Occurrence of process environment changes, such as influent load variances and process condition changes, can reduce treatment efficiency, increasing effluent water quality. In order to prevent exceeding effluent standards, it is necessary to manage effluent water quality based on process operation data including influent and process condition before exceeding occur. Accordingly, the development of the effluent water quality prediction system and the application of technology to wastewater treatment processes are getting attention. Therefore, in this study, through the multi-channel measuring instruments in the bio-reactor and smart multi-item water quality sensors (location in bio-reactor influent/effluent) were installed in The Seonam water recycling center #2 treatment plant series 3, it was collected water quality data centering around COD, T-N. Using the collected data, the artificial intelligence-based effluent quality prediction model was developed, and relative errors were compared with effluent TMS measurement data. Through relative error comparison, the applicability of the artificial intelligence-based effluent water quality prediction model in wastewater treatment process was reviewed.

본 연구는 해양산업시설에서 배출되는 위험·유해물질(Hazardous and Noxious Substances) 중 아연을 대상으로 국내 서식종을 기반 으로 한 독성시험을 수행하고, 그 결과를 활용하여 국내 실정에 맞는 아연의 해양 수질 준거치(Marine Water Quality Criteria)를 제안하였다. 시험생물은 국내 연근해에 분포하고 산업적으로 유용하며, 표준 시험방법이 존재하는 종을 우선으로 5개의 분류군(Algae, Rotifer, Crustacean, Mollusc, Fish)의 총 10종을 선정하여 독성시험을 수행하였으며, 급·만성비(Acute-Chronic Ratio) 산출을 위하여 무척추동물, 어류 분류군에 대한 만성독성시험을 수행하였다. 국내종 독성시험에서 산출된 독성값을 활용한 수질준거치는 US EPA의 CCC (Criterion Continuous Concentration) 산출 기준으로 9.56 ㎍/L, 호주/뉴질랜드의 산출 기준으로 15.50 ㎍/L 로 나타나 호주/뉴질랜드에서 권고하는 기준인 14.40 ㎍/L 와 유사하였다. US EPA 및 호주/뉴질랜드는 자국의 생태독성 데이터베이스(US EPA Ecotox Database, Australasian Ecotoxicology Database)를 보유하고, 신뢰도 높은 독성값들을 생성하여 수질 기준 및 산출 기준을 갱신하고 있다. 한편, 국내에서는 국내종 기반 급성 독 성값을 적용하고 있지만, 중요한 산출 지표인 급·만성비는 US EPA 또는 유럽의 결과값을 활용하여 해양 수질 준거치를 산출하고 있으며, 국내의 생태독성 자료 또한 제한적인 실정이다. 따라서, 국내 해양 서식종을 기반으로 한 지속적인 독성시험과 준거치 설정 체계를 확보하 여 국내 해양생물과 생태계를 보호할 수 있는 해양 수질 준거치 도출이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficiency of air and oxygen injected into the underwater non-thermal dielectric barrier discharge plasma (DBD plasma) device used to remove five types of antibiotics (tetracycline, doxycycline, oxytetracycline, clindamycin, and erythromycin) artificially contained in the fish farm discharge water. The voltage given to generate DBD plasma was 27.8 kV, and the measurement intervals were 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 minutes. Tetracycline antibiotics significantly decreased in 4 minutes when air was injected and were reduced in 30 seconds when oxygen was injected. After the introduction of air and oxygen at 32 minutes, 78.1% and 95.8% of tetracycline were removed, 77.1% and 96.3% of doxycycline were removed, and 77.1% and 95.5% of oxytetracycline were removed, respectively. In air and oxygen, 59.6% and 83.0% of clindamycin and 53.3% and 74.3% of erythromycin were removed, respectively. The two antibiotics showed lower removal efficiency than tetracyclines. In conclusion, fish farm discharge water contains five different types of antibiotics that can be reduced using underwater DBD plasma, and oxygen gas injection outperformed air in terms of removal efficiency.

