Dynasty and Japanese colonial period using historical texts and dictionaries. For Mat-bae roofs, component-related terms include Bak-gong, Bak-poong, Poong-pan, and Poong-cha, while Bae-jip refers to the roof as a whole. Bak-gong was more commonly used than its synonym Bak-poong, and its Chinese character representation varied. Poong-pan, derived from Pung-cha, replaced it in the 19th century, while Bae-jip’s use in Joseon-era texts is unclear. For Pal-jak roofs, component terms include Chu-nyeo and Hap-gak, while Paljak refers to the entire roof. Chu-nyeo has both linear and planar meanings and appeared with diverse Chinese character forms and Korean spellings, evolving over time. Hap-gak, synonymous with Heo-ga, became recognized as a native term until the 1940s. Pal-jak, often written as 八雀 in Joseon texts, likely originated from the Korean mimetic word Pal-jjak, reflecting its meaning and sound.

The Nannophya species in Korea was thought to consist of only Nannophya pygmaea. Previous studies on the species, including life history and development, conservation and restoration, habitat characteristics, genetic studies, distribution, behavior, and taxonomy have been conducted. However, a new Nannophya species, Nannophya koreana, was recently discovered in Korea. Moreover, this new species was found to inhabit both Korea and Japan. Thus, the previous studies should be reevaluated in relation to the new species, Nannophya koreana, and the latter should be treated as an endangered species worldwide given the current population instability.

Geum’yeok-dang house in Andong was originally constructed in 1558. The original floor plan of the upper base featured a 90-degree tilted ‘日’ shape, and had inner court(內庭) on each side of ‘Jungdang(中堂, center hall)’ building that was placed on the south-north axis. When designing the building, the Neo-Confucian client of Geum’yeok-dang applied his understanding of how Ga’rye(家禮) defined the structure of ritual space. Consequently, ‘Daecheong(大廳)’, the place where guests were greeted and ancestral rites and coming of age ceremonies for male were held, was built in a protruding fashion. ‘Jungdang’[otherwise known as ‘Jeongchim(正寢)’], where coming of age ceremonies for females were held, the master of the house faced death, and memorials for close ancestors were held, was placed at the center of the residence on the south-north axis. The Geum’yeok-dang today was greatly renovated in the early and mid 18th century, due to the spread of ‘Ondol’ heating system. As the Ondol heating system became popular, the pre-existing drawbacks and the inconvenience of the house stood out clearly. As a result, the house was renovated into today’s structure consisting of ‘口’ shape ‘Anchae’ and ‘Daecheongchae’ in separate building.

With regard to Gung-jung Yeon-hyang(宮中宴享; court banquet), the frequency of banquets that were held at one time beginning Mu-ja J in-jak(戊子進爵; a royal banquet held in 1828) in 1828 (the 28th year of King Sunjo (純祖)'s reign). In proportion to this frequency, there was an increase in the need and importance of Suk-seol-so(熟設所; a kitchen built in temporarily house for court banquet) and Jung-bae-seol-cheong(中排設廳; a temporary place to put offerings) as a space to assist court banquets. Although Suk-seol-so was a temporary but large-scale facility, it was frequently used for long periods. This facility was flexibly established using the variability of Dong-gung(東宮; Palace for Crown Prince) and enhanced the efficiency of censorship and security in conjunction with palace gates and Suk-wi-cheo(宿衛處; guard station, guard room). In addition, it was reused according to the period when the nation and royal family gave finances or banquets. Jung-bae-seol-cheong was established in the place connected to the central space of court banquets and worked as buffer space to resolve the tension on the day of the event. The location where Jung-bae-seol-cheong was established enabled us to confirm the applicability of Bok-do(複道; corridor) connected to Chimjeon(寢殿; royal residence) when holding court banquets. In short, Suk-seol-so and Jung-bae-seol-cheong were auxiliary spaces, but were considered importantly in the palace operation when holding court banquets.

배은희 목사는 대한제국 말기에 기독교로 개종하여 숭덕학교를 운영하다 한일합병당시에 투옥되는 경험을 하였다. 이 투옥의 경험이 그의 독립운동의 씨앗이 되었다. 그는 3.1운동에 가담하였고 1919년 10월에 임시정부를 지원하는 장로교 목회자 중심의 독립운동 조직인 대한국민회에 평의원으로 참여하였다. 그는 1921년부터 전주 서문외교회에서 사역을 하면서 유치원, 숭덕학교, 여성야학을 운영하였고 1927년 전주 신간회 회장을 하였으며, 1929년부터는 독신자선교회와 협동조합운동을 통해 농촌문제를 해결하고자 하였다. 일제가 신사참배를 강요할 때 반대하다 투옥당하기도 하였다. 해방 후 그는 전주에서 임시시국대책위원회와 전주청년단을 조직하여 치안유지활동을 하였다. 그는 12월 28일 이후 반탁운동이 벌어지자 전주를 중심으로 이승만이 조직했던 독립촉성중앙협의회의 지부들을 조직하여 반탁운동에 참여하였고, 1946년 1월 13일에 전북지부를 조직하였다. 전북대표로 활동하며 2월 8일에 독촉국민회가 조직될 때 5명의 고문 아래 있는 18명으로 구성된 참여의 구성원이 되었다. 그는 독촉국민회에 가담한 이후에 이승만의 반탁활동을 적극적으로 지원하였고 1947년 10월에 부회장으로 선출되었다. 그는 1947년 7월에는 이승만의 승인을 받아 민족대표자대회를 조직하였고 김구의 비상국민회의와 통합하고자 노력하였다. 그러나 비상국민회의는 임정의 법통론을 주장하였던 반면에 민족대표자회의는 총선거를 통한 정부수립을 주장하여 통합에 실패하였다. 통합에 난항을 겪자 민족대표자대회와 독촉국민회가 연합하여 총선거를 통한 정부수립을 적극적으로 추진하고 나섰고, 배은희는 총선거 실시를 위한 중심인물로 활동하였다. 배은희는 총선거를 통한 정부수립운동을 추진했던 이승만의 정책에 독촉국민회와 민족대표자대회를 통해 가장 적극적으로 지지했던 목회자였다.