In this study, a pilot-scale (3 m3/day) membrane distillation (MD) process was operated to treat digestate produced from anaerobic digestion of livestock wastewater. In order to evaluate the performance and energy cost of MD process, it was compared with the pilot scale (10 m3/day) reverse osmosis (RO) process, expected competitive process, under same feed condition. As results, MD process shows stable permeate flux (average 10.1 L/m2/hr) until 150 hours, whereas permeate flux of RO process was decreased from 5.3 to 1.5 L/m2/hr within 24 hours. In the case of removal of COD, TN, and TP, MD process shows a high removal rate (98.7, 93.7, and 99% respectively) stably until 150 hours. However, in the case of RO process, removal rate was decreased from 91.6 to 69.5% in COD and from 93.7 to 76.0% in TP during 100 hours of operation. Removal rate of TN in RO process was fluctuated in the range of 34.5-62.9% (average 44.6%) during the operation. As a result of energy cost analysis, MD process using waste heat for heating the feed shows 18% lower cost compare with RO process. Thus, overall efficiency of the MD process is higher then that of the RO process in terms of permeate flux, removal rate of salts, and operating cost (in the case of using waste heat) in treating the anaerobic digestate of livestock wastewater.
This experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of Chlorella culture solution using anaerobic digestate as medium on seed germination of perennial ryegrass seeds. Four treatments were compared: control with distilled water, anaerobic digestate, Chlorella culture solution and Chlorella culture filtrate. The germination percentage of perennial ryegrass seeds was highest in the Chlorella culture solution treatment. Days required for 50, 70% seed germination were faster at 1.7 day in Chlorella culture solution compared to control. Root length of perennial ryegrass seeds was longer by 1~2cm in the Chlorella culture solution compared with control. The relative root length was by 40% longer in the Chlorella culture solution treatment compared to control. The germination index (GI) of perennial ryegrass seeds was higher by 180~202% in the Chlorella culture solution treatment compared to control. The decay rate was low as 50.0% in Chlorella culture solution, but decay rate of perennial ryegrass seeds showed 86.7~83.3% in control plot and in anaerobic digestate, respectively. Chlorella culture solution have shown stimulatory effects in germination and development of root. Overall, Chlorella culture solution could be useful to apply for promotion of germination and root elongation of seeds.
Anaerobic digestion is a collection of naturally occurring processes that convert organic matter and liquid residue, so-called digestate. The use of digestate biofertilizers is one of the important components of integrated nutrient management, as they are renewable sources of plant nutrients for sustainable agriculture. Seeds of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) were germinated in different concentration of Chlorella in order to investigate it’s the effect of Chlorella on growth parameters, seed germination and early growth. The experiment using plug tray was conducted at the green house placed in the Sangji University. The experiment consisted of nine treatments including different concentrations of Chlorella sp. culture solution and non-treated control. The germination percentage at the treatment with 25% Chlorella sp. culture solution was greater than that of control. The 50% concentration of Chlorella sp. culture solution was found to promote a better seedling growth in terms of shoot length, fresh weight and dry weight compared to the anaerobic digestate. Results showed that the best concentration of Chlorella culture solution was achieved by the 50% concentration of Chlorella culture solution treatment. As a conclusion, the application of Chlorella culture solution was found to be able to promote the germination and shoots growth of Italian ryegrass
혐기성 Membrane Bioreactor 공정은 기존 단점을 보완하고 고-액을 효과적으로 분리시켜 혐기슬러지를 소화조로 재순환시켜 미생물 체류시간을 연장시킬 뿐만 아니라 슬러지 멤브레인 폐쇄공정 속에서 취급되기 때문에 악취발생도 최소화되는 장점이 있다. 본 연구에 적용된 UF 여과막 결합 혐기소화공정에서 사용된 음폐수 유입 pH는 4.12, TS 12%이었다. UF 여과 분리막은 운전 335일 이후부터 가동시켰으며, flux는 15~20 LMH, TMP는 1~3 kgf/㎠(In-Out), 교차여 과속도는 1~3 m/sec로 운전하였다. 유입수의 TCOD와 SCOD의 는 각각 113 ± 29, 62 ± 8 g/L로 변화될 때, 유출수의 TCOD, SCOD는 각각 25 ± 6, 12 ± 3 g/L이었다.
현재 국내에서 발생하는 음폐수의 해양투기 금지와 음식물류 폐기물의 에너지화 정책에 따라 유기성 폐기물의 혐기소화를 통한 바이오가스화 시설이 지속적으로 설치 및 운영되고 있다. 그동안 많은 연구와 운영 경험을 통해 유기성 폐기물의 바이오가스화 공정은 점차적으로 안정화되어 가고 있는 가운데, 해당 시설에서 발생하는 혐기소화여액에 대한 적정 처리가 전체 시설의 경제성에 큰 영향을 미치고 있다. 해외, 특히 유럽에서는 유기성 폐기물의 혐기소화여액을 대부분 퇴비 또는 비료로 활용하고 있으나 국내에서는 경작 면적 및 시비 시기 등에 대한 제약으로 인해 해외의 경우처럼 혐기소화여액을 퇴비 및 비료로 활용하는데 한계를 가지고 있다. 이에 대다수의 국내 음식물류 폐기물 바이오가스화 시설에서는 혐기소화여액을 별도의 폐수처리 후 하수처리장에 연계 처리하고 있으며, 고형물인 탈수케익은 일부 퇴비원료로 생산하고 있으나 이에 대한 수요 및 구매 매력도가 떨어져 무상공급 또는 유상처리하고 있는 실정이다. 이에 따라 탈수케익을 퇴비원료로 생산하는 대신 매립 또는 소각 처리로 전환하는 시설도 늘어나고 있다. 또한, 음식물류 폐기물의 혐기소화여액은 높은 질소 농도로 인해 하수처리장 연계수질에 따라 단순 응집침전부터 다단 고도처리까지 적용하여 처리하고 있어, 본 과제에서는 국내 음식물류 폐기물 바이오가스화 시설을 직접 방문 조사하여 각 시설의 폐수처리공정 성능 및 애로사항 파악을 통해 주요 연계수질 기준에 따른 최적 폐수처리공정 선정 Guideline을 도출하고자 하였다.
The proper disposal of digestate from biogas plants has been focused while the use of biogas plants to treat organic waste has been considered as a way of green energy production. This study analyzed chemical and biological characteristics of two types of digestates from 6 domestic biogas plants for low cost and environmental recycling. The results showed that separated solids met current standard for compost within organic content, ratio of organic matter and NaCl concentration, although water content and maturity of separated solids did not meet the standard. Total content of N, P2O5 and K2O in separated liquids met current standard for liquefied fertilizer except that in separated liquids from sewage sludge, although NaCl content of separated liquids from food waste exceed the standard. Heavy metal content, coliform count and 2 kinds of harmful microorganisms were also detected below domestic standard for compost and liquefied fertilizer. These results suggested that digestates from biogas plants could be recycled to be fertilizer with additional treatment such as post-composting or salinity removal process.