In korea, 500MW standard coal fired power plants were designed and operated for the initial base load, so facility stability was prioritized from facility problem to treatment, but now we needed to research for minimizing greehouse gas emissions at the operation of coal fired power plants. research on various facilities and technologies was actively conducted to reduce environment pollutants was drastically reduced, but research and attempts on coping measures in the event of a reduction facility problem were in sufficient. this study considered investigated ways to minimized pollutants by quickly responding to logic development and application of the load runback concept in case of serious problems with environmental pollutant reduction facilities such as NOx reduction selective catalytic reduction facilities, SOx reduction wet flue gas desulpherisation facilities, and TSP(Total Suspended Particles) collection low temperature electric precipitator.

Most of gas turbine combined cycle power plants are located in urban areas to provide peak load and district heating. However, NOx(nitrogen oxides) of exhaust gas emission from the power plants cause additional fine dust and thus it has negative impact on the urban environment. Although DLN(dry low NOx) and multi-stage combustors have been widely applied to solve this problem, they have another critical problem of damages to combustors and turbine components due to combustion dynamic pressure. In this study, the effect of different fuel ratio on NOx emission and pressure fluctuation was investigated regarding two variable conditions; combustor stages and power output on M501J gas turbine.

세계 공간정보 인프라 환경은 급격하게 플랫폼 기반으로 변화하고 있으며, 우리나라가 구축 완료한 공간정보 오픈플랫폼은 세계 각국의 공간정보 인프라 구축을 위한 대안이 될 수 있다. 다만 수출 대상 시장을 확장하고 수출 대상 국가에 성공적인 공간정보 인프라를 구축하기 위해서는 각 국의 국가 특성에 적합한 수출 전략의 마련이 선행되어야 한다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 국가 특성을 반영하는 다양한 대리변수들에 대한 전문가 AHP 조사 및 통계 분석을 통해 진출 대상 국가의 우선순위를 산정하였으며, 진출 대상 국가를 각각의 특성에 따라 5개의 범주로 분류하였다. 또한 이를 기초로 하여 수출 전략 수립을 위한 이론적 기반을 제시하였으며, 이론적 기반을 토대로 5개 국가 분류 각각에 대한 공간정보 오픈플랫폼 수출 전략을 제시하였다.

There is growing concern over the effects of global warning. In response, the power generation sector must consider a wider range of systems and fuels to generate power. One of the classes of solid fuels that is being increasingly developed is biomass. However, one of the most serious problems that biomass plants face is severe corrosion. To mitigate the problem, various approaches have been proposed in terms of additive utilization. This study is based on the results obtained during the co-combustion of wood chip and waste wood in a circulating fluidized bed boiler (CFBC boiler). The KCl concentration was reduced from 59.9 ppm to 3.9 ppm during the injection of ammonium sulfate, and NOx was reduced by 25.5 ppm from 30.6 ppm to 5.1 ppm. However, SOx increased by 110.2 ppm from 33.2 ppm to 143.4 ppm, and HCl increased by 71.5 ppm from 340.5 ppm to 412.0 ppm. Thus, we confirmed that the attitude of the superheater tube was reduced by 87 ~ 93%, and the injection of ammonium sulfate was effective in preventing high-temperature corrosion.

Biomass-fired power plants produce electricity and heat by burning biomass in a boiler. However, one of the most serious problems faced by these plants is severe corrosion. In biomass boilers, corrosion comes from burnt fuels containing alkali, chlorine, and other corrosive substances, causing boiler tube failures, leakages, and shorter lifetimes. To mitigate the problem, various approaches implying the use of additives have been proposed; for example, ammonium sulfate is added to convert the alkali chlorides (mainly KCl) into the less corrosive alkali sulfates. Among these approaches, the high temperature corrosion prevention technology based on ammonium sulfate has few power plants being applied to domestic power plants. This study presents the results obtained during the co-combustion of wood chips and waste in a circulating fluidized bed boiler. The aim was to investigate the characteristics of pollution load in domestic biomass power plants with ammonium sulfate injection. By injecting the ammonium sulfate, the KCl content decreased from 68.9 to 5 ppm and the NOx were reduced by 18.5 ppm, but SO2 and HCl were increased by 93.3 and 68 ppm, respectively.