해양환경의 위험유해물질 배출규제는 주로 선박이나 해양시설 등으로부터의 오염규제에 한정되어 있기 때문에, 해안 인접 산업 시설들의 위험유해물질 배출 허용기준 및 배출 지침 수립 등의 해양배출제도의 수립 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 해양산업시 설의 위험유해물질 배출 허용기준 및 배출 지침 정보를 자세히 제공하고 있는 미국 환경보호청(US EPA)의 자료를 중심으로 허용기준 및 배출 지침 수립 등 배출 제도 체계를 소개하고 향후 국내 배출지침 적용에 대해 고찰했다.

본 연구는 해양시설의 HNS 배출허용기준 체계에 적용 가능한 사회적 영향인자 평가방법 및 절차를 도출하는데 목적이 있다. 인천광역시 소재 해양시설 71개소로 대상으로 기업규모에 따라 대기업, 중견기업, 중소기업, 소기업으로 구분하였고, 신규 기술도입비용 은 5년간 분산하여 적용하는 경우로 추산하였다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 산업분야 항목에서는 경영상부담정도를 나타내는 지표 중 매출액감소 1점, 영업이익률감소 평균 3.5점, 도산가능성 2.7점으로 평가되어, 평균 2.7점으로 ‘영향있다’로 평가되었다. 둘째, 지역경제 항목의 평가지표 중 주민보건비지출부담 4점, 관광수입손실액 4점, 어업생산량감소 2점 등 전체 평균 3.3점으로 ‘영향크다’로 평가되었 다. 평가결과 산업적인 면에서는 소기업, 중기업, 대기업 간에 미치는 영향편차가 큰데, 대기업은 영향이 거의 없었고, 소기업은 영향을 크게 받는 것으로 나타났다. 지역경제면에서는 주민보건비지출부담, 관광수입감소, 어업생산량감소 등이 지역경제에 미치는 영향은 두가 지로 구분하여 볼 수 있는데, 지역전체 GRDP에 미치는 영향은 매우적지만, 해당 종사자나 주민 개인에 미치는 영향은 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났다.

Conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) do not fully remove micropollutants. Enhanced treatment of sewage effluents is being considered or implemented in some countries to minimize the discharge of problematic micropollutants from WWTPs. Representative enhanced sewage treatment technologies for micropollutant removal were reviewed, including their current status of research and development. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) such as ozonation and UV/H2O2 and adsorption processes using powdered (PAC) and granular activated carbon (GAC) were mainly discussed with focusing on process principles for the micropollutant removal, effect of process operation and water matrix factors, and technical and economic feasibility. Pilot- and full-scale studies have shown that ozonation, PAC, and GAC can achieve significant elimination of various micropollutants at economically feasible costs(0.16-0.29 €/m3). Considering the current status of domestic WWTPs, ozonation and PAC were found to be the most feasible options for the enhanced sewage effluent treatment. Although ozonation and PAC are all mature technologies, a range of technical aspects should be considered for their successful application, such as energy consumption, CO2 emission, byproduct or waste generation, and ease of system construction/operation/maintenance. More feasibility studies considering domestic wastewater characteristics and WWTP conditions are required to apply ozonation or PAC/GAC adsorption process to enhance sewage effluent treatment in Korea.

A heat pump system using wasted heat from thermal effluent to supply the heating energy can reduce energy consumption and emissions of greenhouse gases by greenhouse facilities nearby. The Jeju National University consortium constructed a heat pump system using the thermal effluent from the Jeju thermal power plant of KOMIPO to provide with cool or hot water to greenhouse facilities located 2.5km from the power station. In this paper, the system configuration of the heat pump system was summarized, and the results of operations for demonstration of a heating performance carried out during the winter season in 2018 were investigated. Therefore, if the heating control by supplying thermal effluent to the facility greenhouse, it can contribute to reducing the energy cost and improving quality.

