ/α), natural porcine FSH (pFSH), and natural human FSH (hFSH). cAMP stimulation in CHO-K1 cells expressing eFSHR was determined upon exposure to different doses (0-1450 ng/mL) of these hormones. The EC50 value of rec-eelFSHβ/α was 53.35 ng/mL. The Rmax values of rec-eelFSHβ/α and pFSH were 28.12 and 2.88 ng/mL, respectively. The activity of rec-eelFSHβ/α was much higher than that of natural pFSH. However, signal transduction in CHO PathHunter Parental cells expressing eFSHR was not enhanced by stimulation with natural hFSH. Thus, rec-eelFSHβ/α was completely active in cells expressing eFSHR. However, natural hFSH did not invoke a signal response in cells expressing eFSHR. Particularly, natural pFSH was weakly active in the same cells. These results showed that eelFSHβ/α has potent activity in cells expressing eFSHR. Thus, rec-eelFSHβ/α may efficiently bind to eFSHR, where as natural hFSH does not bind to eFSHR.

We investigate the escape of Lyβ from emission nebulae with a significant population of excited hydrogen atoms in the level n = 2, rendering them optically thick in Hα. The transfer of Lyβ line photons in these optically thick regions is complicated by the presence of another scattering channel leading to re-emission of Hα, alternating their identities between Lyβ and Hα. In this work, we develop a Monte Carlo code to simulate the transfer of Lyβ line photons incorporating the scattering channel into Hα. Both Hα and Lyβ lines are formed through diffusion in frequency space, where a line photon enters the wing regime after a fairly large number of resonance scatterings with hydrogen atoms. Various line profiles of Hα and Lyβ emergent from our model nebulae are presented. It is argued that the electron temperature is a critical parameter which controls the flux ratio of emergent Lyβ and Hα. Specifically for T = 3 × 104 K and Hα line center optical depth α = 10, the number flux ratio of emergent Lyβ and Hα is ∼ 49 percent, which is quite significant. We propose that the leaking Lyβ can be an interesting source for the formation of Hα wings observed in many symbiotic stars and active galactic nuclei. Similar broad Hα wings are also expected in Lyα emitting halos found in the early universe, which can be potentially probed by the James Webb Telescope in the future.

수소원자는 금속 표면에 흡착하여 해리되고 금속격자 사이를 이동해 다시 수소분자로 재결합되어 탈착할 수 있으며 이러한 과정으로 수소는 금속을 통해 투과할 수 있다. 특히 수소원자는 팔라듐에서 높은 용해도와 이동도를 보여 우수한 수소투과 특성을 나타낸다. 본 연구에서는 무전해 도금을 이용하여 Pd계 금속을 α-Al2O3 중공사막 지지 체에 증착시켜 수소투과 실험을 진행하였다. Pd을 증착하기 전, Seeding 과정을 통해 지지체에 Pd 핵을 심어 금속의 증착이 용이하도록 하였으며, 중공사막 지지체의 표면 특성에 따른 Pd 증착상태를 확인하였다.

본 연구에서는 올레핀/파라핀 분리용 NaY 제올라이트 분리막을 제조하기 위해서 알루미나 지지체 표면에 종결정을 진공여과법으로 코팅한 후 NaY 수열용 액을 이용하여 90°C-110°C에서 16-24시간 동안 이차성장 시켰다. 이때 올레핀 과 π-결합을 형성하는 Ag+ 이온을 NaY 결정 구조내에 포함된 Na+ 이온과 이 온교환시킴으로써 올레핀/파라핀 선택도와 안정성을 향상시키고자 하였다. 이온 교환된 NaY 제올라이트 분리막의 올레핀/파라핀 분리성능은 C3H6/C3H8= 90/10의 혼합기체를 이용하여 분석한 결과, 700 GPU의 투과도와 1.13의 선택도를 나타내었다. 낮은 선택도는 제조된 분리막에 비제올라이트 기공이 존재하기 때문으로 판단되었으며 향후 비제올라이트기공을 억제하기 위한 연구를 진행할 계획이다.