Safe radiation management is essential not only for operational nuclear power plants but also for nuclear plants to be decommissioned. When spent nuclear fuel is present on-site, meticulous radiation emergency plans are necessary to ensure safety. In Korea, numerous radiation emergency plans have been established for operational nuclear reactors. These plans delineate distinct response mitigation measures for white, blue, and red emergencies. However, clear regulations are yet to be devised for radiation emergency plans for reactors to be decommission. Therefore, this study investigated the decommissioning plan and status of Kori unit 1 to comprehensively analyze the current status of decommissioning safety in Korea. In this study, radiation emergency plans of decommissioning nuclear power plants abroad were reviewed to confirm radiation emergency action levels. Furthermore, radioactive waste treatment facilities, to be used for decommissioning reactors in Korea were evaluated. Moreover, the study assessed emergency plans (especially, emergency initiating conditions) for operational nuclear power plants in Korea for potential use in the decommissioning phase. This study proposed an emergency initiating condition that can be used for decommissioning reactors in Korea. Considering the anticipated introduction of plasma torch melting facility in Korea, this study examined the conditions of radiation emergency plans can be altered. This study identified effective measures and guidelines for managing radiological emergency initiating conditions, and effective decommissioning of nuclear power plants in Korea.

Domestic nuclear power plants have developed radiological emergency plans based on the USNRC’s NUREG-0654/FEMA-REP-Rev.1 report and the Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety’s (KINS) research report on radiation emergency criteria for power reactors (KINS/RR-12). NUREG-0654 is a US emergency planning guide for nuclear power plants and provides detailed technical requirements for the content of radiological emergency plans. The document classifies radiological emergencies into three levels: Alert, Site Area Emergency, and General Emergency, which correspond to the white, blue, and red emergency levels used in domestic nuclear power plants. KINS/RR-12 is a technical guidance document published by the Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety in 2012, which divides radiological emergency criteria into criteria for pressurized water reactors (PWRs) and criteria for boiling water reactors (BWRs), and describes in detail the regulatory position and implementation of radiological emergency criteria for domestic PWRs and BWRs. The physical protection-related radiation emergency criteria included in the radiological emergency plan are specified in the radiological emergency criteria guidelines. There are two items each related to white and blue emergencies and one item related to red emergencies. Standard order of emergency plan lists the physical protection-related radiological emergency criteria for domestic PWRs and BWRs, which are identical according to the radiological emergency criteria guidelines. To enhance the physical protection regulation, the legal and regulatory basis for target set identification and vital area identification need to be established by considering radiological and physical protection emergency plan.

The correlation between accident management plan and radiation emergency plan of Shin-Kori Units 3 and 4 was compared and analyzed from the point of view of the adequacy of facilities, equipments, organization and manpower which are necessary for the related emergency response. It was found the equipment of accident management plan and emergency response facility of radiation emergency plan had different technical contents and scope of application, so there was no risk of mutual conflict and overlapping functions. However, since the accident impact assessment code in accident management plan and computer program of radiation emergency plan were different, it was necessary to ensure the agreement or linkage of the evaluation between them. When a radiation emergency is issued in accident management plan, the composition and mission of the accident response organization were mostly consistent with the contents of the radiation emergency plan, but some corrections and improvement items were identified. Accident management plan specified that the disaster response safety center belonged to the emergency operations facility (EOF), but the radiation emergency plan did not mention it at all. The main tasks of disaster response safety center were the movement, arrangement and connection of mobile emergency response facilities, on-site construction of other emergency response facilities, and on-site road restoration. According to the accident management plan, the movement, arrangement, and connection of mobile facilities (i.e., mobile generators, mobile pumps, multi-purpose communication relay facilities), which were considered very important for the prevention and mitigation of serious accidents, were under the supervision of the disaster response safety center. It was stipulated that the operation was carried out with the cooperation of a regular emergency organization, and that the start, operation and stop of mobile equipments were to be performed under the supervision of the emergency operation team supported by the regular emergency organization. Since this organization structure and assignment of duties could not be confirmed in radiation emergency plan, it was necessary to revise and improve the radiation emergency plan for the successful operation of mobile equipments and to link them with the accident management plan.

