Although many attempts have been made to solve the atmospheric diffusion equation, there are many limits that prevent both solving it and its application. The causes of these impediments are primarily due to both the partial differentiation term and the turbulence diffusion coefficient. In consideration of this dilemma, this study aims to discuss the methodology and cases of utilizing a passive air sampler to increase the applicability of atmospheric dispersion modeling. Passive air samplers do not require pumps or electric power, allowing us to achieve a high resolution of spatial distribution data at a low cost and with minimal effort. They are also used to validate and calibrate the results of dispersion modeling. Currently, passive air samplers are able to measure air pollutants, including SO2, NO2, O3, dust, asbestos, heavy metals, indoor HCHO, and CO2. Additionally, they can measure odorous substances such as NH3, H2S, and VOCs. In this paper, many cases for application were introduced for several purposes, such as classifying the VOCs’ emission characteristics, surveying spatial distribution, identifying sources of airborne or odorous pollutants, and so on. In conclusion, the validation and calibration cases for modeling results were discussed, which will be very beneficial for increasing the accuracy and reliability of modeling results.

백두산은 지리적으로 전체 면적의 3분의 1이 북한에, 그 나머지 영역이 중국에 속해있다. 최근 백두산 화산분화의 다양한 전조현상들이 나타나고 있으나 백두산에서 실제 일어나고 있는 직접적인 분화 전조현상에 대한 관측 자료를 획득하는 것은 쉽지 않다. 또한 현재 분화 가능성이 대두되고 있는 백두산지역의 지질학적인 환경을 고려한 분화 시나리오에 대한 연구가 매우 부족한 상태이기 때문에 지질학적인 요인을 고려한 분화 시나리오의 작성과 화산재의 한반도 유입 가능성에 대한 신속한 대응을 위한 화산재 확산 조기경보 기술의 개발이 필요한 시점이다. 우리나라는 백두산으로부터 지리적으로 약 500km이상 떨어져 있고, 화산재 및 오염물질의 확산으로 인한 간접적인 피해 영향권 내에 있으므로, 백두산이 폭발적으로 분화한다면 백두산을 중심으로 한반도 주변의 기압배치에 따른 종관 기상장의 영향을 받아 화산 분출물들이 대기 중에서 이류, 확산, 침적됨으로 인해 지리적 위치에 따라 지역적으로 장·단기적인 피해가 발생할 가능성이 예상된다. 본 연구에서는 화산재의 이동 경로 및 침적두께를 추정할 수 있는 Fall3D모델을 사용하여 분화구 주변지역으로부터 한반도의 동쪽에 위치하고 있는 일본지역까지 시간에 따른 화산재 확산현상을 수치모의 하였다. 또한 백두산 분화를 가정한 대표사례일의 기상장을 계산하고 화산에서 분출되어진 총 분출량에 따라 구분되는 화산폭발지수에 따른 화산재의 확산 경로, PM10농도, 화산재의 침적두께를 계산, 분석하였다.

In order to how well predict ISCST3(Industrial Source Complex Short Term version 3) model dispersion of air pollutant at point source, sensitivity was analysed necessary parameters change. ISCST3 model is Gaussian plume model. Model calculation was performed with change of the wind speed, atmospheric stability and mixing height while the wind direction and ambient temperature are fixed. Fixed factors are wind direction as the south wind(180˚) and temperature as 298 K(25℃). Model's sensitivity is analyzed as wind speed, atmospheric stability and mixing height change. Data of stack are input by inner diameter of 2m, stack height of 30m, emission temperature of 40℃, outlet velocity of 10m/s. On the whole, main factor which affects in atmospheric dispersion is wind speed and atmospheric stability at ISCST3 model. However it is effect of atmospheric stability rather than effect of distance downwind. Factor that exert big influence in determining point of maximum concentration is wind speed. Meanwhile, influence of mixing height is a little or almost not.

In this study, the scenario for a numerical modeling of the fine grid scale air dispersion phenomena was proposed and an analysis of the special event which was occurred on September 3, 2002 was performed using by a coarse grid prognostic meteorological model, a fine grid diagnostic meteorological model and a fine grid air dispersion model. Based on the results, we found that the local circulations, like as land-sea breeze, should be seriously considered for evaluating the high PM10 concentration event and for making the reduction policy of the major air pollutant emissions in Ansan area.

Various Eulerian-Lagrangian models for the one-dimensional longitudinal dispersion equation in nonuniform flow were studied comparatively. In the models studied, the transport equation was decoupled into two component parts by the operator-splitting approach; one part is governing advection and the other is governing dispersion. The advection equation has been solved by using the method of characteristics following fluid particles along the characteristic line and the results were interpolated onto an Eulerian grid on which the dispersion equation was solved by Crank-Nicholson type finite difference method. In the solution of the advection equation, Lagrange fifth, cubic spline, Hermite third and fifth interpolating polynomials were tested by numerical experiment and theoretical error analysis. Among these, Hermite interpolating polynomials are generally superior to Lagrange and cubic spline interpolating polynomials in reducing both dissipation and dispersion errors.

The sensitivity analysis of two short-term models (ISCST3, INPUFF2.5) is performed to improve the model accuracy. It appears that the sensitivities on the changes of wind speed, stack height and stack inner diameter in the near distance from source, stability and mixing height in the remote distance from source, are significant. Also, the gas exit velocity, stack inner diameter, gas temperature and air temperature which affect the plume rise have some effects on the concentration values of each model within the downwind distance where final plume rise is determined. And in modeling for the atmospheric dispersion of point pollutant source INPUFF2.5 can calculate amount, trajectory of puff and concentration versus time at each receptors. So, it is compatible to analyze distribution of point pollutants concentration at modeling area.