본 리뷰는 수국속 식물 육종 연구에서 종 활용, 교잡, 생식･생 물학적 특성, 그리고 품종 보호의 전개 양상을 종합적으로 정리 하였다. 수국속 식물 육종은 내환경성과 관상적 특성의 혼합을 위한 종내･외 교잡 과정에서는 일방적 불친화성, 자가불화합성, 수정 후 장벽과 같은 교배 친화성 문제가 실생 확보를 제한하는 주요 요인으로 작용해 왔다. 이러한 한계를 극복하기 위한 보조 기술로서 배주 배양은 종간 교잡에서 중요한 역할을 수행해 왔 다. 이러한 육종 과정의 성과는 최종적으로 품종 출원 및 등록 자료로 축적되며, 자료 분석을 통해 수국속 식물 육종의 출발점 과 변화 양상을 확인하였다. 국내 품종 출원 기록은 현재의 육종 과 시장 흐름이 관상 가치와 재배 안정성을 동시에 추구하는 방향으로 변화하고 있음을 보여주었다. 결과적으로, 본 리뷰는 교배 연구와 보조 기술, 품종보호 기록을 연계해 국내 수국속 식물 품종 개발의 연구 및 전략적 방향을 제시한다.

This study re-evaluates the breeding history and agronomic stability traits of the garlic cultivar ‘Mansan’, emphasizing its suitability for consistent production in rapidly changing climatic conditions. ‘Mansan’ was developed from an open-pollinated seed of the genetic resource ‘14-2w’, collected in 2000. Line selection occurred from 2002 to 2010, followed by regional adaptability tests conducted in Suwon, Danyang, and Namhae from 2012 to 2014, leading to the final selection of this cultivar. ‘Mansan’ features an open plant type with milky white bulb skin, closely resembling the local cultivar ‘Danyang’. In regional trials, ‘Mansan’ achieved an average yield of 1,092 kg per 10a over three years, which is 5% higher than the control cultivar ‘Danyang’ (1,038 kg per 10a). Additionally, evaluations for resistance to major diseases, insect pests, and physiological disorders revealed that the control exhibited rates of 1.5% for secondary growth and 2.1% for leafy and non-bulbing issues, while no such disorders were noted in ‘Mansan’. This suggests that ‘Mansan’ demonstrates superior physiological stability under variable environmental conditions. In conclusion, ‘Mansan’ is a high-yielding and physiologically stable cultivar with excellent cultivation reliability. It is anticipated to replace existing northern-type garlic cultivars and contribute to increased farm income.

본 연구에서는 최근 국내 절화 시장에서 증가하는 소형·특이 화형 수요와 생산 현장의 노동력 절감 요구에 대응하여 개발된 소형 겹꽃 절화용 거베라 신품종 ‘페더핑크(Feather Pink)’의 육성 경위와 주요 특성을 보고하고자 한다. ‘페더핑크’는 2011 년 초세가 강건한 ‘08B3-3’ 계통을 모본으로, 화색과 화형이 우수한 ‘07B3-14’ 계통을 부본으로 교배한 실생 집단에서 선발되었다. 2011년 교배 후 조직배양을 이용한 계대 증식과 2012- 2020년 연차별 생육 및 절화 특성 평가를 통해 유전적 안정성과 균일성을 확보하였다. 주요 특성으로 두상화 직경은 평균 7.5cm이며, 절화장은 56.2cm로 유통에 적합하였고, 연간 채 화량은 75.3본/주/년으로 안정적인 생산성을 보였다. 절화수명 은 8.7일로 상업적 활용에 충분하였으며, 소형 계열이라 꽃목 처짐이 없어 철심 삽입·테이핑·캡 씌우기 등 꽃목보강작업이 필요하지 않아 재배 및 취급 과정의 노동력 절감에 유리하였다. 또한 기호도 평가에서 화색, 화형, 균형미 등에서 높은 선호도를 나타냈다. 이러한 특성으로 ‘페더핑크’는 최근 확대되고 있는 소형 절화 시장의 소비 경향에 부합하며, 국내 절화 시장의 품종 다양성 확대와 농가의 재배 효율성 향상에 기여할 것으로 기대 된다.