An emergency diesel generator(EDG) manufactured by a French company Wartsila SACM is a tandem type engine and consisted of two 10 cylindered diesel engines on each side. The maintenance manual provided by the manufacturer recommends that engine bearing be inspected every 15 years. However, it is difficult to inspect them because the manhole located in the lower compartment of the engine is too small for maintenance worker to access engine internals. Furthermore, the EDG should be disassembled and then overturned to inspect bearings unlike other EDG type. Such process will take longer period time than ordinary maintenance period. So it is not possible to inspect the main engine bearing and crank shaft during a routine or scheduled maintenance. In this paper, five methods are proposed and estimated to resolve the problem and the optimal maintenance method is chosen among them. The proposed optimal maintenance plan makes it possible to perform proper maintenance during regular maintenance period and to lower maintenance cost considerably.

This study analyzed the characteristics of high PM2.5 episodes that meets the concentration criteria of Emergency Reduction Measures Plan (ERMP) in Busan during the 2015-2020, and compared with those in Seoul. As a first step, the CAPSS-2017 emission data was employed to analyze the emission differences between Busan and Seoul, and pointed out that Busan emission included the dominance of ship emissions (37.7%) among total PM2.5 city emissions, whereas fugitive PM2,5 emission was the highest in Seoul. These emission characteristics are indicating that the controlling action plan should be uniquely applied to cope with ERMP in each region. We selected extremely high PM2.5 episode days that meet the criteria of ERMP levels. In Busan, Ulsan, and Gyeongnam region, 15, 16, and 8 days of extremely high PM2.5 cases were found, respectively, whereas Seoul showed approximately doubling of occurrences with 37 cases. However, the occurrences in summer season indicated big differences between two cities: the proportion of summer-season occurrence was 13-25% in Busan, whereas no single case have occurred in Seoul. This is suggesting the needs of comprehensive summer emission reduction plan with focusing on sulfur reduction to effectively cope with the ERMP levels in summer in the southeastern region, including Busan.

Emergency Action Plan (EAP) is predicted reservoir failure scenario of action plans to protect or minimize life loss or property damages for residents in the downstream area under reservoir failure situation. Current EAP has included some of qualitative measures, such as, overflow expected, expecting over flood water level, etc., also training is not enough to folow EAP processes. Therefore, EAP must be renewed under consideration of new emergency action phases, quantitative measures and electronic manual.

This study was conducted to build an emergency action plan (EAP) for cable-supported bridges in South Korea. First, accidents happened on Cable-supported bridges were investigated and categorized based on the types. Second, accident scenarios were built-up regarding the types. Two bridges were selected for planning the emergency action following the accident scenarios. The emergency action plan established in this study could be used for the management of cable-supported bridges in the future.

｢재난 및 안전관리 기본법｣ 제4조 국가 등의 책무에서 국가와 지방자치단체는 재난이나 그 밖의 각종 사고로부터 국민의 생명·신체 및 재산을 보호할 책무를 지니고 재난이나 그 밖의 각종 사고를 예방하고 피해를 줄이기 위하여 노력하며 발생한 피해를 신속하게 대응·복구하기 위한 계획을 수립 및 시행해야 한다고 명시되어 있다. 국가뿐만 아니라 지방자치단체도 최 일선에서 재난 발생시 국민의 생명·신체 및 재산을 보호하기 위해 중요한 역할을 수행하고 있다. 또한 지방자치단체는 재난현장에서 가장 가까운 곳에 위치하여 대응하고 있는 조직이기 때문에 국가차원의 중앙정부보다 우선적으로 재난현장을 수습하기 위해 노력해야 한다. 이처럼 지방자치단체는 국민의 생명과 재산을 보호하기 위해 재난유형별 비상대응계획을 수립하여 운영하고 있다. 특히 재난 발생시에는 사전에 수립한 비상대응계획을 바탕으로 반별 업무대로 수행하여 피해를 최소화하고 신속하게 복구하여 원래 상태로 돌아갈 수 있게 한다. 강원도 삼척시는 과거 지진해일로 인해 인명피해 및 재산피해가 발생한 이력이 있어 지진해일에 대한 비상대응계획을 수립하여 운영하고 있으며 협업 실무반별 임무 및 역할까지 명시되어 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 지방자치단체에서 운영하는 비상대응계획 현황을 검토하고 강원도 삼척시에서 운영하는 지진 및 지진해일 비상대응계획에 대해 조사하여 운영실태를 알아보았다. 또한 재난안전대책본부 협업 실무반별 임무 및 역할을 분석하여 재난유형별 비상대응계획의 특성을 도출하였다.