Due to the large-scale production and use of synthetic chemicals in industralized countries, various chemicals are found in the aquatic environment, which are often termed as micropollutants. Effluents of municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been identified as one of the major sources of these micropollutants. In this article, the current status of occurrence and removal of micropollutants in WWTPs and their management policies and options in domestic and foregin countries were critically reviewed. A large number of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and industrial chemicals are found in WWTPs’ influent, and are only partially removed by current biological wastewater treatment processes. As a result, some micropollutants are present in WWTPs’ effluents, which can negatively affect receiving water quality or drinking water source. To better understand and assess the potential risk of micropollutants, a systematic monitoring framework including advanced analytical tools such as high resolution mass spectrometry and bioanalytical methods is needed. Some Western European countries are taking proactive approach to controlling the micropollutants by upgrading WWTP with enahnced effluent treatment processes. While this enahnced WWTP effluent treatment appears to be a viable option for controlling micropollutant, its implementation requires careful consideration of the technical, economical, political, and cultural issues of all stakeholders.

We conducted a study on the possibility of using the power plant's thermal effluent system by using a heating system to utilize the thermal effluent from Jeju Power Headquarters of KOMIPO. In this study, growth information such as the size, leaf area, fresh weight and dry weight of subtropical persimmon fruit (A) in the facility cultivation complex were measured. In the comparison group (B), the growth information of the same crop was measured and compared in an unheated greenhouse near Harye-ri, Namwon-eup, Seogwipo. Fruit size was measured at monthly intervals, and leaf area, fresh weight, and dry weight were measured at new shoot season. Measurement results of A and B growth information, 1) Fruit diameter & length, A grew 7.3% and 9.4% than B, 2) Leaf area, A grew 4.7% than B, 3) Fresh weight, the decrease was 8.9%, but the dry weight was 3.6%, indicating that A contains more nutrients than B. Therefore, if the heating control by supplying thermal effluent to the facility greenhouse, it can contribute to reducing the energy cost and improving quality.

Total organic carbon(TOC) was introduced as the water quality index of the rivers and lakes in 2013. This paper evaluated factors affecting effluent TOC concentrations and treated and discharged loads of existing publicly owned treatment works(POTWs). For selected POTWs with greater treatment capacity than 500㎥/day, factorial analysis was used to consider effects of kinds of biological treatment processes, inflow of other types of wastewater(industrial, livestock, landfill leachate wastewater, etc.) with domestic wastewater, sewer separation rate, and effluent discharging zones in which different effluent criteria applied. As a result, those factors did not show significant effect on effluent TOC concentration of POTWs in effluent discharging zone Ⅰ and Ⅱ. However, In effluent discharging zone Ⅲ and Ⅳ, kinds of biological treatment processes, the inclusion of other waste in influent of domestic wastewater, and the sewer separation rate were significant factors. The treated TOC load in POTWs was also not affected significantly by the variables set in this study. On the other hand, those three factors influenced significantly on the TOC load discharged to water bodies. The sum of factorial effects and the contribution rate of three factors to the discharged TOC load was 60.23 and 41%, 59.57 and 41%, and 42.04 and 18%, respectively.

In this study, a plate heat exchanger was developed for applying to a heat pump system using the heated effluent from a thermal power plant. Since seawater is used as a heat source and a heat sink in this heat pump system, Titanium was chosen as the heat plate material for its high corrosion resistance. One of the purposes of the study was to get an optimized distribution area in the heat plate in order that better thermal performances could be achieved through equal flow rates along the heat transfer area. It was revealed from the performance tests that the mean heat transfer rate and the overall heat transfer coefficient were enhanced by 2.9% and 7.7%, respectively, compared to those measured before the design optimization.

정삼투 여과막(FO) 기술 분야는 해수 담수화에서 이미 다양한 연구가 진행되었으나, 하폐수 처리 분야의 적용에서는 상대적으로 많은 연구가 필요한 상황이다. FO 기술은 비 다공성 특성막과 각 용액 사이의 삼투압 차이를 이용하여 원폐수로부터 수분을 비롯하여, 질소-인과 같은 이온성 물질까지 분리할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 FO 막을 혐기성 유동상 미생물반응기(AFBR)를 통해 처리된 처리수 내 존재하는 질소(주로 암모니아성 질소)를 제거하기 위해 적용되었다. 유도용액(Draw Solution, DS)의 종류(NaCl, CaCl2, Na2CO3)에 따라 투과량은 NaCl, CaCl2, Na2CO3 순으로 높게 나타났으며, 암모니아성 질소의 배제율은 각각 42.25%, 78.83%, 70.35%으로 나타났다.