In order to develop a stable production and delicious unique cultivar of beech mushrooms, we generated hybrids using wild resources collected domestically, and we developed excellent strains by identifying the mycelial cultivability of the hybrid strains. The developed strains were cultivated according to the type of spawn and incubation time, and strains with excellent yield and shape were first selected, and second strains with less bitterness and excellent taste were selected through quantitative descriptive analysis. This was verified in farms, and ‘HM6-6’, which had a good reputation in the field, was directly developed cultivars as ‘Maruking’. In addition, the yield was high overall in the 90-day culture of the growth substrate inoculated with solid spawn, and the ‘Maruking’ cultivar, was also best in the 90-day culture. The yield was high overall in the 75-day culture of the liquid spawn, but ‘Maruking’ showed excellent yield when cultured for 70 days.

Oyster mushroom is one of the most widely cultivated and consumed mushrooms in Korea, and mechanization and automation of cultivation systems have enabled mass production. Many cultivars have been developed to replace the old ones such as ‘Suhan‘ and ‘Chunchuneutari 2 ho,‘ which have been cultivated for over 20 years. Among these, ‘Soltari‘ was developed in 2015. Although it has excellent quality, its cultivation is challenging and the productivity is somewhat lower. To address these issues, the Mushroom Division at the National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science selected the genetic resource KMCC05165 and attempted hybridization between monokaryons from KMCC05165 and ‘Soltari(KMCC04940)’. Through repeated cultivation tests and evaluation of fruiting body characteristics, the superior strain ‘Po-2019-smj22’ was selected and finally named ‘Otari‘. The optimal mycelial growth temperature of ‘Otari’ was between 25 and 30°C and optimal fruiting body growth temperature was between 13 and 18°C. Mycelial growth on PDA medium was best at 25°C, and at the same temperature, mycelial growth was similar across four media: PDA, MEA, MCM, and YM. In 1,100 mL bottle cultivation, the yield was approximately 174 g, which is about 5% higher than the control cultivar ‘Soltari‘, and the number of valid individuals was also higher at about 25. The diameter and height of the pileus were 29.8 mm and 17.6 mm, respectively, slightly smaller than ‘Soltari‘, and the stipe was thin and long with a thickness of 12.2 mm. Additionally, the pileus’ lightness index (L index) was 30.7, indicating a darker brown color compared to 'Soltari.' With excellent mycelial growth, ease of cultivation, and high yield, the new cultivar ‘Otari‘ is expected to be widely adopted by domestic oyster mushroom farms.

농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원에서는 2021년 분홍색계 소 형 호접란 ‘Arihong’을 육성하였다. 2014년 밝은 분홍색 소형 품종 Phalaenopsis ‘Wedding’와 백색 바탕에 분홍빛을 가지는 소형종 P. ‘[{KT1398-1×(KM-6)-4}×Chiangbeauty-88]-23’ 를 모본과 부본으로 교배하였다. 2018년 실생 120개체 중 잎자세, 화색, 화형, 꽃대수 등 특성이 우수한 ‘14104-1’ 개체를 선발하여 기내 화경배양을 통해 증식하였다. 2018년부터 2021년에까지 1차, 2차특성검정을 통해 품종의 안정성과 균일성을 확인한 후 ‘Arihong’로 명명하였다. 이 품종은 백색(WG155B) 바탕에 중앙 에는 보라빛 분홍색(PVG80B)을 띄며, 진한 자주색(PG78A) 순판 을 가지는 것이 특징이다. 꽃대가 2대씩 발생하고 꽃대 길이는 평균 42.1cm 소형 분화로 적절한 크기를 가지고 있다. 평피기 형태의 꽃은 길이와 폭이 각각 5.1, 5.7cm이며, 분지가 발생하여 1개의 꽃대에 13.0개의 소화가 착생한다. ‘Arihong’의 잎은 수평으로 자라며 길이와 폭이 각각 13.0cm, 4.9cm였다. 또한 초세가 우수하고 생육 속도가 빨라 엽수 확보가 용이한 특성을 보였다.

