전 세계적으로 기후변화 등의 환경 문제와 자원고갈 문제가 심각해짐에 따라 화석연료의 의존 도를 낮추고 탄소중립을 실현할 수 있는 대체 에너지원 확보가 중요해졌다. 이에 따라 국내 발전분야에서 는 중유를 대체할 수 있는 폐자원 유래 바이오중유를 2014년부터 시범보급하여 2019년 상용화를 시작하였 다. 본 연구에서는 2014년 시범보급 시작부터 2023년까지 상용화 기간을 포함한 10년간 국내에서 발전용 연료로 사용된 바이오중유를 대상으로 원료 수급 데이터 및 연료 품질 모니터링 데이터를 연도별로 분석하 여 주요 품질 특성의 변화를 평가하였다. 시범보급 초기에는 저가 원료의 사용 및 연료 제조기술의 부족 등으로 인화점, 동점도, 황분, 회분, 전산가, 금속분, 질소분, 인함량 등 대부분 품질 항목의 변동성이 컸으 나, 2018년까지 시범보급 기간을 거치며 바이오중유 생산사들의 제조기술 및 발전소의 구매 연료 품질 관 리 체계의 발전 등으로 연료 품질이 빠르게 안정화되었다. 이후 상용화 기간을 포함한 2023년까지 인화점 과 황분 함량은 안정적으로 유지되었고, 동점도, 회분, 유동점, 전산가, 금속분, 인 함량 등은 감소 추세를 나타내었으며, 발열량은 증가 추세를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 10년간 바이오중유의 품질은 시범보급 첫해 를 제외하고 모두 법적인 품질기준을 만족하였고 연료로서의 품질 특성은 안정화되며 개선되고 있는 것으 로 나타났다.

The purpose of this study is to identify bias-adjusted efficiency estimates and the determinants of efficiency in the Marine-Bio industry. Efficiency was estimated using the Bootstrap-DEA model, and efficiency determinants were analyzed by utilizing the dependent variables such as company age, number of employees, location within Marine-Bio clusters, R&D performance, and debt ratio. The efficiency analysis revealed that most of the DMUs belonged to the inefficient group with efficiency values below 0.7. The primary cause of inefficiency was identified as pure technical efficiency, which reflects the effectiveness of input combinations. In the analysis of efficiency determinants, it was found that the number of employees and the debt ratio had a positive (+) effect on efficiency. Conversely, engaging in R&D activities was found to have a negative (-) effect on efficiency.

Bio-efficacies of two different types of fungicides, Diniconazole and Paclobutrazol with their effects as plant g rowth regulators f or Kimchi Cab bage were e valuated o n February 4 to A pril 13, 2024 in Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. The experiment was done during the off-season planting of Kimchi Cabbage in the country. Yield and other horticultural characteristics were observed for seven different groups: group 1, untreated control; group 2, recommended rate of granular fertilizer (RR-G); group 3, recommended rate of granular fertilizer plus recommended rate of Diniconazole; group 4, recommended r ate of D iniconazole (alone); g roup 5 , recommended rate o f Paclob utrazol (RR-PBZ), group 6, RR-G plus RR-PBZ; and group 7, RR-G plus ½ RR-PBZ. Results showed that combination of recommended rate of granular fertilizer plus the full recommendation of Paclobutrazol (group 6) resulted in a significantly higher yield of 64.9 tons/ha than other groups with yields ranging from 23.3 to 55.3 tons/ha. Such significantly higher yield in group 6 was also attributed to the number of leaves produced by plants at the time of harvest. Regarding effects of two chemical treatments, the combination of Diniconazole a nd P aclob utrazol a s recommended granular f ertilizers h elped in t he heading of K imchi Cabbage during hot conditions with an average temperature of 32-35°C from March to April at the heading stage plus a f actor of b eing planted a t a lowland area i n the country. T he a dvantage o f Paclobutrazol aside from yield is its availability in the country as compared to Diniconazole (Binnari).

Because collagen is inherently piezoelectric, research is being actively conducted to utilize it to harvest energy. In this study, a collagen solution was prepared using edible low-molecular-weight peptide collagen powder, and collagen films were fabricated using a dip coating method. The collagen films prepared by dip coating showed a smooth surface without defects such as pinholes or cracks. Dehydrothermal treatment of the collagen films was performed to induce a stable molecular structure through cross-linking. The collagen film subjected to dehydrothermal treatment at 110 °C for 24 h showed a thickness reduction rate of 19 %. Analysis of the collagen films showed that the crystallinity of the collagen film improved by about 7.9 % after dehydrothermal treatment. A collagen film-based piezoelectric nanogenerator showed output characteristics of approximately 13.7 V and 1.4 μA in a pressure test of 120 N. The generator showed a maximum power density of about 2.91 mW/m2 and an output voltage of about 8~19 V during various human body movements such as finger tapping. The collagen film-based piezoelectric generator showed improved output performance with improved crystallinity and piezoelectricity after dehydrothermal treatment.

Islands often have relatively well-preserved ecosystem and an abundance of bioresources with a high conservation value, with unrecorded species continuing to be reported (Hong, 2011). Approximately 1,000,000 species of insect known worldwide (Costello et al., 2012), and 20,710 species are known in Korea (NIBR, 2023). Among these, there are 6,117 species in Korean islands (HNIBR, 2022). Native insect Bio-scan project for Korean islands is to estimate the number of insect species on Korean islands. We attempted to estimate the number of insect species on Korean islands using Barcode Index Number (BIN), and also found unrecorded species. The samples were collected four times from April to July at five locations in the Amtedo, an island located in Shinan-gun Jeollanam-do. We tried to obtain a minimum of one to usually a maximum of four samples per morphospecies to enable DNA barcoding.

This study evaluated the effectiveness of odor reduction when spraying inside the Bio-curtain (hereinafter referred to as curtain) according to the exhaust fan operating rate. Spraying is a main factor affecting the ability to odor reduction of curtains. The curtain (total area: 37.9m3) was constructed with two layers of light-shielding screens stretched over a rectangular parallelepiped structure installed around an exhaust fan (630 mm) on the side wall of a pig barn. Air samples for odor analysis were collected from inside the pig barn and outside the curtain. The main odorous compounds such as volatile fatty acids, phenols, indoles, and ammonia were measured. The odor reduction effectiveness was evaluated by total odor activity values (TOAVs) summed to the odor activity values of each odorous compounds. Depending on the exhaust fan operating rate, the reduced rate of TOAVs gradually decreased to the range between 15.67% and 68.80%. Because the contact time between the spraying liquid and the air velocity of the exhaust fan becomes shorter (or there is a reduction in liquid to gas flow ratio) as the exhaust fan operating rate increases. The results of this study can be used as basic data for research into spraying conditions to improve the odor reduction effectiveness of curtains.