Graphene oxide (GO) and ultrafine slag (UFS) have been applied to reinforce cement mortar cubes (CMC) in this research. The consequences of GO and UFS on the mechanical attributes of the CMC were explored through experimental investigations. Established on the results, at the 28 days of hydration, the CMC compressive and flexural strength with 0.03% of GO and 10% UFS were 89.8 N/mm2 and 9.1 N/mm2, respectively. Furthermore, the structural changes of CMC with GO and UFS were qualitatively analysed with instrumental techniques such as scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), FT Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and 27Al, 29Si-Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). SEM results reported that GO and UFS formed an aggregated nanostructure that improved the microstructural properties of the CMC. TGA analysis revealed the quantum of calcium hydrate and bound water accomplished by supplementing GO bound to the UFS aggregates. FT-IR analysis of the CMC samples confirmed the ‘O-’comprising functional groups of GO which expedited the formation of complexes between calcium carbonate ( CaCO3) and UFS. 0.03% GO was the optimum dosage that enhanced the compressive and flexural attributes when combined with 10% UFS in CMC.

By merging Bourdieu's cultural capital with self-determination theory, this study aims to better understand smoking cessation behaviour in Egypt. The results demonstrate that the accumulation of cultural capital satisfies three fundamental needs, contributes to the self-determination theory's motivating forms, and serves as an independent cause for smoking cessation in Egypt.

This paper suggests a theoretical conceptual framework focusing on the individuals' affective process of country image evaluation, through the examination of the positive relationship among the country's responsiveness to individuals A-R-C needs with, and the country's emotional attachment. The main contribution of this paper is that it is operating as countries’ “BIAS map” for their future actions and policy strategies for their individuals’ well-being safeguard.

Attitudes toward advertising as an institution remain an important research topic in developing countries. Even in the West, the issue is currently being revisited to update for various online media contexts. This paper examines attitudes toward advertising among college students in Egypt. There was little difference in attitudes depending on whether they were thinking of traditional TV advertising or advertising on social media, although they use SM much more frequently. Generally the respondents agreed with a range of issues related to the beneficial aspects of advertising, and only slightly agreed or were roughly neutral on most issues related to detrimental effects. There is strong support for laws about ‘truth-in-advertising’ and legal responsibility for claims, but only weak support for direct government control of advertising.

출(出)애굽이 있으면 입(入)애굽도 있어야 한다. 이스라엘 민족을 애굽에 본격적으로 정주하게 만든 애굽의 총리 요셉이 입애굽의 주역이 다. 출애굽의 주역은 이론의 여지가 없이 모세다. 입애굽과 출애굽을 이끈 요셉과 모세는 애굽기의 시종(始終) 주역들이다. 그들이 이스라엘 의 애굽기를 열고 닫았다. 아서 글라서(Arthur F. Glasser)는 요셉과 모세를 한 묶음으로 여긴다. 이 연구의 핵심과제는 여호와 우리 하나님 에 의해 애굽기의 시종 주역들로 쓰임 받은 요셉과 모세에게서 타문화권 선교사의 본보기가 될 요소들을 밝히는 것이다. 주된 연구방법은 귀납 적 성경연구다. 하워드 스나이더(Howard A. Snyder)는 그의 교회 갱신을 위한 열 가지 명제 중 여덟 번째로 성경적 리더십을 꼽으며, “리더십을 위한 세상적인 자격 요건들은 성경적인 자격 요건으로 대체 되어야 한다.”고 주장한다. 필자는 이 연구에서 팔로워와 리더의 직무를 동시에 수행해야하는 타문화권 선교사에게 요구되는 ‘성경적인 자격 요건’을 입애굽과 출애굽을 이끈 요셉과 모세라는 불세출의 성경적 지도자들에게서 찾아본다. 야곱의 축복 중 “요셉은 무성한 가지 곧 샘 곁의 무성한 가지라 그 가지가 담을 넘었도다”(창 49:22)라는 구절은 요셉의 일생과 그의 됨됨이를 잘 보여준다. 요셉은 애굽 곳곳에서 하나님께서 함께하심으로 말미암아 범사에 형통한 샘 곁의 무성한 가지가 된다. 십칠 세에 애굽으 로 팔려간 요셉은 십육 세에 로마령 영국 서부 해안가 자기 집에서 아일랜드 침입자에게 붙잡혀 아일랜드 영주의 노예로 팔렸던 성 패트릭 (St. Patrick)을 떠올리게 한다. 패드릭은 포로 생활을 한 아일랜드에 타문화권 선교사로 다시 가서 고사 위기에 놓인 그리스도교 교회를 살려냈다. 또한 요셉은 타문화권 선교사가 하나님의 섭리를 참으로 믿고 의지하면 어떤 상황에서도 억울함이라는 감정에 함몰되지 않고 자신에게 주어진 삶에 충실할 수 있게 됨을 보여준다. 요셉은 백십 세를 일기로 죽을 때까지 형제들을 갑을관계로 대하지 않았다. 애굽 왕의 사형수로 태어나 애굽 왕족의 영화를 누리다가, 다시 바로의 사형수가 되어 유리하다가, 장인 이드로의 양 떼를 치던 호렙에서 만난 하나님(출 3:2)에 의해 한 민족을 살리는 지도자로 쓰인, 드라마틱한 모세의 삶과 사역은 타문화권 선교사의 본보기로서 훌륭하다. 모세는 타문화권 선교사가 표본으로 정하여 성숙할 때까지 모델로 삼을 만하다. 모세는 온유한 지도자였다. 성경은 “이 사람 모세는 온유함이 지면의 모든 사람보다 더하더라”(민 12장 3)고 간결하 게 진술한다. 온유한 지도자는 인물을 키운다. 하나님께서 모세의 온유함에서 우러난 진정한 겸손을 인정하고 그에게 동역할 사람들을 붙이셨다. 건물을 짓는 선교보다 인물을 키우는 선교가 훨씬 더 중요하 다. 당장은 건물이 눈에 띄지만 세월에 부식하지 않는 인물이 오래 간다. 큰 나무는 나무를 기르지 못하지만 큰 사람은 인물을 키울 수 있다. 인물은 대개 큰 지도자 밑에서 자란다. 그 안에 하나님의 영이 머무는 지혜가 충만한 후계자와 동역하다가 그에게 자신의 존귀를 돌릴 수 있는 타문화권 선교사, 복되고도 복되지 아니한가?

