Background: Sitting posture influences movements of scapulothoracic and glenohumeral joints and changes the shoulder muscle activities. The development and maintenance of correct sitting posture is important for the fundamental treatment of shoulder pain during rehabilitation. Objects: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the sitting postures and the shoulder movements on shoulder muscle activities for both male and female. Methods: Twenty-eight subjects without shoulder-related diseases participated in this experiment. The subjects had randomly adopted three different sitting postures (upright posture, preferred posture, maximum slouched posture) and shoulder flexion angles in scapular plane (30˚, 90˚, 120˚). Surface electrodes were collected from upper trapezius (UT), anterior deltoid (AD), and posterior deltoid (PD) and the active shoulder range of motion was measured in each sitting posture and shoulder flexion angle. Results: The active range of motions of the shoulder external rotation and the flexion in the scapular plane decreased from the upright posture to the maximum slouched posture (p<.05, mixed-effect linear regression with random intercept, Tukey post-hoc analysis). All muscles showed the highest EMG activities at 120˚ shoulder flexion with the maximum slouched posture and did not show the gender differences. Conclusion: Increased shoulder muscle activities may become the potential risk factor for the shoulder impairment and pain if people continuously maintain the maximum slouched posture. Therefore, an upright position is necessary during shoulder exercises, as well as in activities of daily living, including motions involving lifting the arms.

Background: Investigation in gender differences of kinetics and kinematics for individuals with patellar femoral pain syndrome (PFPS) was not sufficiently performed. Objects: The purpose of this study is that whether there is a difference depending on gender from muscle activity and strength and knee valgus angle during controlled single-leg squat which is widely used as clinical movement test for the patient with PFPS. Methods: 20 young adults (10 men, 20.0±2.1 years; 10 women, 20.4±2.1 years) with PFPS were voluntarily recruited in this study. Muscle activity and strength and knee valgus angle were collected during single-leg squat. Independent t-test and Mann-Whitney test were used to compare the differences between groups of male and female. Results: Rectus femoris (t=-2.204, p=.041) and vastus medialis oblique (t=-2.151, p=.045) muscle activity of women were significantly higher than male group. Normalized muscle strength of hip and knee muscles showed a significant difference between men and women (p<.05). Valgus angle of the knee in women (t=-2.450, p=.025) were increased significantly than men. Conclusion: The therapist would consider the characteristics of these gender differences during performing movement test, exercise, and education for the individuals with PFPS.

목적 : 본 연구는 만성 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 상상훈련과 근전도 유발 신경근전기자극의 결합된 치료가 마비측 상지 기 능과 일상생활활동에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 2012년 8월부터 2013년 2월까지 K의료원에 외래 치료 중인 44명의 만성 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 무작위 대 조 실험을 하였다. 두 집단은 전통적 재활치료와 함께 실험군은 상상 훈련과 근전도 유발 전기자극의 결합된 치료를, 대조군은 일반적인 전기자극치료를 회당 30분간, 주 5회, 6주간 실시하였다. 상지기능평가로 Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA)와 Manual Function Test (MFT)를 사용 하였으며 일상생활활동 평가로 수정바델지수(Modified Barthel Index; MBI)를 사용하여 중재 전·후 평가를 실시하였다. 결과 : 1) 6주간의 중재 후 실험군의 FMA, MFT 점수의 비교 결과 통계학적 유의한 변화를 보였다(p<.01). 2) 실험군의 MBI 점수의 비교 결과 통계학적 유의한 변화는 없었다. 하지만 개인위생과 옷 입기 항목에서 통계학적 유의한 변화를 보였다(p<.05). 반면 대조군의 경우 약간의 점수 향상은 있었지만 모든 평가에서 통계학적 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결론 : 만성 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 상상훈련과 근전도 유발 전기자극의 결합된 치료가 기능적 전기자극치료에 비해 뇌 졸중 환자의 마비측 상지기능을 향상 시킨다는 것을 확인하였으며, 손의 움직임과 관련된 일상생활활동 수행능력에도 영향을 미친다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

In rehabilitation programs involving muscle re-education and endurance exercise, it is necessary to confirm when fatigue occurs. It is also necessary to quantify fatigue, to confirm whether the muscle has been exercised sufficiently. In general, as fatigue occurs, the force-generating ability of the muscle is reduced. If the median frequency (MDF) obtained from electromyogram (EMG) power spectrum is correlated highly with work, then the timing and degree of fatigue may be confirmed. This study examined the relationship between work and MDF obtained from the EMG power spectrum during repetitive isokinetic exercise. Surface EMG signals were collected from biceps brachii and vastus lateralis of 52 normal subjects (26 males, 26 females) at and while performing an isokinetic exercise. The exercise was finished at 25% of peak work. MDF data was obtained using a moving fast Fourier transformation (FFT), and random noise was removed using the inverse FFT, then a new MDF data was obtained from the main signal. There was a high correlation between work and MDF during repetitiv isokinetic exercise in the biceps brachii and vastus lateralis of males and the biceps brachii of females (r=.50~.77). However, there was a low correlation between work and MDF in the vastus lateralis of females (r=.06~.19).

본 논문에서는 편마비 환자들의 재활 훈련을 돕기 위하여 시각적인 피드백과 동기 부여를 줄 수 있는 다채널 근전도 기반의 체감형 무선 게임 장치를 제안하였다. 게임 콘텐츠는 환자의 회복 상태에 따라 적용할 수 있도록 채널 별로 제작하였으며, 속도 및 난이도를 조절할 수 있게 제작되었다. 본 장치의 유효성 검증을 위하여 편마비 환자 7명을 대상으로 적용하여 설문 조사를 하였다. 조사 결과는 치료 효과에 대한 기대감이 가장 높은 점수(4.14±0.38)를 보여주었으며, 설문 문항 전체적으로 3점 이상의 결과를 보여주었다. 이 연구의 필요성과 개발된 장치의 만족감을 확인할 수 있었으며, 본 장치는 재활 환자들에게 게임을 통하여 재미있게 재활 운동을 할 기회를 제공할 수 있을 것이다.