키다리병 내성벼의 생리·생화학적 특성 연구를 알아보기 위해 남평벼와 호품벼를 비교하여 실시한 실험결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 키다리병 발병률은 품종에 관계없이 병원균 포자의 농도,노출시간에 비례하여 증가하며 특히 감수성 품종인 호품벼는그 증가 속도가 더욱 심함을 알 수 있었고 이들 감수성 품종들은 염수선을 통한 종자정선이 키다리병 예방에 중요한 역할을 한다. 2. 키다리병 감염조건에서 남평벼가 호품벼에 비해 체내 전분 및 단백질 감소 정도가 더 작았으며 α-amylase, CAT,SOD 항산화 효소 활성은 다소 높게 유지되었다. 3. 키다리병 감염조건에서 SOD를 제외한 CAT, POD, APX유전자들은 남평벼가 호품벼에 비해 모두 2 ~ 3배 이상의 강한 발현증가를 보인 반면 호품벼에서 GA positive gene인Gα(D1), GID2의 발현이 높은 반면 GA deactivating gene인EUI의 발현은 남평보다 낮은 것으로 나타났다.

A new soybean variety, ‘Joongmo 3009’ (Milyang 222) was developed at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in 2012. ‘Joongmo 3009’ was released by pedigree selection from the cross between ‘Cheongja 2(Milyang 121)’ and ‘Daemangkong’. It has determinate growth habit, white flower, brown pubescence, brown pod color, green seed coat, green cotyledon, spherical seed shape, oval leaf shape and large seed size (29.3 grams per 100 seeds). It was late 16 days in maturing date than the check cultivar ‘Cheongjakong’. The average yield of ‘Joongmo 3009’ was 2.91 ton per hectare, which was higher 36 percentage than the check variety, in the regional yield trials carried out in three adaptable locations of Korea from 2010 to 2012. The number of breeder’s right is ‘5474’

The virus infection to pepper crops has caused a heavy loss in productivity. In Korea, CMV (cucumber mosaic virus) is the most frequent occurrence virus followed by PepMoV (pepper mottle virus) and TSWV (tomato spotted wilt virus). The total occurrence of pepper infection from these viruses is over 80%. Therefore, if we could develop a pepper variety tolerant to these viruses, then we would protect a large portion of pepper cultivation and production from the virus damage. In order to develop tolerant peppers against these viruses, we have set up a transformation system of pepper using Agrobacterium with viral genes such as CP (coat protein) gene and HC-Pro (helper component-protease) gene. Genes used for constructing transgenic peppers are CMVP0-CP, CMVP1-CP, PepMoV-CP, CMV-CP::PepMoV-CP, PepMoV-HC-pro-C/Ri, TSWV-CP and so on. A large number of transgenic peppers transformed with those genes was tested for resistance to viral pathogens. We have found that CMVP0-CP, CMVP1-CP peppers were tolerant to a new CMVP1 pathogen and finally T3 peppers highly tolerant to CMVP1 pathogen were selected. The selected T3 peppers were tolerant under field test. In addition, transformed peppers highly tolerant to PepMoV were also selected. Here in Korea, none of the GM crops has ever been approved for safety testing yet. Although researchers in universities and national institutes have developed tens of GM crops during the last 10 years or so, only a few crops have been recently tested for the risk assessment. Unfortunately, it will take several years until any GM crops are on the Korean market. In other words, the present status of GM crop development in Korea is far behind worldwide levels in terms of research and development, which is not readily understood considering the fact that this country has at least 10 years history of GM crop biotechnology and 30 years of experience of tissue culture technology. What were the problems? Why has the crop biotechnology not been adopted sooner? Generally the tardiness shown by business in adopting GM crop biotechnology is caused by many factors: academical frontline, research funding, professional labor, systems for GM cultivation and risk assessment, understanding and help from the public, industrial success, professional leaders on GM crop development, and so on. Among these, the most critical aspect in Korean science community is the lack of industrial pipeline and interest from seed companies. In most cases, the driving force behind business comes from the private sector and we do not have private companies that are able to conduct the complicated biotechnology. A major question we are holding is what has to be done if we are to catch up in the race for the new green industry promoting people’s health, increasing food availability and protecting natural environment. Here I discuss about the successful events as to GM peppers and what the roadmap for commercialization would be.

“Kwangim” was developed at the National Crop Experiment Station, RDA in 2001 through induced mutations breeding by EMS treatment on the Suwon 38 perilla seeds in 1993. Kwangim has dark brown seedcoat colour with abundant and long clusters. Anthesis of Kwa