The purposeof this study was to provide a formative charateristics by analyzing aesthetic charateristics of Egypt costume expressed in contemporary fashion. The result of this study obtained through this process were as follows. Aesthetic characteristics were expressed as a primative-retro characteristics, and a erotic-retro characteristics and a decorative-retro characteristics. Based on these trends, this study analyzed formative charateristics in an aspect of form, color, material, and decoration. In the modern fashion, unlike the H-line silhouette given by a natural fit in the primitive retro, the erotic retro was characterized in the shape by a tight H-line silhouette. For the color, peach, yellow green, gold, light blue, red, and black were used as the main color. For the material, see-through, gauze, mesh, organdy, and tight vinyl were utilized to emphasize an erotic image and expose a body secretly. For the decoration, the characteristic of erotic retro using the simple or same colors frequently was the use of similar accessories colors matched with material colors. The decorative retro was characterized in the shape by a H-line silhouette connected as a part of clothing which applied passium and a greatly modified silhouette from an Egyptian simple style which was well-matched with splendid accessories. For the color, the broadest range of color changes was found from light pastel such as white, yellow, light pink, burnt orange, blue, purple, silver, gold, and red to strong vivid tones. For the material, modern materials such as organdy, tulle, leather, and furs were often used. For the decoration, passium, an eagle pattern, scarab earrings, a crown, a sneak-shaped coronet, and pictograph printed on the fabric were frequently used.

This article analyzes the diplomatic aspects of Egyptian-North Korean relations, with a brief overview of the era of Gamal Abdel Nasser and with a focus on Anwar el-Sadat’s presidency. On the basis of Hungarian, U.S., and Romanian archival documents, it investigates why the post-1973 reorientation of Egyptian foreign policy toward a pro-American position did not lead to a breakdown of the Egyptian-North Korean partnership. The article describes such episodes as North Korea’s military contribution to the 1973 Arab-Israeli War, Egyptian-North Korean cooperation in the Non-Aligned Movement, Kim Il Sung’s equivocal reactions to the Egyptian-Israeli peace process, and the militant Arab states’ dissatisfaction with Pyongyang’s unwillingness to condemn the “treacherous” Camp David Accords. It concludes that the main pillars of the Sadat-Kim Il Sung partnership were their simultaneous cooperation with China, their shared enmity for the USSR, and their fear of diplomatic isolation. Still, the North Korean leaders, anxious as they were to prevent an Egyptian-South Korean rapprochement, were more often compelled to adapt to Egypt’s diplomatic preferences than vice versa. The ambivalence, vacillation, prevarication, and opportunism that characterized Pyongyang’s interactions with Cairo belied the common image of North Korea as an iron-willed, militant state cooperating with other revolutionary regimes on the basis of equality, mutual trust, and anti-imperialist solidarity.

The shipping industry can be explained by a growing process of concentration and centralization of tonnage. A few largest shipping company control a great deal of shipping tonnage in the total tonnage through the process of concentration and centralization of tonnage in shipping over time. It confirms that a decreasing number of operators take an increasing quantity of tonnage in the total tonnage. Thus, the extremely dualistic structure (extremely unequal distribution of tonnage) are shown not only in the shipping industry in a given country but also in liner shipping in the world In this paper, the two countries, that is, Korea and Egypt, are compared considering the absolute size of tonnage and shipping policy in tenn., of concentration and centralization of tonnage in shipping. In order to measure the degree of concentration of tonnage in shipping, the quantitative measurements; the Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient are introduced. But it should be supplemented with the qualitative measures of tonnage in a given country.