Recently, the Ministry of Industry has made efforts to expand renewable energy by 2030, and the Ministry of Environment has sought to revitalize solid fuels from livestock manure, which is a type of bio-energy source, such as reviving laws to activate solid livestock fuels. However, the operating costs of fuel-manufacturing facilities must be reduced to activate solid livestock fuels. The proper dryer must be selected to reduce the drying cost, which comprises the majority of the operating expenses. Laboratory-scale experiments were conducted to confirm the possibility of drying cow manure, the feasibility of utilizing waste heat and the existence of an adhesion solution. Some adhesion phenomena were detected from the disk-dryer results. However, this phenomenon disappeared when the water content of the cow manure was below 50%. A water content of 41% was used to confirm this adhesion phenomenon in the cow manure. Because of the high viscosity of cow manure, a recycling method had to be applied through the disk to match the water content in the dryer. A drying test with a duct rotary dryer confirmed that waste heat that is generated from power plants can be utilized to lower the moisture content of solid fuels in livestock waste to 20%.

This study examined oyster shells on a laboratory scale to determine whether they could be used as a replacement for limestone (PCC: precipitated calcium carbonate) as a filler in the paper production process. The optimum PCC production conditions and phase conversion rate at laboratory scale and 10 kg pilot plant scale were compared. For the phase conversion rate of CaO, 86.4% of the oyster shell and 55.6% of the limestone were converted. 80.4% of 86.4% CaO from the oyster shell and 52.0% of 55.6% CaO from the limestone were converted to Ca(OH)2. 99.6% of the oyster shell Ca(OH)2 and 100% of the limestone Ca(OH)2 were converted to PCC at laboratory scale. Meanwhile, the PCC phase conversion rate of oyster shells using the pilot plant was found to be 96.2%. To examine the potential for commercialization, PCC made of oyster shells was used in paper factories H and M for the applicable tests. As a result, the tensile strength, elongation, and internal bond strength of the product using the PCC from the oyster shells were similar to those of the product of paper factory H. However, approximately 2% reduction in bulk, 2% reduction in whiteness, and 0.3% reduction in opacity were reduced in paper factory H. For the product of paper factory M, the pH of 12.5 exceeds the KS standard, and the viscosity and residue are significantly higher than those of the product paper factory M. This study showed that the PCC phase conversion rate for oyster shells is higher than that for limestone under the conditions of PCC manufacturing at laboratory and pilot plant scales. The PCC whiteness test results of 99% for the pilot plant PCC, 97% for the lab scale PCC, and 93% for the limestone PCC illustrate that oyster shells are a useful material for manufacturing PCC. Because each process requires different physical properties and particle conditions, although the same PCC obtained from the oyster shells was used in both factories, it was applicable in paper factory H but not in paper factory M. Therefore, in order to examine applicability of the oyster shell-derived PCC for paper manufacturing processes, additional research is required on the adjustment of the physical properties standard and uniformity particle.

1995년부터 전국적으로 실시된 쓰레기 종량제는 쓰레기의 발생량을 30~40%정도 줄이고 재활용품 수거율을 2배 이상 증가시키는 효과를 얻었으나 종량제 봉투가격이 실제 처리의 비용의 29.5% 수준으로 경제적 유인 동기유발 효과가 미흡한 문제점을 갖고 있다. 더욱이 농어촌의 경우 노동력의 노령화 및 환경보존에 대한 인식부족으로 인하여 쓰레기 종량제에 대한 정착에 많은 어려움이 있으며, 대부분 불법투기나 소각에 의해 야적장화되어 이를 처리하기 위한 막대한 지자체의 예산과 인력이 투입되고 있는 실정이다. 또한 충남 지역은 중･소규모 도시들과 농어촌으로 구성되어 있어 폐기물 발생량과 특성이 대도시 지역과 다르다. 이에 본 연구에서는 충남 농어촌지역의 특성을 고려한 폐기물 관리시스템을 수립하고자 농어촌 폐기물 발생현황 및 성상분석을 실시하였다. 폐기물 성상분석은 도시지역과 농촌지역 및 어촌지역 세 곳으로 나눠 각 지역별 500L를 무작위 선별하여 채취하였고 채취된 시료를 이용하여 물리적 조성, 겉보기 밀도, 삼성분 및 발열량 분석을 실시하였다. 5년(‘06~‘11년)간 충남 생활폐기물 발생현황을 조사한 결과 1일･인당 폐기물 발생량은 0.89kg으로 전국 평균치(0.85kg/일･인)와 유사하였으나, 불연성분이 13.59%으로 전국 평균치(6.05%)보다 매우 높게 나타났다. 이는 재활용의 수치에서도 27.84%로 전국 평균치(31.45%)보다 낮게 나타났으며 음식물의 경우는 20.28%로 전국 평균치(28.30%)로 나타나 재활용과 음식물 분리수거가 잘 이루어지지 않는 것을 알 수 있다. 시료 채취 후 수작업에 의해 조사한 폐기물의 물리적 조성 분석 결과, 채취지점별 생활쓰레기 가연성분의 양은 전체의 96.9%(도시지역), 94.1%(농촌지역), 93.0%(어촌지역)을 차지하였고 그 중 플라스틱류(29.56~33.81%)와 종이류(27.09~31.06%)가 많이 비중을 차지하고 있다. 더욱이 어촌지역의 경우 음식물류가 19%를 차지하고 있어 도시지역(9.49%)과 농촌지역(9.96%)에 비해 음식물 분리수거가 잘 이루어지지 않고 있음을 알 수 있다. 불연성분의 경우 역시 3.09%(도시지역), 5.87%(농촌지역), 7.04%(어촌지역)로 농어촌 지역이 도시지역에 비해 분리수거가 잘 이루어지고 있으며 유리가 많은 비중을 차지하고 있다. 폐기물의 섬성분 분석결과 음식물 쓰레기비가 높은 어촌지역의 경우 수분이 36.81%로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 원소 조성별 함량은 탄소, 산소, 회분, 수소, 질소, 황, 염소 순으로 나타났다. 한편 발열량 분석결과는 세지역 모두 저위 발열량이 300kcal/kg을 초과하는 매우 높은 값을 보이고 있으며, 이는 수도권 매립지에 반입되는 생활쓰레기의 저위 발열량보다 다소 높은 값이다. 이처럼 저위발열량이 높은 값을 보이는 이유는 가연성 생활쓰레기 내 수분함량이 높은 음식물 쓰레기의 비가 낮은 반면 플라스틱류가 많은 비중을 차지함으로써 발열량이 높게 나타난 것으로 볼 수 있다.