경상남도농업기술원 화훼연구소에서 2021년 화색이 연황 색이며 화심이 녹색인 미니 절화용 거베라 품종 ‘크림쿠키’ (Cream Cookie)를 육성하였다. ‘크림쿠키’ 품종은 2014년 황색 미니 ‘Sun City’를 모본으로, 백색 미니 ‘Blandy’를 부 본으로 인공교배를 실시하여 육성된 품종이다. 2021년까지 생육 및 개화 특성검정과 기호도 조사를 실시하였으며 ‘크림 쿠키’의 생육 및 개화특성을 대조품종인 ‘Sun City’와 비교하 였다. ‘크림쿠키’는 연황색(RHS 4C) 꽃잎과 녹색 화심을 가진 반겹꽃 거베라 품종이다. 화폭이 7.1cm인 작은 꽃이며, 화경 장은 58.9cm였다. 화경 직경은 상부 0.4cm, 하부 0.7cm 였 다. 외부설상화의 길이는 2.8cm이며 폭은 0.8cm였다. 개화 소요일수는 65.7일로 ‘Sun City’에 비하여 18.8일 빨랐으며, 첫 개화시 엽수는 22.4매였다. 연간 주당 절화수량은 102.3 본으로 ‘Sun City’의 82.0본에 비하여 20.3본이 많았다. 절 화수명은 17.8일로 ‘Sun City’보다 4.1일 더 길었다. ‘크림쿠 키’는 화폭이 7.1cm의 미니 품종으로 연간 주당 100본 이상 절화 생산이 가능하다. 또한 수확 후 꽃 캡 씌우기, 꽃목 보강 등 추가적인 작업을 생략할 수 있어 생산비 절감이 가능하므 로 농가보급 확대가 기대된다.

We aimed to develop outstanding domestic varieties suitable for both columnar and cylindrical-shape substrates, aiming to replace foreign varieties. and bred a high-quality new strain named ‘Charmjon’, using genetic resources collected from Japan and China. The optimal cultivation temperature for Charmjon’s mycelial growth was found to be 25°C, and its mycelial growth at 15°C and 25°C was superior to the control variety. In terms of mycelial growth characteristics based on the substrate, Charmjon exhibited excellent mycelial strength on PDA medium compared to the control variety. Through columnar and cylindrical-shape substrates cultivation, we assessed the quantity and morphological characteristics of the fruiting bodies. The results confirmed that Charmjon can be produced stably using both cultivation methods, and it showed higher yields and individual weights than the control variety. In addition, the color of the pileus was notably darker, and the shape of the pileus varied depending on the cultivation method. The test of genetic diversity revealed that Charmjon has distinct genetic characteristics compared to the control varieties.

The development of automated bottle cultivation systems has facilitated the large-scale production of Pleurotus ostreatus, a commonly cultivated oyster mushroom species in South Korea. However, as the consumption of this product is decreasing and production quantities are exceeding demand, farmers are seeking various other mushroom types and cultivars. In response to this, we have developed a new oyster mushroom cultivar named 'Sena'. This high-yielding cultivar has a white pileus and excellent quality. The white oyster mushroom cultivars 'Goni' and 'Miso' were selected as parental strains from the genetic resources of the National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science’s Mushroom Division. By crossing their monokaryons, hybrids were developed and subjected to cultivation trials and characteristic evaluations to select the superior cultivar. The optimal temperature for 'Sena' mycelial growth is 25–30°C, with inhibition occurring at temperatures above 30°C, whereas the temperature for mushroom growth is 14–18°C. The mushrooms grow in clusters, with the white pileus having a shallow funnel shape. Optimal mycelial growth occurs in malt extract agar medium. When cultivated in 1,100 cc bottles, the 'Sena' cultivar had 35 available individuals, surpassing the number 16 available from the control cultivar 'Goni'. The yield per bottle also increased by approximately 157 g, a 24% increase over the control cultivar amount. When 300 g samples of harvested mushrooms were packed and stored at 4°C in a cold storage facility for 28 days, the weight loss rate of ‘Sena’ was approximately 4.22%, lower than that of 'Goni'. Moreover, the changes in pileus and stipe whiteness (measuring 6.99 and 8.33, respectively) were also lower than those of the control cultivar. Since the appearance of a white cap is crucial for quality assessment, the 'Sena' cultivar is superior to the 'Goni' cultivar in terms of both weight and quality after undergoing lowtemperature storage.

This study was conducted to reduce the phenomenon of the biased cultivation of certain mushroom varieties and to develop a competitive variety of Pleurotus nebrodensis. We have collected and tested characteristics of genetic resources from domestic and overseas varieties since 2015. We bred the domestic variety ‘Boram’. The optimal temperature was 26~29oC for mycelial growth and 15~18oC for fruit body growth temperature. This variety was similar to the control variety (Uram) in terms of the number of cultivation days and yield per bottle. The shape of the new cultivar was round, whereas that of the control group was spatula-like. The yield was 181.1 g/bottle, which was statistically similar to that of the control variety. When incubating the parent and control varieties, the replacement line was clear. Moreover, polymerase chain reaction analysis of mycelial DNA resulted in different band patterns between the parent and control varieties, confirming the hybrid species.