UV경화는 열경화성 수지나 잉크에 비해 공해 문제가 없다는 점에서 도장, 페인트, 도료, 인쇄 등등 여러 산업에 사용될 뿐만 아니라, 경화 후의 접착 강도, 광택, 내마모성, 표면 경도 등 여러 가지 우수한 물성 때문에 여러 분야에서 매년 15% 이상 응용이 늘어나고 있다. 근래 UV경화의 많은 장점으로 사용량이 늘어남에 따라 많은 연구가 진행 되었으나, 이 연구들은 광개시제와 모노머, 올리고머 등의 연구에만 치우쳐 있어 기본 코팅 설비 및 제조공정에 관한 연구와 simulation을 통한 건조기내 열유동 해석은 연구결과가 부족한 현실이다. 그래서 본 연구는 UV 경화를 위한 기초 연구를 목적으로 UV 경화시 경화기 내부 온도분포에 대한 수치해석과 경화속도에 따른 아크릴레이트 올리고머의 경화정도에 대하여 경험적 데이터로 만들고자 한다. 실험 기기로는 UV경화기는 크기 900*95 (가로*세로cm)이며, 850mm, 385nm, 120W/cm² 인 메탈할라이드 램프 2개가 장치되어 있고, 램프에 가해지는 파워는 100%로 설정하였고 경화기 내부의 온도는 60℃로 하였으며, 컨베이어의 기본 속도는 0.05m/s로 설정하였다. UV경화기 내부의 온도 분포에 대한 simulation 및 수치해석은 STAR-CCM+를 사용하여 해석하였다. 경계조건은 UV경화기 내부의 급기, 배기를 중점적으로 하였고, 열원인 UV램프와 그 주변에 대한 열 유동을 분석하였다. 아크릴레이트 올리고머의 경화도 분석은 코팅 두께에 차이를 둔 case1과 경화 속도에 차이를 둔 case2로 나누어 실험하였다. 시편 0.3t AL PLATE 50mm･50mm에 코팅 두께에 차이를 두고 도장용 스프레이건을 사용하여 아크릴레이트 올리고머를 시편위에 같은 각도와 위치상에 두고 횟수를 달리하여 뿌린 후 그 무게를 측정하여 올리고머가 올라간 정도를 확인하였다. 횟수는 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70회로 하였으며, 기존 상품화 되는 정도를 횟수로 계산하면 45회 뿌린 것과 같다. 체류시간에 따른 경화정도는 하도 되어진 아크릴레이트 올리고머가 약 0.1040g이 올려진 상태로 속도의 차이를 두었다. 속도의 차는 0.03m/s, 0.043m/s, 0.056m/s, 0.069m/s, 0.1m/s로 설정하여 실험하였다. 실험결과 UV경화기 내부의 온도분포는 UV램프가 열원이 됨으로 그 주위를 중심으로 온도가 올라갔고 자연급기와 UV램프 반사갓 뒷면의 2.5마력의 배기펌프에도 크게 그 영향을 미치지 않았음을 확인 할 수 있었다. 두께에 의한 올리고머 경화도의 차이는 일정량 gel분율이 줄어드는 것을 확인 하였으나 두께에 따라 경화정도가 떨어지는 것을 확인하였고 60회, 70회의 sample의 경우 경화정도가 미흡하였다. 체류 시간에 따른 경화도의 비교는 같은 두께에서도 체류시간이 오래될수록 경화도가 좋았으며, 체류시간이 짧을수록 경화도가 좋지 않음을 확인 할 수 있었다. 결론적으로 UV램프의 파손을 고려하여 설치하는 급배기 장치는 건조기의 온도 변화에 큰 영향을 미치진 않았고, 경화도는 두께에 따른 체류시간은 반비례하는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구는 기초 연구를 통하여 일반적 사항을 재연구함으로써 UV 경화의 기초 데이터로의 활용될 것으로 판단된다.

Hourly concentrations of PM1, PM2.5 and PM10, were investigated at Gangneung city in the Korean east coast on 0000LST October 26~1800LST October 29, 2003. Before the intrusion of Yellow dust from Gobi Desert, PM10(PM2.5, PM1) concentration was generally low, more or less than 20 (10, 5) μg/m3, and higher PM concentration was found at 0900LST at the beginning time of office hour and their maximum ones at 1700LST around its ending time. As correlation coefficient of PM10 and PM2.5(PM2.5 and PM1, and PM10 and PM1) was very high with 0.90(0.99, 0.84), and fractional ratios of (PM10-PM2.5)/PM2.5((PM2.5-PM1)/PM1) were 1.37~3.39(0.23~0.54), respectively. It implied that local PM10 concentration could be greatly affected by particulate matters of sizes larger than 2.5 μm, and PM2.5 concentration could be by particulate matters of sizes smaller than 2.5 μm. During the dust intrusion, maximum concentration of PM10(PM2.5, PM1) reached 154.57(93.19, 76.05) μg/m3 with 3.8(3.4, 14.1) times higher concentration than before the dust intrusion. As correlation coefficient of PM10 and PM2.5(vice verse, PM2.5, PM1) was almost perfect high with 0.98(1.00, 0.97) and fractional ratios of (PM10-PM2.5)/PM2.5((PM2.5-PM1)/PM1) were 0.48~1.25(0.16~0.37), local PM10 concentration could be major affected by particulates smaller than both 2.5 μm and 1 μm (fine particulate), opposite to ones before the dust intrusion. After the ending of dust intrusion, as its coefficient of 0.23(0.81, - 0.36) was very low, except the case of PM2.5 and PM1 and (PM10-PM2.5)/PM2.5((PM2.5-PM1)/PM1) were 1.13~1.91(0.29~1.90), concentrations of coarse particulates larger than 2.5 μm greatly contributed to PM10 concentration, again. For a whole period, as the correlation coefficients of PM10, PM2.5, PM1 were very high with 0.94, 1.00 and 0.92, reliable regression equations among PM concentrations were suggested.

This study is designed to assess the priority order of the chemicals to cause to generate occupational diseases in order to understand the fundamental data required for the preparation of health protective measure for the workers dealing with chemicals. The 41 types of 51 ones of chemicals to cause to generate the national occupational diseases were selected as the study objects by understanding their domestic use or not, and their occupational diseases' occurrence or not among 110,608 types of domestic and overseas chemicals. To assess their priority order the sum of scores was acquired by understanding the actually classified condition based on a perfect score of physical riskiness(90points) and health toxicity(92points) as a classification standard by GHS, the priority order on GHS riskiness assessment, GHS toxicity assessment, GHS toxic․riskiness assessment(sum of riskiness plus toxicity) was assessed by multiplying each result by each weight of occupational disease's occurrence. The high ranking 5 items of chemicals for GHS riskiness assessment were turned out to be urethane, copper, chlorine, manganese, and thiomersal by order. Besides as a result of GHS toxicity assessment the top fives were assessed to be aluminum, iron oxide, manganese, copper, and cadium(Metal) by order. On the other hand, GHS toxicity․riskiness assessment showed that the top fives were assessed to be copper, urethane, iron oxide, chlorine and phenanthrene by order. As there is no material or many uncertain details for physical riskiness or health toxicity by GHS classification though such materials caused to generate the national occupational diseases, it is very urgent to prepare its countermeasure based on the forementioned in order to protect the workers handling or being exposed to chemicals from health.